CN108955552A - Lane/tunnel surface non-uniform displacement contactless measuring system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-contact measurement system and method for roadway/tunnel surface displacement, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional roadway surrounding rock deformation measurement. It includes explosion-proof casing, data measurement system, central control system, measurement and positioning system, data transmission system, data analysis and processing system and display system. The data measurement system is installed on the right side of the explosion-proof casing. The data measurement system includes two-stage vertical transmission Mechanism, secondary horizontal transmission mechanism, laser range finder and automatic steering steering gear, laser range finder and automatic steering steering gear are fixedly connected together. When the system is working, the parameters of the automatic steering gear are set in advance, and then the transmission structure is used to adjust the spatial position of the laser range finder. The central control system sends an instruction to drive the laser measuring instrument to rotate 360°circumferentially through the steering gear of the transmission mechanism, and at the same time to the measuring point A sequence of short-lived pulsed laser beams is emitted to achieve high-precision measurement of non-uniform deformation of the surrounding rock surface of irregular roadways.

Description

Non-contact measurement system and method for non-uniform displacement of roadway/tunnel surface

technical field

The invention relates to a non-contact measurement system and method for roadway/tunnel surface displacement, in particular to a roadway surrounding rock deformation measurement system suitable for high-precision measurement of non-uniform deformation under irregular roadway surrounding rock conditions.

Background technique

Roadway/tunnel surface deformation is the most basic engineering monitoring parameter content, mainly including the distance of the roadway/tunnel roof, floor and side walls, etc. According to the monitoring results, the surface displacement velocity of the roadway/tunnel, the convergence rate of the roadway/tunnel section, and Establish and draw the relational curve of displacement, displacement velocity and roadway/tunnel excavation position and time, and then analyze the deformation law of roadway/tunnel surrounding rock, the stability of surrounding rock and the effect of roadway/tunnel support. At present, the monitoring method of roadway/tunnel surface deformation generally adopts the cross measurement method, that is, drilling holes in the vertical direction of the roadway/tunnel roof and the middle of the bottom plate and the horizontal direction of the two sides, installing wooden piles, short anchor rods, measuring nails and other measurement base points, by the work Personnel perform manual measurements and records.

Considering that the roadway/tunnel in the project is affected by ground stress, lithology, rheology, or blasting shock, the initial cross-sectional shape and unevenness are usually quite different, and the surrounding rock surface is non-uniformly deformed. The traditional method is limited by the position of the measuring point, and is mainly suitable for the uniform deformation of the surrounding rock surface of the regular roadway; the manual recording is limited to a certain section of the roadway, and cannot realize the overall measurement; lead to inaccurate data analysis. The above problems have brought many difficulties to the measurement of roadway surface deformation. It can be seen that the existing technology needs to be further improved and improved.

Optical measurement tools have simple structure, high measurement accuracy, and strong applicability in harsh environments. Using pulsed measuring devices such as laser rangefinders can realize real-time measurement of roadway surrounding rock deformation, and can accurately measure long-distance roadway at one time. The amount of deformation in the direction can be used to determine the shape of the surrounding rock after deformation.

After searching and querying, the relevant research reports of the prior art include:

"Laser measurement device and method for roadway surrounding rock surface deformation" (notice number: CN103510985A) uses computer software unit to process roadway surface deformation data, draw roadway graphics and analyze the surrounding rock deformation at each measurement point of the roadway and predict the danger of the roadway. It is suitable for accurate measurement of roadway surrounding rock deformation. However, this device is mainly suitable for measuring the uniform deformation of the surrounding rock surface of a relatively regular roadway, and it is difficult to complete the deformation measurement of the entire roadway section. "A Dynamic Measuring Device for Roadway Surrounding Rock Deformation" (Notice No.: CN201680823U) utilizes multiple laser ranging sensors installed at intervals on the sides and top of the roadway to realize automatic, real-time, multi-section and continuous long-term measurement of roadway deformation. It is used for real-time measurement, data storage, image display and data communication of roadway surrounding rock deformation. However, the selected laser range finder is not equipped with a rotating device and cannot realize the measurement of the entire section of the roadway. A large number of laser range finders are required to complete a measurement. "A device and method for monitoring the surface deformation of the whole roadway, the whole process and the whole section" (notice number: CN106401651A) uses the anchor cable to arrange the measuring station, and uses the threaded casing at the end of the anchor cable to connect the support frame and the rotating laser measuring device, and the rotating laser measurement The device realizes the digital imaging of the whole lane, the whole process and the whole section. The device installation and line layout are cumbersome, the measurement sampling interval is relatively random, and the anchor cable as the installation carrier is easily disturbed by the external environment.

Therefore, how to break through the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing roadway surrounding rock surface deformation laser measurement device, that is, on the basis of accurately obtaining the deformation in each direction of the roadway section, realize automatic adjustment of the spatial distance of measurement sampling, irregular roadway surrounding rock surface non-uniformity, etc. Real-time monitoring of deformation and other functions, while reducing the impact of the external environment on the measuring device, reducing the cost of measurement, etc., have extremely important research and engineering significance for rock mass engineering support and construction safety.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of traditional roadway surrounding rock deformation measurement, and provide a non-contact measurement system and method for roadway/tunnel surface displacement. When the system is working, the parameters of the automatic steering gear are set in advance and then adjusted by the transmission structure. The spatial position of the laser rangefinder is commanded by the central control system to drive the laser measuring instrument to rotate 360°circumferentially through the steering gear of the transmission mechanism, and at the same time shoot a series of short pulse laser beams to the measuring point to realize the surface of the irregular roadway surrounding rock High-precision measurement of non-uniform deformation.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the main technical problems to be overcome are:

(1) 360°circumferential automatic measurement of non-uniform displacement of irregular roadway/tunnel surface;

(2) Time-space high-precision calibration and calibration of roadway/tunnel surface displacement;

(3) Matching and conversion of displacement data to 3D digital image.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the following technical solutions were adopted:

A non-contact measurement system for the surface displacement of a roadway/tunnel, which includes an explosion-proof casing, a data measurement system, a central control system, a measurement and positioning system, a data transmission system, a data analysis and processing system, and a display system. The data measurement system is installed On the right side of the explosion-proof casing, the data measurement system includes a secondary vertical transmission mechanism, a secondary horizontal transmission mechanism, a laser range finder and an automatic steering steering gear, and the laser range finder and the automatic steering steering gear The machine is fixedly connected together, the automatic steering steering gear can drive the laser range finder to perform 360° circumferential rotation, and the secondary vertical transmission mechanism and the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism drive the automatic steering steering gear to move;

The measurement and positioning system is used to control the movement of the secondary vertical transmission mechanism and the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism;

The data transmission system is used to receive the data obtained by the data measurement system and transmit it to the data storage system at the same time;

The data analysis and processing system includes an electronic recorder that obtains a three-dimensional point cloud array by analyzing spatial coordinate information, an electronic analyzer that determines deformation standards by extracting multi-plane features, and an electronic registration instrument that cooperates with image matching and system calibration time and space And a 3D model machine synthesized by RGB image processing; the data analysis and processing system is used to analyze the data in the data storage system;

The central control system is used for signal control of the data measurement system, measurement positioning system, data transmission system and data analysis and processing system.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the data storage system includes a control chip and an SD card integrated system, and the laser rangefinder digitally processes the collected roadway surface deformation data through an electronic recorder, an electronic analyzer and an electronic distribution system. After aligning the instrument, it is calculated in conjunction with relevant software and transmitted to the 3D model machine, and stored in the integrated system of the control chip and SD card.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the central control system is provided with a control chip, and the data measurement system, measurement positioning system, data transmission system and data analysis and processing system are controlled by signals through the control chip.

Further, the measurement and positioning system includes a primary transmission mechanism and an electronic compass for controlling the movement of the secondary vertical transmission mechanism and the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism.

Further, the data transmission system includes a data transmission line, a USB data transmission interface and an RJ45 network interface, the data transmission line is set in the explosion-proof casing, and the USB data transmission interface and the RJ45 network interface are set in the The left side of the explosion-proof enclosure.

Further, an LED explosion-proof lamp and a power socket for lighting are installed on the front side of the explosion-proof casing, and a power supply is also provided in the explosion-proof casing, and the power supply adopts an explosion-proof lithium ion battery and a safety protection type Lithium battery charging board.

Further, the electronic recorder, electronic analyzer, and electronic registration instrument are all installed in the explosion-proof casing.

Further, the display system includes a liquid crystal digital display screen, a laser range finder horizontal movement control button, a laser range finder vertical movement control button, an explosion-proof casing vertical movement control button, a start button, an end button, a record button, a save button, Export button and charging indicator light.

Further, the lower part of the explosion-proof casing is provided with a load-bearing steel frame and a telescopic stand, and the bottom is provided with rollers.

Further, the laser rangefinder includes a laser transmitter and a laser receiver.

Another task of the present invention is to provide a kind of non-contact measurement method of roadway/tunnel surface displacement, comprises the following steps successively:

The first step is to select the roadway area to be measured in the mine, mark the measurement base point according to the roadway section, retract the moving wheel at the lower part of the explosion-proof casing and adjust the measuring device to move vertically to the base point, open the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism and the secondary vertical transmission mechanism And according to the electronic compass, put the automatic steering steering gear at the level, that is, adjust the level of the laser measuring device for the surface deformation of the roadway surrounding rock;

The second step is to turn on the laser transmitter before the formal measurement and adjust the emitted light to be perpendicular to the center line of the roadway, so as to ensure that the laser range finder consolidated with the automatic steering steering gear in the laser measurement device for the deformation of the surrounding rock surface of the roadway can be perpendicular to the center line of the roadway;

Step 3: After setting the rotation angle rate, start the automatic steering servo, start the laser ranging function of the control chip through the start button, and press 1, 2, 3... after the automatic steering servo rotates for a circle, enter the number of the surrounding rock measurement point and start take measurements;

The fourth step, the measuring point data is analyzed by the electronic recorder to calculate the spatial coordinates of the surrounding rock, and the electronic analyzer and the electronic registration instrument are used to count and analyze the coordinates of the measuring point to obtain the deformation of the surrounding rock. After observing the surrounding rock image on the display screen, it is correct Start the record button, and the roadway surrounding rock measurement data will be automatically saved to the SD card;

Step 5: When the surrounding rock measurement of the roadway section is completed, the display screen of the device shows that the measurement is completed, and the secondary transmission mechanism can be operated to extend the transmission arm, that is, to move the surface deformation laser rangefinder of the roadway surrounding rock, and measure the deformation data of the adjacent surrounding rock section ;

Step 6. After the measurement of all the base points of this section of roadway is completed, start the data export button to transfer the data to the 3D model machine for data analysis through relevant software, analyze the deformation of each measurement point according to the original data of the exported and monitored surrounding rock deformation, and draw 3D cross-sectional view of each measuring point of the roadway section.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention brings the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) The present invention integrates multiple technologies such as laser measurement technology, computer image processing, 3D stereo vision, and roadway surrounding rock monitoring method. By measuring the deformation data of the roadway surrounding rock surface in the underground, it is imported into relevant software for processing, and the roadway surrounding rock is obtained. The 3D model of rock surface deformation solves the problems of cumbersome operation and low accuracy in the monitoring process of roadway surrounding rock deformation;

(2) The present invention uses a control chip to control and issue instructions. When the pulsed laser range finder is working, it emits a sequence of short-lived pulsed laser beams to the measuring point, and the photoelectric element receives the laser beam reflected by the surrounding rocks to be measured. The time from the launch to the reception of the beam is calculated, and the distance from the observer to the target is calculated to achieve high-precision measurement;

(3) At the same time, the steering gear of the transmission mechanism drives the laser measuring instrument to rotate 360°circumferentially, which can measure the deformation of the entire section of the roadway. Non-destructive and non-contact monitoring of deformation, which solves the problem of strong human subjectivity in previous monitoring;

(4) Use the transmission structure to adjust the spatial position of the laser rangefinder, and automatically turn to the steering gear after setting the rotation parameters in advance to achieve efficient unmanned monitoring, avoiding the time-consuming, difficult construction and high cost of installing sensors in multiple places on the surrounding rock. , the monitoring process is simple and easy to implement, which is beneficial to the engineering operation of coal mine workers. The measurement data is processed by relevant algorithms, which can display the monitoring data of the full section of the roadway and draw a three-dimensional structural model. The degree of automation is high, and the roadway environment adaptability is good. Affect the normal progress of the project;

(5) By adjusting the explosion-proof casing, it can be used to measure different roadway surrounding rock sections. Relying on freely retractable rollers and tripods, it is not only easy to move but also adapts to the uneven ground environment in the underground roadway. It has strong stability and has explosion-proof measures. High security.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the structural front view of the three-dimensional model construction device of roadway surrounding rock surface deformation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the left view of the construction device structure of the roadway surrounding rock surface deformation three-dimensional model;

Fig. 3 is the right view of the construction device structure of the surface deformation three-dimensional model of the roadway surrounding rock of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural top view of the three-dimensional model construction device of roadway surrounding rock surface deformation of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a measurement flow chart of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-explosion-proof casing, 2-load-bearing steel frame, 3-telescopic stand, 4-3D model machine, 5-power supply, 6-control chip and SD card integrated system, 7-electronic recorder and analyzer, 8-Telescopic roller, 9-Electronic registration instrument, 10-Secondary vertical transmission mechanism, 11-Automatic steering servo, 12-Laser rangefinder, 13-Secondary horizontal transmission mechanism, 14-Lighting LED explosion-proof lamp, 15-data transmission line, 16-telescopic pull rod, 17-USB data transmission interface, 18-RJ45 network interface, 19-charging display light, 20-1 vertical control button of explosion-proof casing, 20-2 horizontal control button of secondary transmission mechanism , 20-3 Secondary transmission mechanism vertical control button, 21-1 Start button, 21-2 Record button, 21-3 Save button, 21-4 Export button, 21-5 End button, 22-LCD display, 23- Three-phase 220V power socket.

Detailed ways

The present invention discloses a non-contact measurement system and method for roadway/tunnel surface displacement. In order to make the advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Shown in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the non-contact measuring system of the lane/tunnel surface displacement of the present invention is mainly composed of explosion-proof casing 1, load-bearing steel frame 2, telescopic stand 3, 3D model machine 4, power supply 5, control Chip and SD card integrated system 6, electronic recorder and analyzer 7, telescopic roller 8, electronic registration instrument 9, secondary vertical transmission mechanism 10, automatic steering servo 11, laser range finder 12, secondary horizontal transmission mechanism 13. Lighting LED explosion-proof lamp 14, data transmission line 15, telescopic pull rod 16, USB data transmission interface 17, RJ45 network interface 18, charging display light 19, explosion-proof casing vertical control button 20-1, secondary transmission mechanism horizontal control button 20-2, secondary transmission mechanism vertical control button 20-3, start button 21-1, record button 21-2, save button 21-3, export button 21-4, end button 21-5, liquid crystal display 22, Three-phase 220V power outlet 23 constitutes.

3D model machine 4, power supply 5, control chip and SD card integrated system 6, electronic recorder and analyzer 7, electronic registration instrument 9 and data transmission line 15 are arranged in sequence in the explosion-proof casing 1. As shown in Figure 2, the left side of the explosion-proof casing 1 is provided with a telescopic pull rod 16, a USB data transmission interface 17, and an RJ45 network interface 18, and the right side is provided with a laser rangefinder 12, an automatic steering gear 11, and a secondary transmission The mechanism is composed of a secondary vertical transmission mechanism 10 and a secondary horizontal transmission mechanism 13 and is consolidated with the automatic steering steering gear 11.

The laser rangefinder 12 is composed of a laser transmitter and a laser receiver. The automatic steering servo 11 is consolidated with the laser rangefinder 12. By controlling the automatic steering servo 11, the laser measuring instrument 12 is driven to rotate 360° in the circumferential direction. At the same time, the laser The rangefinder 12 uses the steering gear to intermittently emit laser light to the surrounding rocks of the roadway and receives the reflected laser light, and then the designed computer program automatically calculates the time difference between transmission and reception, and calculates the current value of the distance between the surrounding rocks of the roadway through the calculation formula of the laser propagation distance and sort the data.

The top is provided with a charging display light 19, an explosion-proof casing vertical control button 20-1, a secondary transmission mechanism horizontal control button 20-2, a secondary transmission mechanism vertical control button 20-3, a start button 21-1, and a record button 21- 2. A save button 21 - 3 , an export button 21 - 4 , an end button 21 - 5 , and a liquid crystal display 22 .

The front side of the explosion-proof casing 1 is equipped with an LED explosion-proof lamp 14 for lighting. The front side of the explosion-proof casing 1 is provided with a three-phase 220V power socket 23 for charging. Frame 3, roller 8. The power supply 5 adopts an explosion-proof lithium ion battery and a safety protection type lithium battery charging board, and the secondary vertical transmission mechanism 10, the automatic steering gear 11, the laser range finder 12 and the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism 13 are connected by an internal circuit.

Control chip and SD card integrated system 6 The electronic compass is used to locate the measurement direction, and the control chip and SD card integrated system 6 respectively controls the 3D model machine 4, electronic recorder and analyzer 7, electronic registration instrument 9, and the secondary vertical transmission mechanism 10. Automatic steering gear 11, laser range finder 12, secondary horizontal transmission mechanism 13, explosion-proof casing vertical control button 20-1, secondary transmission mechanism horizontal control button 20-2, secondary transmission mechanism vertical control button 20 -3. Start button 21-1, record button 21-2, save button 21-3, export button 21-4, end button 21-5, and liquid crystal display 22 for control.

The laser rangefinder 12 digitizes the collected roadway surface deformation data through the electronic recorder and analyzer 7 and the electronic registration instrument 9, calculates and transmits it to the 3D model machine 4 through related software, and finally stores it in the control chip and SD card. Card Integration System6.

Related software such as calculation software unit is composed of measurement data output unit, deformation analysis unit and 3D model construction unit. The measurement data output unit can export the original data of roadway surface deformation, the deformation analysis unit can calculate the deformation of surrounding rock in the roadway, and the 3D model construction unit can be obtained through Analyze the data deformation of each measuring point in the roadway to build a 3D model.

The non-contact measurement method of the displacement of the roadway/tunnel surface adopts the above-mentioned system, and the specific operation process is as follows:

(1) Select the roadway area to be measured in the mine, mark the measurement base point according to the roadway section, retract the lower moving wheel 8 of the explosion-proof casing 1 and adjust the measuring device 20-1 to move vertically to the base point, and open the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism 13 and The secondary vertical transmission mechanism 10 places the automatic steering gear 11 at the level according to the electronic compass, that is, adjusts the level of the laser measuring device for surface deformation of the roadway surrounding rock;

(2) Turn on the laser transmitter 12 before the formal measurement to adjust the emitted light to be perpendicular to the center line of the roadway, so as to ensure that the laser range finder 12 consolidated with the automatic steering steering gear 11 in the roadway surrounding rock surface deformation laser measurement device can be aligned with the center line of the roadway vertical;

(3) Start the automatic steering steering gear 11 after setting the rotation angle rate, start the laser ranging function of the control chip 6 through the start button 21-1, and press 1, 2, 3... to input the surrounding rock after the automatic steering steering gear 11 rotates one week Number the measuring point and start measuring;

(4) The measurement point data is analyzed by the electronic recorder 7 to calculate the spatial coordinates of the surrounding rock, and the electronic analyzer 7 and the electronic registration instrument 9 are used to count and analyze the measurement point coordinates to obtain the deformation of the surrounding rock, and observe the surrounding rock image on the display screen After the error is correct, start the record 21-2 button, and the measurement data of the roadway surrounding rock will be automatically saved to the SD card 6;

(5) When the surrounding rock measurement of the roadway section ends, the display screen 22 of the device shows that the measurement is completed, and the secondary transmission mechanism can be operated to extend the transmission arm to move the surface deformation laser rangefinder 12 of the roadway surrounding rock to measure the deformation of the adjacent surrounding rock section data;

(6) After the measurement of all the base points of this section of roadway is finished, start the data export 21-4 button to transmit the data to the 3D model machine 4 to carry out data analysis through relevant software, and carry out the deformation of each measuring point according to the original data of the surrounding rock deformation of the export monitoring Analyze and draw a 3D cross-sectional view of each measuring point of the roadway section.

Figure 5 shows the measurement flow chart, and the measurement process is described according to the instructions in the figure:

(1) The device for constructing a three-dimensional model of surface deformation of surrounding rock in the roadway includes power supply, LED explosion-proof lamp, automatic steering gear, transmission mechanism, laser range finder, control chip, SD data memory card, data transmission line and software processing unit;

(2) The power supply is the LED explosion-proof lamp, automatic steering gear, transmission mechanism, laser range finder, control chip, SD data storage card, data transmission line, software processing unit, etc. of the device;

(3) The control chip controls the LED explosion-proof lamp, the laser range finder, the automatic steering gear, the transmission mechanism, the SD data storage card, and the software processing unit; the central control processor and the initial data storage are integrated on the control chip;

(4) The laser measurement module includes a secondary vertical transmission mechanism 10, an automatic steering gear 11, a laser rangefinder 12, and a secondary horizontal transmission mechanism 13. The laser rangefinder 12 is composed of a laser transmitter and a laser receiver, and is automatically turned The steering gear 11 drives the laser rangefinder to perform 360° circumferential rotation;

(5) The roadway data is collected by the laser measurement module and sent to the control chip for initial data storage for preliminary processing, and the electronic record and analyzer entering the software processing unit adds specific identifiers to indicate specific measurement points and measurement time, and these The data is imported into the electronic registration instrument through the data transmission line, and the position identification and data processing are carried out according to the identifier of each group of data, the actual deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway is judged, and the shape of the roadway and the deformation curve of any measuring point are automatically obtained;

(6) Import the processed surrounding rock deformation data into a 3D model machine to establish a three-dimensional structural model of the roadway surrounding rock, adopt the three-dimensional model construction device for the surface deformation of the roadway surrounding rock of the present invention to continuously measure the data of any measurement point in the underground, and carry out the deformation of the roadway surface Analyze and compare, and automatically build a 3D model.

The parts not mentioned in the present invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.

Although terms such as control chip and SD card integrated system 6 , electronic recorder and analyzer 7 , and retractable roller 8 are frequently used in this article, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used only for the purpose of describing and explaining the essence of the present invention more conveniently; interpreting them as any kind of additional limitation is against the spirit of the present invention.

It should be further explained that the specific embodiments described herein are only examples to illustrate the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar methods to replace them, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definition of the appended claims range.

Claims (10)

1. A non-contact measuring system for roadway/tunnel surface displacement, which includes explosion-proof casing, data measuring system, central control system, measuring and positioning system, data transmission system, data analysis and processing system and display system, characterized in that: The data measurement system is installed on the right side of the explosion-proof casing, and the data measurement system includes a secondary vertical transmission mechanism, a secondary horizontal transmission mechanism, a laser range finder and an automatic steering servo, and the laser range finder Fixedly connected with the automatic steering steering gear, the automatic steering steering gear can drive the laser rangefinder to perform a 360° circumferential rotation, and the secondary vertical transmission mechanism and the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism drive the automatic steering Steering gear movement; The measurement and positioning system is used to control the movement of the secondary vertical transmission mechanism and the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism; The data transmission system is used to receive the data obtained by the data measurement system and transmit it to the data storage system at the same time; The data analysis and processing system includes an electronic recorder that obtains a three-dimensional point cloud array by analyzing spatial coordinate information, an electronic analyzer that determines deformation standards by extracting multi-plane features, and an electronic registration instrument that cooperates with image matching and system calibration time and space And a 3D model machine synthesized by RGB image processing; the data analysis and processing system is used to analyze the data in the data storage system; The central control system is used for signal control of the data measurement system, measurement positioning system, data transmission system and data analysis and processing system. 2. The non-contact measurement system of a kind of lane/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data storage system includes a control chip and an SD card integrated system, and the laser range finder collects The roadway surface deformation data is digitally processed and passed through the electronic recorder, electronic analyzer and electronic registration instrument, combined with relevant software to calculate and transmit to the 3D model machine, and stored in the integrated system of the control chip and SD card. 3. The non-contact measurement system of a roadway/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, wherein a control chip is arranged in the central control system, and the data measurement system is controlled by the control chip. , measurement and positioning system, data transmission system and data analysis and processing system for signal control. 4. A non-contact measurement system for roadway/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the measurement and positioning system includes a primary transmission mechanism and an electronic compass for controlling the secondary vertical transmission The movement of the mechanism and the secondary horizontal transmission mechanism. 5. The non-contact measurement system of a kind of roadway/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: said data transmission system comprises a data transmission line, a USB data transmission interface and an RJ45 network interface, and said data transmission line It is arranged in the explosion-proof casing, and the USB data transmission interface and the RJ45 network interface are arranged on the left side of the explosion-proof casing. 6. The non-contact measuring system of a kind of lane/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: an LED explosion-proof lamp and a power socket for lighting are installed on the front side of the explosion-proof casing. A power supply is also arranged in the explosion-proof casing, and the power supply adopts an explosion-proof lithium ion battery and a safety protection lithium battery charging board. 7. A non-contact measurement system for roadway/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: said electronic recorder, electronic analyzer, and electronic registration instrument are all installed in said explosion-proof casing . 8. A non-contact measurement system for roadway/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the display system includes a liquid crystal digital display screen, a laser range finder horizontal movement control button, a laser range finder Vertical movement control button, explosion-proof housing vertical movement control button, start button, end button, record button, save button, export button and charging indicator light. 9. A non-contact measurement system for roadway/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower part of the explosion-proof casing is provided with a load-bearing steel frame and a telescopic stand, and its bottom is provided with scroll wheel. 10. A non-contact measurement system for roadway/tunnel surface displacement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser rangefinder includes a laser transmitter and a laser receiver.