CN109470198A - A kind of monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection - Google Patents
A kind of monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection Download PDFInfo
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- CN109470198A CN109470198A CN201910027404.2A CN201910027404A CN109470198A CN 109470198 A CN109470198 A CN 109470198A CN 201910027404 A CN201910027404 A CN 201910027404A CN 109470198 A CN109470198 A CN 109470198A
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- inclinometer
- soft rock
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of monitoring methods of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection, comprising the following steps: 1) drills；2) inclinometer pipe is installed；3) sliding inclinometer is installed；4) acquisition system is connected.Using method of the invention, the deflection for facing sky tunnel face can be measured, the internal displacement of vertical working free face can also be measured simultaneously, can determine reasonable supporting parameter and suitable supporting time with the changing rule of actual response roadway surrounding rock internal displacement.The present invention uses sliding inclinometer sensor and real-time acquisition system automatic collection measurement data, both the deflection for facing sky tunnel face can be measured, the internal displacement of vertical working free face can also be measured simultaneously, it can be with the changing rule of actual response roadway surrounding rock internal displacement creep at any time, therefore, it is obtained for the key parameter real-time and precise of the soft rock roadway support design of deep mining, provides the ideal method of key parameter acquisition for the soft rock roadway support design under different geological conditions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of mine safety, and in particular to a kind of monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection.
Background technique
High temperature, high pressure, heavily stressed disturbance are often brought in mine deep recovery process, lead to the change of roadway surrounding rock
Shape amount increasingly increases, and especially for the soft rock that geological conditions is poor, deflection is even more to be difficult to accurately estimate, and leads to tunnel branch
It is bigger to protect difficulty, and since each mining geology condition is different, even if same mine difference middle section tunnel geological conditions is in the presence of poor
Different, supporting parameter can not seek unity of standard.Due to the supporting standard parameter that soft rock supporting is not unified, it is necessary to be obtained according to field condition
Crucial supporting parameter is taken, and soft rock supporting deflection and deformation time are the fundamental parameters that supporting calculates.Existing monitoring
Means mainly use roadway convergence meter, surface displacement meter, mutually indepedent, the big, creep for soft-rock slope amount between each sensor
Time is long, and time effect influences big situation and is applicable in the method that effect is poor, partially uses fixed measuring point timing laser measurement, measurement
Method is simple and convenient, but can not accomplish real-time measurement, it is thus impossible to accurately obtain the time that deformation occurs, it is difficult to grasp soft
Rock gangway road creep time rule, can not provide reasonable foundation to the selection of support pattern and supporting parameter, lead to supporting intensity
Deficiency is repeatedly reprocessed or the waste of supporting excess material causes economic loss.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of prisons of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection that roadway deformation amount can be monitored in real time
Survey method solves the problems, such as to be difficult to grasp soft-rock tunnel creep time rule at present.
The monitoring method of this Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
1) drill: the driving in tunnel when head choose monitoring point, then tunnel top plate, two help carry out drilling construction；
2) inclinometer pipe is installed: inclinometer pipe being placed in drilling, symmetrical two notches of inclinometer pipe answer vertical working surface
It places, other two symmetrical notch is parallel to tunnel surface, then the high pressure water injection silt particle between inclinometer pipe and drilling country rock wall
Slurry, makes to form concrete structure around inclinometer pipe, and inclinometer pipe is completely fixed in drilling, then measures inclinometer pipe azimuth and brill
Hole aperture coordinate simultaneously records measurement data；
3) sliding inclinometer is installed: sliding inclinometer being installed in inclinometer pipe, the probe of sliding inclinometer is led
Take turns holding in the notch of inclinometer pipe, then will probe guide wheel be placed into inclinometer pipe bosom so that in inclinometer bottommost biography
Sensor is located at deviational survey bottom of the tube, wherein probe guide wheel vertical working surface direction installation, after the installation is completed, by the number of inclinometer
According to line extraction and capped inclinometer pipe；
4) it connects acquisition system: the data line of inclinometer in step 3) being connected with corresponding acquisition system, is being acquired
Automatic collection is set in system, every setting time, acquires the angle value that sliding inclinometer measures, then acquisition system according to
The angle value measured, is converted into shift value, realizes the real-time monitoring of roadway displacement.
In the step 1), the quantity of drilling is 4~6, and drilling and tunnelling face angle are 45 degree, and drilling depth is
5m, bore diameter 90mm.
In the step 2), the length of inclinometer pipe is 5m, and the diameter of inclinometer pipe is 70mm.
In the step 3), sliding inclinometer includes smart electronics chipset, and it is stainless to be equipped with two groups of probe guide wheels
Steel connecting rod, detachable bottom cushion, sensor and universal joint；Stainless steel connecting rod is hollow pipe, internal setting 3
Sensor；It is connected between every two sensor by universal joint；Sensor and smart electronics chipset pass through cable connection；Intelligence
Electronic chip group is assemblied in the top of stainless steel connecting rod；Stainless steel connecting rod bottom is fixedly connected with detachable bottom buffering
Pad.
The sensor is double-shaft tilt angle 3DMEMS sensor, and the number of sensor is 3, can survey the position of both direction
Shifting value；Smart electronics chipset is model JMJL-1021RD；The spacing L of two groups of probe guide wheels is 500mm.
In the step 4), acquisition system is JMZX-32A/AB data collection system, setting time 1min.
In the step 4), sliding inclinometer measures the tiltangleθ 1 and θ 2 of two groups of probe guide wheels, then the portion of connecting rod
The horizontal displacement divided can be treated to be Δ i=L/2*sin θ 1+L/2*sin θ 2.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1) using method of the invention, can measure the deflection for facing sky tunnel face, can also be with
The internal displacement of vertical working free face is measured simultaneously, can be determined with the changing rule of actual response roadway surrounding rock internal displacement
Reasonable supporting parameter and suitable supporting time.2) there are several sensors, Mei Gechuan in sliding inclinometer of the invention
The accurate time service of sensor, timing acquiring data, data acquiring frequency can be reduced to measurement per minute, reach the effect acquired in real time
Fruit, meanwhile, the shift value of time point all the sensors passback can be obtained by accurate time service, for roadway surrounding rock creep
When the relationship analysis that influences each other it is particularly significant.3) invention uses sliding inclinometer sensor and real-time acquisition system automatic collection
Measurement data can both measure the deflection for facing sky tunnel face, can also measure the internal displacement of vertical working free face simultaneously,
It can be with the changing rule of actual response roadway surrounding rock internal displacement creep at any time, therefore, for the soft-rock tunnel of deep mining
The key parameter real-time and precise of design of its support obtains, and provides key for the soft rock roadway support design under different geological conditions
The ideal method that parameter obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Schematic side view is arranged in drilling in Fig. 1 the present embodiment；
Schematic front view is arranged in drilling in Fig. 2 the present embodiment；
Scheme of installation in Fig. 3 the present embodiment；
The top view of Fig. 4 the present embodiment scheme of installation；
The structural schematic diagram of sliding inclinometer in Fig. 5 the present embodiment；
Fig. 6 sliding inclinometer is displaced schematic diagram calculation；
Fig. 7 displacement changing curve schematic diagram；Wherein sign represents the both forward and reverse directions of displacement data；
Wherein: 1 tunnel, 2 drillings, 3 inclinometer pipes, 4 concrete, 5 sliding inclinometers, 6 data collection systems, 7 displacements；
8 apertures；9 bottom holes；
31 notches, 51 probe guide wheels, 52, smart electronics chipset, 53 data lines, 54 stainless steel connecting tubes, 55 is detachable
Formula bottom bumper pad, 56 sensors, 57 universal joints.
Specific embodiment
Drilling: the driving in tunnel (1) works as head, completes to select monitoring point when slagging tap after sinking and blasting, in top plate, two lateral walls
It constructs 5 and drills (2), the distribution of drilling is as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, has 3 drillings (2) on top plate, two lateral walls respectively have 1 brill
Hole (2), drilling (2) and tunnel (1) development end angle are 45 degree, and drilling (2) depth is that 5m (can also be according to wall rock condition or loosening
Circle voluntarily selects), drill (2) diameter 90mm.
Inclinometer pipe is installed: inclinometer pipe (3) being installed in drilling, as shown in figure 3, inclinometer pipe (3) bottom is coniform, installation
When, symmetrical two notches of inclinometer pipe (3) answer vertical working (1) surface to place, after inclinometer pipe is placed, in inclinometer pipe
(3) the high pressure water injection cement mortar between drilling (2) country rock wall makes to form concrete structure (4) around inclinometer pipe (3), inclinometer pipe
(3) it is completely fixed in drilling (2), then measures inclinometer pipe azimuth and drilling orifice coordinate and records measurement data.
Assemble sliding inclinometer: the structure of the sliding inclinometer (5) in the present embodiment is as shown in figure 4, include intelligence
Energy electronic chip group (52), is equipped with two groups of probe guide wheel (51) stainless steel connecting rods (54), detachable bottom cushion
(55), 3 sensors (56) and 2 universal joints (57)；Stainless steel connecting rod (54) is hollow pipe, is internally provided with 3 biographies
Sensor (56)；It is connected between every two sensor (56) by universal joint (57)；Sensor (56) and smart electronics chipset
(52) pass through cable connection；Smart electronics chipset (52) is assemblied in the top of stainless steel connecting rod (54)；Stainless steel connecting rod
Bottom is fixedly connected with detachable bottom cushion (5-5).The overall length of 3 sensors (56) and universal joint (57) is 700mm,
The spacing L of two groups of probe guide wheels is 500mm.The sensor (56) is 3DMEMS sensor, has 3D-MEMS in the sensor
The silicon capacitive sensing element of inclination angle chip, internal inclination angle chip is made of 3 layers of silicon wafer, forms stereochemical structure, when sensor is sent out
When raw inclination, certain side is inclined in intermediate mass sector-meeting, so that the capacitor of two sides be made to change, can be reflected accordingly by voltage value
Acceleration value convert thereof into change of pitch angle, and then calculate angle value by measuring the variation of static weight acceleration.
Install sliding inclinometer: the installation of sliding inclinometer (5) is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5, by sliding inclinometer
(5) probe guide wheel (51) holding in the notch (31) of inclinometer pipe (3), then will probe guide wheel (51) to be placed into inclinometer pipe most deep
Place, so that the sensor (56) of bottommost is located at deviational survey bottom of the tube in sliding inclinometer, wherein probe guide wheel (51) is vertical
Tunnel surface direction installation, after the installation is completed, by sliding inclinometer (5) data line (53) extraction and capped inclinometer pipe.
Acquisition system: the model JMZX-32A/AB data collection system of acquisition system (6) in the present embodiment is connected, it is sliding
The data line (53) of dynamic formula inclinometer (5) model JMQJ-7415 shares 4, and wherein red line is power positive line, and black line is electricity
Source negative line；White line is the pole connection A, and green line is the pole connection B.Red, the black line of sliding inclinometer (5) are connected to acquisition system
The power output end of system (6), white, green line are connected to the RS485 output end of data collection system (6).The power supply of acquisition system (6)
Input termination 12V DC power supply, RS485 input terminal are directly connected to the RS485 converter that acquisition system picks out, and setting bus acquires
System realizes unattended backstage automatic data collection, and it is primary that every 1 minute acquisition data are arranged in system.
The sensor of inclinometer is passed to by the probe assembly of inclinometer pipe and inclinometer when tunnel deforms, and is then led to
It crosses smart electronics chipset to export to data collection system, to realize the real-time monitoring of deflection.
Monitor angle-data and calculate displacement: sliding inclinometer uses automatic data acquisition system (ADAS), when supporting rock mass reaches
Inclinometer can be recycled when to stationary phase, continue that it is same that multiple sections also can be set when head recycles in tunnelling section
When acquire data, the reliability of monitoring data is improved, according to the supporting parameter of the deformation values of actual measurement modification part and suitable
Supporting time.As can be seen from Fig. 6: wherein Δ i is horizontal displacement to Δ i=Lsin θ, and L is the guide wheel normal pitch of gauge head
500mm, Acquisition Instrument can directly read horizontal displacement Δ i.The total level displacement at any place known to i.e. is δ=Σ Δ i.This reality
Applying in example two probe guide wheels has connecting rod connection, between a length of L of connecting rod, the inclination angle that two probe guide wheels measure is θ 1, θ 2, then
The horizontal displacement of the part of connecting rod can be treated to be Δ i=L/2*sin θ 1+L/2*sin θ 2, using this Computing Principle by monitoring angle
Angle value conversion is calculated as shift value.
Analysis on monitoring data: X is acquired by double-shaft tilt angle 3DMEMS sensor, Y-direction is displaced, double-shaft tilt angle 3DMEMS biography
Sensor can measure the displacement of both direction in planar range, and generally using being one displacement of synthesis, this uses logical
The direction for crossing installation sensor is directly displaced using the both direction measured, the more displacement of actual response tunnel both direction
Variation is that the displacement data in direction and the displacement data along the tunnel tunnel Lin Kong are moved towards along tunnel, displacement data combination deviational survey sensing
The inclinometer pipe of the installation site and data acquisition time of device, monitoring observes data, compared with original observation data, so that it may
The variation of deviational survey amount is found out, each section in inclinometer pipe depth of displacement can be found out, these offsets are deviated with initial observation
The deviation for comparing accumulated forms a curve of deviation such as Fig. 7 at any time, respectively corresponds to roadway surrounding rock and moves towards along tunnel
The displacement in direction and face the curve relation figure of the displacement and drilling depth in sky tunnel within each time.Judge after explosion
The deflection of one time soft-rock tunnel at any time, the real-time deformation rule in after reaction soft rock tunnels and Bracing Process tunnel；It determines
Country rock of soft rock roadway plastic failure, rock deformation, deformation time, information is more accurately and timely.Method of the invention can be realized
The accurate assurance of the Precise spraying of roadway support parameter, supporting time has important value to Deep Soft Rock Tunnel supporting.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection, comprising the following steps:
1) drill: the driving in tunnel when head choose monitoring point, then tunnel top plate, two help carry out drilling construction；
2) inclinometer pipe to be installed: inclinometer pipe is placed in drilling, symmetrical two notches of inclinometer pipe answer vertical working surface to place,
Other two symmetrical notch is parallel to tunnel surface, and then the high pressure water injection cement mortar between inclinometer pipe and drilling country rock wall, makes
Concrete structure is formed around inclinometer pipe, inclinometer pipe is completely fixed in drilling, then measures inclinometer pipe azimuth and drilling hole
Mouth coordinate simultaneously records measurement data；
3) sliding inclinometer is installed: sliding inclinometer being installed in inclinometer pipe, by the probe guide wheel card of sliding inclinometer
Set in the notch of inclinometer pipe, then will probe guide wheel be placed into inclinometer pipe bosom so that in inclinometer bottommost sensor
Be located at deviational survey bottom of the tube, wherein probe guide wheel vertical working surface direction installation, after the installation is completed, by the data line of inclinometer
Extraction and capped inclinometer pipe；
4) it connects acquisition system: the data line of inclinometer in step 3) being connected with corresponding acquisition system, in acquisition system
Middle setting automatic collection acquires the angle value that sliding inclinometer measures every setting time, and then acquisition system is according to measuring
Angle value, be converted into shift value, realize the real-time monitoring of roadway displacement.
2. the monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1)
In, the quantity of drilling is 4~6, and drilling and tunnelling face angle are 45 degree, drilling depth 5m, bore diameter 90mm.
3. the monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2)
In, the length of inclinometer pipe is 5m, and the diameter of inclinometer pipe is 70mm.
4. the monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3)
In, sliding inclinometer includes smart electronics chipset, is equipped with two groups of probe guide wheel stainless steel connecting rods, detachable bottom
Portion's cushion, several sensors and universal joint；Stainless steel connecting rod is hollow pipe, internal that 3 sensors are arranged；Every two
It is connected between sensor by universal joint；Sensor and smart electronics chipset pass through cable connection；The assembling of smart electronics chip
Top assigned in stainless steel connecting rod；Stainless steel connecting rod bottom is fixedly connected with detachable bottom cushion.
5. the monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the sensor
For double-shaft tilt angle 3DMEMS sensor, the number of sensor is 3, can survey the shift value of both direction；Smart electronics chipset
For model JMJL-1021RD；The spacing L of two groups of probe guide wheels is 500mm.
6. the monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4)
In, acquisition system is JMZX-32A/AB data collection system, setting time 1min.
7. the monitoring method of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel deflection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4)
In, sliding inclinometer measures the tiltangleθ 1 and θ 2 of two groups of probe guide wheels, then the horizontal displacement of the part of connecting rod can be handled
For Δ i=L/2*sin θ 1+L/2*sin θ 2.
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| CN111577360A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-25 | 中南大学 | Recoverable acquisition instrument for real-time observation of stress characteristic and vibration characteristic of stope surrounding rock and use method |
| CN112097726A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-18 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Device and method for measuring expansion deformation of protected layer |
| CN114018149A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-08 | 广东工业大学 | Vertical direction deformation displacement detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN114777729A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-07-22 | 安徽建筑大学 | Test analysis method and system for stress field deflection after roadway excavation |
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| CN110057331A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of tunnel roadway surrounding rock surface and deep soils integrated apparatus and method |
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| CN114018149A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-08 | 广东工业大学 | Vertical direction deformation displacement detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN114777729A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-07-22 | 安徽建筑大学 | Test analysis method and system for stress field deflection after roadway excavation |
| CN114777729B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-03-10 | 安徽建筑大学 | Method and system for testing and analyzing deflection of stress field after roadway excavation |
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Application publication date: 20190315 |