CN110862845A - Pressurized gasification device and method for downward cooling and staged washing of synthesis gas - Google Patents
Pressurized gasification device and method for downward cooling and staged washing of synthesis gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN110862845A CN110862845A CN201910984139.7A CN201910984139A CN110862845A CN 110862845 A CN110862845 A CN 110862845A CN 201910984139 A CN201910984139 A CN 201910984139A CN 110862845 A CN110862845 A CN 110862845A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/085—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors two direct washing treatments, one with an aqueous liquid and one with a non-aqueous liquid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
- C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas
Abstract
The invention provides a dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device and a method for cooling and washing synthesis gas in a descending and grading way, wherein the device comprises: the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace shell which is vertically arranged and is a pressure container, wherein a gasification furnace reaction chamber is formed at the upper part in the gasification furnace shell, burners communicated to the gasification furnace reaction chamber are arranged at the top of the gasification furnace shell along the vertical direction, and a liquid slag hole is formed at the lower part of the gasification furnace reaction chamber and communicated to a synthetic gas cooling chamber at the lower part of the gasification furnace shell through the liquid slag hole; the top of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is provided with a desuperheating water nozzle, the middle part of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, and the bottom of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is a water tank; and a staged scrubbing device connected downstream of the syngas outlet. The invention avoids using a chilling ring, avoids common technical problems such as the clogging of the chilling ring and the like, guides the cooled synthesis gas out of the gasification furnace for washing treatment, avoids the corrosion or the clogging of the inside of the gasification furnace by excessive grey water, and improves the cleaning effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy chemical industry, in particular to a pressurized gasification device for downward cooling and staged washing of synthesis gas.
Background
The energy source endowments of China are rich coal, lack of oil and little gas. The coal gasification technology is a leading technology in the fields of energy and chemical industry such as coal clean raw materials, coal chemical industry, IGCC power generation and the like. Based on coal gas, the method can not only prepare gasoline and diesel oil, methane, methanol, ethanol and other fuels, but also replace the chemical production requirement of taking petroleum and natural gas as raw materials. Therefore, developing a clean, efficient, safe and reliable coal gasification technology is an effective way to reduce the dependence on oil and gas resources.
In the quench flow design of the current pulverized coal pressure gasification process (typically CN109666512A), the following common problems are prevalent:
(1) the annular space between the gasification furnace shell and the water-cooled wall is small, and high-temperature gas reversely flows to the annular space in the starting and stopping processes of the gasification furnace and the industrial and mining fluctuation process, so that the annular space is over-heated, and the whole device is caused to jump;
(2) the water-cooled wall is mostly designed by adopting a coil pipe, a single pipeline is long, the heat load is high, and overtemperature tube explosion of the water-cooled wall is easy to occur;
(3) due to cyclic utilization of ash water, the chilling ring is easy to block and wear after long-time running, and when the chilling ring is blocked and seriously worn, a liquid film of the descending cylinder is difficult to maintain, so that the descending cylinder is over-heated;
(4) the chilling ring descending cylinder and the washing tower are adopted to chill and wash the synthesis gas, the ash removal efficiency is poor, the synthesis gas is easy to carry water and ash, the normal operation of a downstream device is severely restricted, and even the shutdown of the whole device is caused.
Based on the problem that exists above, need urgently to provide a novel fine coal pressure gasification device, improve the security and the reliability of gasification operation, improve synthetic gas deashing efficiency simultaneously, solve and send to the problem that low reaches synthetic gas area water, area ash.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the utility model provides a pressurized gasification device of synthetic gas down cooling stage washing, solves the above-mentioned technical problem that exists among the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a dry pulverized coal pressure gasification equipment of synthetic gas downstream cooling washing in grades which characterized in that includes:
the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace shell which is vertically arranged and is a pressure container, wherein a gasification furnace reaction chamber is formed at the upper part in the gasification furnace shell, burners communicated to the gasification furnace reaction chamber are arranged at the top of the gasification furnace shell along the vertical direction, and a liquid slag hole is formed at the lower part of the gasification furnace reaction chamber and communicated to a synthetic gas cooling chamber at the lower part of the gasification furnace shell through the liquid slag hole; the top of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is provided with a desuperheating water nozzle, the middle part of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, and the bottom of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is a water tank;
a staged scrubbing device connected downstream of the syngas outlet.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas is characterized in that: the liquid slag hole is in a shape which is contracted and then expanded.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas is characterized in that: the gasification furnace reaction chamber is formed by surrounding a tube array type water-cooled wall, and the water-cooled wall, a steam pocket and a circulating water pump form a circulating loop.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas is characterized in that: the outer wall of the gasification furnace shell is also provided with a water cooling sleeve.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas is characterized in that: the temperature reducing nozzle adopts mechanical atomization, and the maximum particle size of atomized liquid drops is less than 800 microns.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas is characterized in that: the grading washing device comprises a bubbling washing tower, a first-level Venturi scrubber, a first-level Venturi separator, a second-level Venturi scrubber and a plate-type washing tower which are sequentially connected.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas is characterized in that: the bubbling washing tower is provided with a gas distributor, the water inlet of the bubbling washing tower is arranged at the upper part of the gas distributor, and the gas outlet of the gas distributor is arranged downwards.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas is characterized in that: the plate type washing tower is provided with a plurality of layers of tower trays, washing water of the plate type washing tower enters the plate type washing tower layer by layer, a middle layer of tower trays of the plurality of layers of tower trays are used for supplementing recycled grey water, and a top layer of tower trays of the plurality of layers of tower trays are used for supplementing clean deoxygenated water.
A dry pulverized coal pressure gasification method for downward cooling and staged washing of synthesis gas uses the dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for downward cooling and staged washing of synthesis gas, and is characterized in that:
feeding coal powder and oxygen into a reaction chamber of the gasification furnace through a burner, and reacting the coal powder and the oxygen to generate high-temperature synthesis gas and molten state ash; the high-temperature synthesis gas and the molten-state ash slag enter the synthesis gas cooling chamber through a liquid slag hole downwards to be mixed with atomized temperature reduction water for heat exchange, and the liquid slag falls into a water tank at the bottom of the synthesis gas cooling chamber after being cooled and is quenched into particles;
and the cooled synthesis gas enters a grading washing device through a synthesis gas outlet to be purified.
The dry pulverized coal pressure gasification method for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas comprises the following steps: the cooled synthesis gas enters a bubbling washing tower through a synthesis gas outlet for primary washing to remove coarse particles carried in the synthesis gas, and black water discharged from the bottom of the bubbling washing tower is subjected to primary water treatment and then recycled; the synthesis gas after primary dust removal enters a first-stage Venturi scrubber to wet particles in the synthesis gas, the particles and water are enhanced to be mixed, then the synthesis gas enters a first-stage Venturi separator, a second-stage Venturi scrubber and a plate type washing tower, the second-stage Venturi scrubber further wets fine particles in the synthesis gas, the fine particles enter the plate type washing tower through an inlet distributor, the plate type washing tower is provided with a plurality of layers of tower trays, reclaimed ash water and alkali liquor are supplemented into the middle layer tower tray of the plurality of layers of tower trays to remove halogen in the synthesis gas, and clean desalted water is supplemented into the top layer tower tray of the plurality of layers of tower trays to ensure that the dust content of the synthesis gas at a dust removal outlet area is less than 1mg/Nm3。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the quench ring is not used any more, the common technical problems of blockage of the quench ring and the like are avoided, the cooled synthesis gas is guided out of the gasification furnace for washing treatment, the internal part of the gasification furnace is prevented from being corroded or blocked by excessive grey water, and the cleaning effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pressurized gasification apparatus for cooling and staged scrubbing syngas in a downward direction.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals: a gasification furnace reaction chamber I; a syngas cooling chamber II; a burner 1; a water cooling jacket 2; a gasifier shell 3; a water cooled wall 4; a water outlet 5; a liquid slag hole 6; a desuperheating water nozzle 7; a desuperheating water interface 8; a water inlet 9; a slag discharge port 10; a steam drum 11; a circulating water pump 12; a syngas outlet 13; a primary venturi scrubber 14; a bubble washing column 15; a secondary venturi scrubber 16; a plate washing tower 17; a primary venturi separator 18; an inlet distributor 19; a tray 20; a gas distributor 21.
Detailed Description
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below, by way of example and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a dry pulverized coal pressure gasification apparatus for cooling and washing syngas in stages, comprising:
the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace shell 3 which is vertically arranged and is a pressure container, wherein the upper part in the gasification furnace shell 3 is surrounded by a water-cooled wall 4 to form a gasification furnace reaction chamber I, the top of the gasification furnace shell 3 is provided with a burner 1 along the vertical direction, and the burner 1 is communicated with the gasification furnace reaction chamber I and can be used for enabling dry coal powder and a gasification agent to enter the gasification furnace reaction chamber I for reaction to generate high-temperature synthesis gas and molten ash; the lower part of the gasification furnace reaction chamber I is provided with a liquid slag hole 6 which is contracted and then expanded, and the liquid slag hole 6 is communicated to a synthesis gas cooling chamber II at the lower part of the gasification furnace shell 3, so that high-temperature synthesis gas carrying molten ash can enter the synthesis gas cooling chamber II through the liquid slag hole 6; the top of the synthesis gas cooling chamber II is provided with a temperature reduction water nozzle 7 which can continuously spray temperature reduction water to the synthesis gas cooling chamber II and is used for cooling the high-temperature synthesis gas entering the synthesis gas cooling chamber II and the molten ash carried by the synthesis gas cooling chamber II; the middle part of the synthetic gas cooling chamber II is provided with a synthetic gas outlet 13, the bottom part is provided with a water tank, after the high-temperature synthetic gas and the molten ash are cooled, the synthetic gas is sent out of the gasification furnace shell 3 through the synthetic gas outlet 13, the ash falls into the water tank and is discharged out of the gasification furnace shell 3 through a slag discharge port 10;
the grading washing device is connected with the downstream of the synthesis gas outlet 13 and comprises a bubbling washing tower 15, a primary venturi scrubber 14, a primary venturi separator 18, a secondary venturi scrubber 16 and a plate-type washing tower 17 which are connected in sequence; the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas outlet 13 is sent to a bubble washing tower 15 to remove coarse particles in the synthesis gas; the synthesis gas led out from the bubbling washing tower 15 is sent to a primary venturi scrubber 14, a primary venturi separator 18, a secondary venturi scrubber 16 and a plate type washing tower 17 for fine dust removal; the scrubbed clean syngas is sent to downstream processes.
The water-cooled wall 4, the steam drum 11 and the circulating water pump 12 form a circulating loop, so that the water-cooled wall 4 can absorb heat of high-temperature synthesis gas in the reaction chamber I of the gasification furnace and transfer the heat to the steam drum 11 for steam users to use, once water in the steam drum 11 is used, boiler water is added to maintain water balance; in order to prevent the water liquid in the water-cooled wall 4 from being overheated due to long-time heating, the water-cooled wall 4 adopts a tubular water-cooled wall, the circulation path of each row of pipelines is shortened (the circulation rate of the water-cooled wall 4 is preferably 15-40), and overheating is avoided; and the inner wall of the water-cooled wall 4 is coated with refractory materials.
Wherein, 3 outer walls of gasifier casing still are provided with water cooling jacket 2 in order to protect, water cooling jacket 2's effect is protection gasifier casing 3, makes it not surpass the design temperature, and water cooling jacket 2 minimum arrangement position is the minimum liquid level of the pond of synthetic gas cooling chamber II bottom, and the highest maximum height position that can only gasifier casing 3 of position of arranging, cooling water gets into by the lower inlet 9 in water cooling jacket 2, sends out from the delivery port 5 of top, can set up the water conservancy diversion passageway in water cooling jacket 2 inside to ensure that it does not appear flowing dead zone.
In the above embodiment, the gasification device is a dry-method feeding pressurized entrained-flow bed gasification furnace, the gasification pressure is 0.6-4.5 MPa, and the reaction temperature is 1300-1700 ℃.
The gasification raw material of the gasification device can be powder made of carbon-containing raw materials such as coal, coke, semicoke, petroleum coke and the like, and the gasification agent can be oxygen, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, oxygen-enriched air mixed with steam and carbon dioxide.
The gasification dry coal powder pressurized gasification device adopts dry-method feeding pressurized gasification, the product is synthesis gas, and the components mainly comprise CO and H2Others also include CO2、N2、H2S、COS、CH4、HCl、NH3HCN, etc.
The burner 1 achieves the functions of ignition, start-up and pulverized coal gasification feeding of the gasifier, the burner 1 is provided with a plurality of layers of channels and a water-cooling protection device, and gasification raw materials, gasification agents, ignition, start-up raw materials and combustion improvers are fed into a gasification reaction chamber I through different channels of the burner 1.
The gasification device adopts liquid slag discharge, the gasification raw material and the gasification agent generate high-temperature gasification reaction in the gasification furnace reaction chamber I, and the generated liquid slag enters the synthesis gas cooling chamber II through the liquid slag hole 6.
The liquid slag hole 6 is a horn mouth with a downward opening, and the horn mouth is provided with an eave structure to guide the liquid slag, so that the liquid slag can flow downwards and fall down.
The desuperheating water is sent into the gasification furnace through a desuperheating water connector 8, atomized through a desuperheating nozzle 7 and then sent into a synthesis gas cooling chamber II, a plurality of desuperheating nozzles 7 are arranged for ensuring the high-temperature synthesis gas to be fully cooled, and the cross section of the synthesis gas cooling chamber II is completely distributed with the desuperheating water by combining the arrangement of hydrodynamics and evaporation heat exchange characteristics.
The temperature-reducing nozzle 7 adopts mechanical atomization, the temperature-reducing water can be single-phase atomization or multiphase auxiliary atomization, and the maximum liquid drop particle size of the temperature-reducing water after the temperature-reducing water is atomized by the temperature-reducing nozzle 7 is less than 800 microns.
The bubble scrubbing tower 15 is used for carrying out primary dust removal on the synthesis gas and mainly removing coarse particles in the synthesis gas, and the bubble scrubbing tower 15 is provided with a gas distributor 21.
The water inlet of the bubble scrubbing tower 15 is arranged at the upper part, and the gas outlet of the gas distributor 21 is downward.
The primary venturi scrubber 14 wets particles in the synthesis gas, enhances the mixing of the particles and water, and combines the secondary venturi scrubber 16 and the plate type scrubbing tower 17 to perform fine dust removal on the synthesis gas, the secondary venturi scrubber 16 further wets fine particles in the synthesis gas, and the fine particles enter the plate type scrubbing tower 17 through the inlet distributor 19, and the plate type scrubbing tower 17 is provided with the multilayer tower trays 20 to ensure the dust removal effect.
And the plate type washing tower 17 is used for washing, supplementing water and entering in layers, supplementing recycled grey water to the middle layer tower tray and supplementing clean deoxygenated water to the top layer tower tray.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
before feeding, establishing water circulation of the water cooling jacket 2, adding cooling water from a water inlet 9 of the water cooling jacket 2, and discharging from a water outlet 5; establishing water wall water 4 circulation, supplementing boiler water to the steam drum 11, starting a circulating pump 12, adding boiler water into the water wall 4 and returning the boiler water to the steam drum 11, supplementing the boiler water according to the steam yield and the sewage discharge amount before feeding and in the operation process, and maintaining the liquid level of the steam drum 11; establishing liquid levels of a synthesis gas cooling chamber II, a bubble washing tower 15 and a plate washing tower 17, and establishing water circulation; the temperature-reducing water nozzle 7 is started to spray temperature-reducing water.
Putting the burner 1 into a gasification furnace, igniting and boosting pressure during start-up, wherein the ignition and start-up raw materials are liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, diesel oil and oxidant thereof, and the oxidant is instrument air or oxygen; when the pressure of the gasification furnace is increased to be more than 4.0MPa, stabilizing for a period of time, and feeding coal powder and oxygen into a gasification furnace reaction chamber I through a burner 1, wherein the coal powder and the oxygen react to generate high-temperature synthesis gas and molten state ash; the high-temperature synthesis gas and the molten state ash slag downwards enter a synthesis gas cooling chamber II through a liquid slag hole 6 to be mixed with atomized desuperheating water for heat exchange, the liquid state slag falls into a water tank at the bottom of the synthesis gas cooling chamber II after being cooled to be quenched into particles, the particles are periodically discharged, and slag water is subjected to primary water treatment for recycling;
the cooled synthesis gas enters a bubble washing tower 15 through a synthesis gas outlet 13 for primary washing to remove coarse particles carried in the synthesis gas, the bubble washing tower 15 is provided with an inlet gas distributor 21 to improve the washing efficiency, and black water discharged from the bottom of the bubble washing tower 15 is recycled after primary water treatment; the synthesis gas after primary dust removal enters a first-stage Venturi scrubber 14 to wet particles in the synthesis gas, the mixture of the particles and water is enhanced, then the synthesis gas enters a first-stage Venturi separator 18, a second-stage Venturi scrubber 16 and a plate type scrubbing tower 17, the second-stage Venturi scrubber 16 further wets fine particles in the synthesis gas, the fine particles enter the plate type scrubbing tower 17 through an inlet distributor 19, the plate type scrubbing tower 17 is provided with a plurality of layers of tower trays 20, and the middle layer of tower trays are supplemented withReusing ash water and alkali liquor (removing halogen in synthetic gas), supplementing clean desalted water into the upper tower tray to ensure that the dust content of the synthetic gas in the dedusting outlet region is less than 1mg/Nm3。
The device can treat the pulverized coal by 100-4000 tons/day per day, the gasification pressure is 0.6-4.5 MPa, the reaction temperature is 1300-1700 ℃, coal is taken as a raw material, the weight component CO of the generated synthesis gas is approximately equal to 60-70 percent, and H is approximately equal to H2≈20％～30％、(CO+H2)≈91％。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
1. the water wall 4 of the invention is a tube type water wall, so that the heat load of a single water cooling tube is low, the allowable vapor content is high, and the efficiency and the safety are high.
2. The structure II of the synthesis gas cooling chamber does not use a chilling ring, thereby avoiding the problems of burning loss of a descending cylinder, blockage of the chilling ring, abrasion and the like when the chilling ring is adopted in the similar technology.
3. The water cooling jacket 2 is arranged outside the gasification furnace shell 3, so that the gasification furnace shell 3 is higher in safety, and the risk of device shutdown caused by annular space overtemperature is reduced.
4. The invention adopts the step washing of the synthesis gas, and the bubble washing tower 15 can effectively remove coarse particles and avoid the problems of tower blockage and the like; the fine cleaning adopts the cleaning mode of a first-stage Venturi scrubber 14, a first-stage Venturi separator 18, a second-stage Venturi scrubber 16 and a plate type cleaning tower 17, the dust removal precision is high, and the dust content of the synthesis gas is reduced to 1mg/Nm3The problems of water and ash in the synthesis gas of the similar device are avoided.
In a word, the dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device for the downward cooling and grading washing of the synthesis gas provided by the invention realizes the pressurized gasification of the pulverized coal, improves the safety and reliability of gasification operation, improves the ash removal efficiency of the synthesis gas, and solves the problems of water and ash in the synthesis gas sent to the downstream.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a dry pulverized coal pressure gasification equipment of synthetic gas downstream cooling washing in grades which characterized in that includes:
the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace shell which is vertically arranged and is a pressure container, wherein a gasification furnace reaction chamber is formed at the upper part in the gasification furnace shell, burners communicated to the gasification furnace reaction chamber are arranged at the top of the gasification furnace shell along the vertical direction, and a liquid slag hole is formed at the lower part of the gasification furnace reaction chamber and communicated to a synthetic gas cooling chamber at the lower part of the gasification furnace shell through the liquid slag hole; the top of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is provided with a desuperheating water nozzle, the middle part of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, and the bottom of the synthesis gas cooling chamber is a water tank;
a staged scrubbing device connected downstream of the syngas outlet.
2. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressurized gasification apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by: the liquid slag hole is in a shape which is contracted and then expanded.
3. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressurized gasification apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by: the gasification furnace reaction chamber is formed by surrounding a tube array type water-cooled wall, and the water-cooled wall, a steam pocket and a circulating water pump form a circulating loop.
4. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressurized gasification apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by: the outer wall of the gasification furnace shell is also provided with a water cooling sleeve.
5. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressurized gasification apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by: the temperature reducing nozzle adopts mechanical atomization, and the maximum particle size of atomized liquid drops is less than 800 microns.
6. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressurized gasification apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by: the grading washing device comprises a bubbling washing tower, a first-level Venturi scrubber, a first-level Venturi separator, a second-level Venturi scrubber and a plate-type washing tower which are sequentially connected.
7. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressurized gasification apparatus of claim 6 further characterized by: the bubbling washing tower is provided with a gas distributor, the water inlet of the bubbling washing tower is arranged at the upper part of the gas distributor, and the gas outlet of the gas distributor is arranged downwards.
8. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressurized gasification apparatus of claim 6 further characterized by: the plate type washing tower is provided with a plurality of layers of tower trays, washing water of the plate type washing tower enters the plate type washing tower layer by layer, a middle layer of tower trays of the plurality of layers of tower trays are used for supplementing recycled grey water, and a top layer of tower trays of the plurality of layers of tower trays are used for supplementing clean deoxygenated water.
9. A dry pulverized coal pressure gasification method of syngas downcooling staged washing, which uses the dry pulverized coal pressure gasification device of the syngas downcooling staged washing of claim 1, characterized in that:
feeding coal powder and oxygen into a reaction chamber of the gasification furnace through a burner, and reacting the coal powder and the oxygen to generate high-temperature synthesis gas and molten state ash; the high-temperature synthesis gas and the molten-state ash slag enter the synthesis gas cooling chamber through a liquid slag hole downwards to be mixed with atomized temperature reduction water for heat exchange, and the liquid slag falls into a water tank at the bottom of the synthesis gas cooling chamber after being cooled and is quenched into particles;
and the cooled synthesis gas enters a grading washing device through a synthesis gas outlet to be purified.
10. The syngas downdraft cooling staged scrubbing dry coal fines pressure gasification process of claim 9 further characterized by: the cooled synthesis gas enters a bubbling washing tower through a synthesis gas outlet for primary washing to remove coarse particles carried in the synthesis gas, and black water discharged from the bottom of the bubbling washing tower is subjected to primary water treatment and then recycled; the synthesis gas after primary dust removal enters a first-stage Venturi scrubber to wet particles in the synthesis gas, enhance the mixing of the particles and water, and then enters a first stageThe two-stage Venturi scrubber further wets fine particles in the synthetic gas, the fine particles enter the plate type washing tower through the inlet distributor, the plate type washing tower is provided with a plurality of layers of tower trays, reclaimed ash water and alkali liquor are supplemented into a middle layer of the plurality of layers of tower trays to remove halogen in the synthetic gas, and clean desalted water is supplemented into a top layer of the plurality of layers of tower trays to ensure that the dust content of the synthetic gas in a dust removal outlet area is less than 1mg/Nm3。
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