CN110859993A - 基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3d打印软骨补片支架构建方法及装置 - Google Patents

基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3d打印软骨补片支架构建方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN110859993A
CN110859993A CN201910959819.3A CN201910959819A CN110859993A CN 110859993 A CN110859993 A CN 110859993A CN 201910959819 A CN201910959819 A CN 201910959819A CN 110859993 A CN110859993 A CN 110859993A
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polycaprolactone
cartilage
printing
scaffold
cartilage patch
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陈昶
汤海
佘云琅
任怡久
苏杭
孙惟言
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Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital
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Abstract

本发明公开了基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法及装置,包括以下步骤:(1)根据个体特征对支架特性参数设计支架的个体化3D模型;(2)利用静电纺丝3D打印技术,以聚己内酯作为原料,根据个体化3D模型打印软骨补片支架;(3)诱导软骨细胞种植到软骨补片支架上,软骨细胞在支架扩增,并分泌细胞外基质,形成软骨细胞‑胞外基质‑支架复合体。本发明以聚己内酯为原料,采用静电纺丝和3D打印结合的技术手段制备支架进而构建软骨补片,制备的软骨补片应用范围更广、生物力学性能优越。

Description

基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗技术领域,尤其涉及基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法及装置。
背景技术
软骨组织中细胞含量少,无血管、神经组织分布,主要依赖胞外基质的渗透作用提供营养物质,因此急、慢性损伤或退行性疾病引起的关节软骨组织损伤很难再生;另外,在临床上对于长段气管的修复,无法进行直接吻合,也需要借助气管软骨替代物进行修复。目前临床上对于关节软骨的修复主要包括:微骨折手术、骨软骨移植术和骨膜移植术等,对于气管软骨修复主要包括:自体组织、异体气管移植等,但这些治疗方法往往存在供源不足、疾病传播和免疫排斥等问题。
近些年组织工程技术的发展为解决这一难题提供了新的思路。以软骨细胞为种子细胞再生出成熟的软骨样组织是软骨组织工程领域常用的方法。但是,单纯以软骨细胞及其胞外基质构建的完整组织工程软骨往往不具备良好的生物力学性能,因此为获得满意的细胞附着功能和最佳的生物力学性能,需要借助人工设计合成的支架。这类支架材料首先应具有组织相容性、机械稳定性以及多孔隙结构。同时,还应有利于胞黏附、迁移、生长、分化,从而益于新生骨软骨形成。
聚己内酯(PCL)材料作为一种具有良好生物相容性且在体内不易降解的人工合成材料在这一领域拥有良好的治疗前景,目前已经有相关材料应用在临床骨科创伤修复领域。然而目前大多数支架制作方法使用预先制作的模具构建支架,因此无法对支架内部结构进行设计调整,也很难在支架的面积、厚度等参数上进行个体化的修改。
静电纺丝技术是一种利用聚合物溶液或熔体在强电场作用下形成喷射流进行纺丝加工的工艺。近年来,其作为一种可制备超精细纤维的新型加工方法,引起了人们的广泛关注。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术中的上述问题,提出基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法及装置。
本发明以聚己内酯为原料,采用静电纺丝和3D打印结合的技术手段制备支架进而构建软骨补片,可以根据个体特征对支架的面积、厚度等参数进行个体化设计,获得的软骨补片应用范围更广、生物力学性能优越。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下的技术方案:
本发明的第一方面是提供基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)根据个体特征对支架特性参数设计支架的个体化3D模型;
(2)利用静电纺丝3D打印技术,以聚己内酯作为原料,根据所述个体化3D模型打印软骨补片支架;
(3)软骨细胞提取和增殖后,诱导软骨细胞种植到软骨补片支架,在特定的环境下进行培养,软骨细胞在支架扩增,并分泌细胞外基质,形成软骨细胞-胞外基质-支架复合体
优选地,所述补片还包括以下应用步骤:
(4)将复合体移植到皮下进行血管化,使其具有更加完善的生物学性能;
(5)将血管化后的软骨细胞-胞外基质-支架复合物进行原位移植。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述特性参数包括面积和厚度。
优选地,步骤(2)所述软骨补片支架采用镂空结构,所述镂空的形状选自三角形、圆形或长方形任意一种。
优选地,打印支架过程中静电纺丝采用波浪形和直线层叠排列,形成具有三角形内部结构的稳定支架。
第二方面,本发明提供利用上述基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片构建方法的支架构建装置,包括物料桶和台面移动装置所述物料桶底部设有打印机喷头和高压电极;所述高压电极与所述台面移动装置上的台面接地装置共同构建电场强度形成静电纺丝。
优选地,还包括设置于所述物料桶上的加热装置;所述加热装置包括温度传感器和电热丝;根据所述温度传感器对所述物料桶中聚己内酯的温度测量结果,控制所述电热丝对所述物料桶内的聚己内酯进行加热。
优选地,还包括一控制单元,所述控制单元与所述台面移动装置电连接,所述台面移动装置在所述控制单元的控制下进行X、Y轴方向的运动以构建支架。控制单元控制单元控制单元优选地,所述台面移动装置与所述控制单元电连接,所述台面移动装置在控制单元控制下进行X、Y轴方向的运动以构建支架。
优选地,所述气泵装置用于产生气压为所述物料筒中物料熔融后的挤出提供压力,所述气泵装置设有旋钮,可根据实际情况通过所述旋钮调节气压大小进而调整出料量。
优选地,步骤(3)的具体内容包括:
(31):原代软骨细胞的提取和纯化:对于获取的含软骨组织的器官进行预处理,获得软骨组织碎片,使用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化细胞外基质。将消化后的细胞悬液过滤、离心,收集沉淀;
(32):原代软骨细胞的培养增殖;
(33):软骨细胞种植到细胞支架构建软骨补片:将扩增培养后的细胞在支架上种植,进行培养,使得软骨基质得以分泌,进而形成完整的软骨补片。
本发明采用上述技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下技术效果:
(1)3D打印技术使软骨细胞支架可以根据个体特征对面积、厚度等参数进行个体化的设计,拓宽了软骨组织工程的应用范围;
(2)通过静电纺丝技术和三维(3D)打印技术结合,可以对PCL支架进行生物力学性能的预先设计,有利于形成生物相容性和力学性能优越的软骨支架;
(3)利用软骨原代提取和促软骨细胞基质分泌技术,将软骨细胞作为种子细胞在支架上种植,使之能够产生粘附、迁移和增殖,使得分泌基质的软骨细胞和支架进行有机的结合构成具备生物学功能和优良机械性能的软骨补片;
(4)支架采用静电纺丝波浪形和直线层叠排列,形成具有三角形内部结构的稳定支架,提升了支架的生物力学性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明中联合静电纺丝技术的3D打印装置机构示意图;
图2为本发明中基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架的单层平面结构示意图;
图3为本发明中基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架的单层三维结构示意图;
图4为本发明中基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架的多层三维结构示意图;
图5为本发明一种基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法中步骤(3)的流程示意图;
图中标记表示说明:
1-气泵装置,2-导气管,3-物料桶,4-加热装置,5-物料,6-高压电极,7-打印机喷头,8-台面移动装置,9-平面单层支架,10-立体单层支架,11-多层支架,12-原代软骨组织碎片,13-原代软骨组织细胞。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例和附图对本发明进行详细和具体的介绍,以使更好的理解本发明,但是下述实施例并不限制本发明范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)根据个体特征对支架特性参数进行个体化的设计;
(2)利用静电纺丝3D打印技术,以聚己内酯作为原料,根据所述个体化3D模型打印软骨补片支架;
(3)软骨细胞提取和增殖后,诱导细胞在支架上增殖并分泌细胞基质,进而形成完整的软骨补片。
本实施例中,如图2、图3中,步骤(2)中所述静电纺丝采用波浪形和直线层叠排列。
本实施例中,如图2、图3中,步骤(2)所述软骨补片支架采用镂空结构,所述镂空的形状选自三角形、圆形或长方形任意一种。优选地,所述镂空结构采用三角形。三角形的稳定性使得支架在承受来自水平方向拉伸与压缩的力时不至于发生较大的形变;与此同时,在支架与细胞或水凝胶等形成复合物时,支架孔隙内将充满水凝胶材料或软骨细胞分泌的胞外基质,在承受纵向压力时,水凝胶或胞外基质会将力分解到各水平方向,同样因为三角形的稳定结构,使得支架不易发生变形,从而提升了支架的生物力学性能。
本实施例中,如图5中,步骤(3)中的软骨细胞提取和增殖包括以下步骤:
(31):原代软骨细胞的提取和纯化:对于获取的含软骨组织进行预处理,获得软骨组织碎片,使用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化细胞外基质;
(32):将消化后的细胞悬液过滤、离心,收集沉淀;
(33):原代软骨细胞的培养扩增。
实施例2
请参阅图1所示,本实施例提供基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建装置,包括物料桶3和台面移动装置8,所述物料桶3;所述物料桶3底部设有打印机喷头7和高压电极6;所述高压电极6与所述台面移动装置8上的台面接地装置共同构建电场强度形成静电纺丝。
本实施例中,如图1中,步骤(2)中所述3D打印装置还包括:气泵装置1、与所述气泵装置1通过导气管2连接的物料桶3、对所述物料桶3中物料5进行加热的加热装置4、打印机喷头7、台面移动装置8和安装有3D打印智能控制软件的控制单元。
本实施例中,如图1中,还包括控制单元和加热装置4;所述加热装置4包括温度传感器和电热丝;所述控制单元分别与所述温度传感器和所述电热丝电连接,所述控制单元根据所述温度传感器对所述物料桶中聚己内酯的温度测量结果控制所述电热丝的加热温度。优选地,所述控制单元为计算机或PLC控制单元。
本实施例中,如图1中,所述台面移动装置8与所述控制单元电连接,所述台面移动装置8在控制单元控制下进行X、Y轴方向的运动以构建支架。
本实施例中,如图1中,还包括一气泵装置(1),所述气泵装置1与所述物料桶3通过导气管2连接的;所述气泵装置1产生气压为所述物料筒3挤出聚己内酯提供压力。如图1中,物料5为聚己内酯(PCL)。物料筒3的功能为盛放PCL和PCL加热的载体装置,将PCL材料置于物料筒3中,打印过程中,加热装置4通过物料筒3将PCL材料加热至熔化后,气泵装置1产生的气压将PCL材料通过打印机喷头7挤出;另外,打印机喷头7内径大小决定静电纺丝的粗细,可以通过不同规格的打印机喷头产生不同粗细的静电纺丝。优选地,所述打印机喷头7直径选自0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm中一种。
本实施例中,如图1中,进一步优选地,所述气泵装置1设有旋钮,可根据实际情况通过所述旋钮调节气压大小进而调整出料量。
本实施例中,如图5中,打印支架过程中静电纺丝采用波浪形和直线层叠排列,形成具有三角形内部结构的稳定支架。
实施例3
采用实施例1所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法构建软骨补片支架运用于临床的使用方法,包括以下步骤。
(1)根据需要对补片形状结构进行个体化设计,构建3D模型。
(2)通过3D打印联合静电纺丝技术,使用PCL作为原料,对预先构建的3D模型进行打印,形成细胞支架。
(3)提取原代软骨细胞进行扩增,将扩增后的软骨细胞种植到PCL细胞支架,在特定的环境下进行培养,软骨细胞在支架扩增,并分泌细胞外基质,形成软骨细胞-胞外基质-支架复合体。
(4)将复合体移植到皮下进行血管化,使其具有更加完善的生物学性能。
(5)将血管化后的软骨细胞-胞外基质-支架复合物进行原位移植。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)根据个体特征对支架特性参数设计支架的个体化3D模型;
(2)利用静电纺丝3D打印技术,以聚己内酯作为原料,根据所述个体化3D模型打印补片支架;
(3)诱导软骨细胞种植到所述补片支架上,软骨细胞在支架扩增,并分泌细胞外基质,形成软骨细胞-胞外基质-支架复合体的软骨补片支架。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述静电纺丝采用波浪形和直线层叠排列。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述软骨补片支架采用镂空结构,所述镂空的形状选自三角形、圆形或长方形任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中的软骨细胞提取和增殖包括以下步骤:
(31)原代软骨细胞的提取和纯化:对于获取的含软骨组织进行预处理,获得软骨组织碎片,使用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化细胞外基质;
(32)将消化后的细胞悬液过滤、离心,收集沉淀;
(33)原代软骨细胞的培养扩增。
5.一种采用权利要求1-4任一项所述方法的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建装置,其特征在于,包括物料桶(3)和台面移动装置(8),所述物料桶(3)底部设有打印机喷头(7)和高压电极(6);所述高压电极(6)与所述台面移动装置(8)上的台面接地装置共同构建电场强度形成静电纺丝。
6.根据权利要求5所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建装置,其特征在于,还包括设置于所述物料桶(3)上的加热装置(4);所述加热装置(4)包括温度传感器和电热丝;根据所述温度传感器对所述物料桶(3)中聚己内酯的温度测量结果,控制所述电热丝对所述物料桶(3)内的聚己内酯进行加热。
7.根据权利要求6所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建装置,其特征在于,还包括一控制单元,所述控制单元与所述台面移动装置(8)电连接,所述台面移动装置(8)在所述控制单元的控制下进行X、Y轴方向的运动以构建支架。
8.根据权利要求5所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建装置,其特征在于,还包括一气泵装置(1),所述气泵装置(1)与所述物料桶(3)通过导气管(2)连接的;所述气泵装置(1)产生气压为所述物料筒(3)挤出聚己内酯提供压力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建装置,其特征在于,所述气泵装置(1)设有旋钮,可控制所述气泵装置(1)提供的气压大小,调整物料筒(3)出料量。
10.根据权利要求5所述的基于聚己内酯静电纺丝3D打印软骨补片支架构建装置,其特征在于,所述打印机喷头(7)直径选自0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm中一种。
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