CN110859251A - Anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- CN110859251A CN110859251A CN201911297519.XA CN201911297519A CN110859251A CN 110859251 A CN110859251 A CN 110859251A CN 201911297519 A CN201911297519 A CN 201911297519A CN 110859251 A CN110859251 A CN 110859251A
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, which is a polygonum hydropiper flavone extract. Accordingly, the inventor also establishes a corresponding preparation method, namely crushing the polygonum hydropiper, extracting the crushed polygonum hydropiper with alcohol, evaporating and concentrating the supernatant in boiling water bath, and adding corresponding auxiliary materials to prepare the polygonum hydropiper. The invention is derived from pure natural medicines, and has the advantages of easy preparation, low residue, low cost, low drug resistance, effective enhancement of the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone and the like. The polygonum hydropiper flavone extract feed additive is used for feeding ammonia-stressed penaeus vannamei boone, and the influence of the polygonum hydropiper flavone extract feed additive on the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone is researched; the result shows that after the additive is fed to the penaeus vannamei boone for a certain period of time, the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone can be effectively improved, and the death rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives, and particularly relates to an anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
The total yield of world prawns is continuously increased, the annual growth rate is higher, the yield of the prawns is mainly composed of the yield of the cultured prawns, and the specific gravity of the caught prawns is reduced year by year. The specific weight of the penaeus vannamei boone yield in the world is increased year by year. The penaeus vannamei boone culture in China develops rapidly, and a plurality of problems exist in the culture process and need to be better solved.
Stress reactions of the penaeus vannamei boone can easily occur due to various inducements in the culture process, such as water environment temperature difference, salinity change, pond aging, insufficient dissolved oxygen in water, climate change and the like. In addition to avoiding the occurrence of these causes as much as possible during the cultivation process, measures should be taken to enhance the autoimmunity of penaeus vannamei. Besides the mode of splashing anti-stress drugs into the water body, a certain amount of feed additives can be added into the daily feed to achieve the purpose of improving the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive shows the advantages of chemical medicines and antibiotics which are not up to the same level.
Ammonia nitrogen is one of the most main hazard factors in the aquaculture water body and is expressed as molecule (NH)3) And ions (NH)4+) In two forms, wherein NH3Is the main toxic substance. The Penaeus vannamei can live in the presence of NH for a long time3In water with excessive volume, the excretion of nitrogen waste in the body is hindered. Such as NH3The blood ammonia of the prawns is increased and even poisoned by permeating tissue fluid from water, thereby bringing about a series of negative effects. In the actual production process, due to factors such as high feeding density, unreasonable bait feeding and the like, ammonia nitrogen in a water body is easily increased, and the stress phenomenon of the penaeus vannamei caused by overhigh ammonia nitrogen concentration is very common.
Most of anti-stress agents in the market are additives such as vitamins, minerals, antibiotics and the like, excessive addition of the additives can cause body poisoning, environmental pollution and even drug residue, no toxic, residue-free and pollution-free immunopotentiator capable of effectively enhancing the resistance of the penaeus vannamei boone and resisting environmental stress is available in clinic, and the Chinese herbal medicine plant extract meets the requirements and is worthy of development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for the penaeus vannamei, which is pure natural, easy to prepare, low in residue, low in cost, low in drug resistance, good in solubility and easy to store, and the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive can effectively enhance the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei and reduce the death rate of the penaeus vannamei.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an anti-stress feed additive containing herba Polygoni Hydropiperis flavone extract for Penaeus vannamei Boone is provided.
The Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive is composed of the following raw materials and auxiliary materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of a polygonum flaccidum flavone extract and 1-3 parts of water-soluble silicon dioxide.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive comprises the steps of weighing the polygonum hydropiper flavone extract and the water-soluble silicon dioxide according to the formula, uniformly mixing, drying and crushing.
The herba Polygoni Hydropiperis flavone extract is prepared by extracting herba Polygoni Hydropiperis with 60% ethanol, and concentrating in boiling water bath.
The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive comprises the following steps: weighing, drying and crushing into 50-mesh polygonum hydropiper, adding 60% ethanol extract according to the mass-volume ratio of 1:12, soaking for 1h, sealing and heating at 80 ℃ for 1.5h, and filtering with 8 layers of 200-mesh gauze; adding 60% ethanol with the same volume as the first time into the filter residue, heating for 1.5h at 80 ℃, filtering again, combining the two filtrates, performing suction filtration, and concentrating the filtrate to 1.25-1.4 g/mL in a boiling water bath for later use.
The use method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive is to mix the additive into basic feed for feeding according to 200-800mg/kg feed.
Aiming at the problem that penaeus vannamei lacks safe and effective medicaments, the inventor adopts pure Chinese herbal medicine polygonum hydropiper as a raw material and develops an anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for penaeus vannamei, which is a polygonum hydropiper flavone extract. Accordingly, the inventor also establishes a corresponding preparation method, namely the polygonum hydropiper is prepared by extracting 60% of alcohol, concentrating in water bath and adding a proper amount of auxiliary materials, so that the requirement on freeze drying equipment in the preparation process of the Chinese herbal medicine extractant can be effectively reduced, the activity of the extract is preserved to the maximum degree, and meanwhile, the content determination and the quality control of the medicine are not influenced. After the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive is added into a shrimp feed and continuously fed to the penaeus vannamei boone for 28 days, ammonia stress is carried out on the penaeus vannamei boone, and the influence of the polygonum hydropiper flavone extract feed additive on the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone is researched; experiments prove that after the additive disclosed by the invention is fed to the penaeus vannamei boone for a certain period of time, the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone can be effectively improved, and the death rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is reduced. In addition, the research solves the problem that the polygonum flaccidum flavone extract is not easy to dry, can effectively reduce the preparation process of the polygonum flaccidum flavone extract, and fully preserves the activity of the polygonum flaccidum flavone extract.
Detailed Description
Example 1 preparation of anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for Penaeus vannamei Boone
TABLE 1 Penaeus vannamei Boone Polygonum hydropiper flavone extract formulation
Referring to table 1, immunopotentiators of formulae one to five are prepared, and the polygonum flaccidum flavone extract and water-soluble silicon dioxide (Shanghai Kaiyn chemical Co., Ltd., 10 kg/bag, A200) are weighed according to the formula, mixed uniformly, dissolved in appropriate ethanol, dried, crushed and sieved by a No. 5 sieve.
Wherein, the polygonum flaccidum flavone extract is extracted according to the following method: weighing, drying and crushing into 50-mesh polygonum hydropiper, adding 60% ethanol extract according to the mass-volume ratio of 1:12, soaking for 1h, sealing and heating at 80 ℃ for 1.5h, and filtering with 8 layers of gauze (200 meshes); adding 60% ethanol with the same volume as the first time into the filter residue, heating for 1.5h at 80 ℃, filtering again, combining the two filtrates, performing suction filtration, and concentrating the filtrate to 1.25-1.4 g/mL in a boiling water bath for later use.
Example 2 Polygonum hydropiper flavone extract immunoregulation effect on Penaeus vannamei Boone
1 Material Process
1.1 Experimental drugs
Herbal extract feed additive (prepared as described in example 1 above);
astragalus polysaccharide, a gift from bekken biotechnology limited;
ammonium chloride (analytically pure for test)
1.2 shrimp for experiment
The litopenaeus vannamei (the weight is 5-10 g, and the body length is 9-12 cm) is provided by a south America litopenaeus vannamei fine variety base of Guangxi aquatic science research institute.
1.3 preparation of medicated baits
Adding the obtained medicinal powder into basic feed powder according to a certain medicinal feed ratio (g/kg), adding appropriate amount of feed binder, making into additive feed by compression granulator, and drying in the shade for 24 hr; the addition amount of Astragalus polysaccharides is 2 g/kg.
1.4 preparation of shrimp for experiment
The method adopts Penaeus vannamei Boone (with the weight of 5-10 g and the body length of 9-12 cm) provided by Guangxi aquatic product academy. Temporarily cultured in a big cylindrical fish tank with the volume of about 1 cubic meter in a shrimp farm before an experiment.
1.5 Experimental treatment
560 juvenile Penaeus vannamei Boone is adaptively fed for 7 days, wherein 525 juvenile Penaeus vannamei Boone are randomly and uniformly divided into 5 groups, each group comprises 35, namely a high-dose group, a medium-dose group, a low-dose group, a positive drug group and a blank control group (3 repetitions are set, namely 15 treatment groups are set in total), and the rest 35 groups are used as ammonia stress model standby groups. Feeding common feed to the blank control group and the ammonia stress model standby group, and feeding corresponding feed mixed with medicine to the other groups respectively; each group was fed with feed at 5% of the weight of the prawns 3 times a day. The feed intake (dried and weighed) and total body weight of each group were recorded daily and the feed intake was adjusted weekly according to body weight. And during the test, indexes such as water temperature, salinity, pH value, dissolved oxygen and the like are detected.
After 28 days, 10 shrimps were repeatedly retained for each group to perform ammonia nitrogen stress test. The tank was filled with approximately 80 liters of seawater, the water flow was closed and aeration was maintained to maintain dissolved oxygen. During the test, the water temperature is 28 ℃, the salinity is 15 per mill, and the pH value is 8.0. The ammonia nitrogen concentration was designed to be 120mg/L and the actual molecular ammonia concentration was 2.86mg/L (Trussel, L1972). AmmoniaAmmonium chloride NH for nitrogen concentration4CL (analytical purity) is used for regulation, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is measured once every 7 hours by an indophenol blue method (Slawyk and Macisaac, 1972), and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the experimental water is regulated in time. The test lasts for 72h, water is changed every 24h, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is re-adjusted. Recording the survival status of each aquarium test shrimp every 24h, and determining the shrimps with hearts no longer beating as dead for calculating survival rate; after 72h, 10 random hemolymph samples were taken from the group and the change in each immunological index in hemolymph was determined.
The protection rate of the extract on the penaeus vannamei boone is calculated according to the death number of each group of fishes.
The protection rate calculation method comprises the following steps: the protection rate is (death number of ammonia stress control group-death number of test group)/death number of positive ammonia stress control group multiplied by 100%.
2 results of the experiment
2.1 hemolymph immunity index of each group of surviving shrimps
As can be seen from Table 1, after the feed additive of the polygonum flaccidum flavonoid extract is continuously fed to the penaeus vannamei, the activities of AKP, GOT and PO in the polygonum flaccidum flavonoid extract high-dose blood lymph group are remarkably higher than those of the model group (P <0.01), and the ACP activity is remarkably higher than that of the model group (P <0.05), which indicates that the activity of immune related enzymes in the blood lymph can be remarkably increased after the polygonum flaccidum flavonoid extract is continuously fed to the penaeus vannamei for 28 days, so that the effect of resisting ammonia stress is achieved.
Table 1 survival of penaeus vannamei hemolymph immune index activity after ammonia stress (x ± s, n ═ 10)
Note: the shoulder mark "+" indicates a significant difference (P <0.05) compared to the model group, and "+" indicates a significant difference (P <0.01) compared to the model group
2.2 mortality
As shown in Table 2, the mortality rate after the attack of the ammonia stress control group reaches 30.00 percent, the mortality rate of the astragalus polysaccharide treatment group serving as a control medicament is 13.33 percent, and the protection rate is 66.67 percent. The prevention effect of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the polygonum flaccidum flavone extract is remarkable, the protection rates of a high-dose group (8g/kg), a medium-dose group (4g/kg) and a low-dose group (2g/kg) are respectively 66.67%, 55.56% and 55.56%, and the protection rates are obviously higher than those of an astragalus polysaccharide treatment group and an ammonia stress control group.
TABLE 2 statistical results of the mortality of the groups
3 conclusion
The feed additive can effectively improve the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone, obtains expected results, and is worthy of further development and utilization.
Claims (6)
1. An anti-stress Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by containing a polygonum hydropiper flavone extract.
2. The Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials and auxiliary materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of a polygonum flaccidum flavone extract and 1-3 parts of water-soluble silicon dioxide.
3. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive as claimed in claim 2, wherein the Polygonum hydropiper flavone extract and the water-soluble silicon dioxide are weighed according to the formula, mixed uniformly, dried and crushed.
4. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the flavone extract of herba Polygoni Hydropiperis is prepared by extracting herba Polygoni Hydropiperis with 60% ethanol, and concentrating in boiling water bath.
5. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive according to claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: weighing, drying and crushing into 50-mesh polygonum hydropiper, adding 60% ethanol extract according to the mass-volume ratio of 1:12, soaking for 1h, sealing and heating at 80 ℃ for 1.5h, and filtering with 8 layers of 200-mesh gauze; adding 60% ethanol with the same volume as the first time into the filter residue, heating for 1.5h at 80 ℃, filtering again, combining the two filtrates, performing suction filtration, and concentrating the filtrate to 1.25-1.4 g/mL in a boiling water bath for later use.
6. The use method of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the additive is mixed into the basic feed for feeding according to 200-800mg/kg feed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113952369A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-21 | 广西大学 | Industrial production process of Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation for resisting ammonia nitrogen stress of prawns |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113952369A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-21 | 广西大学 | Industrial production process of Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation for resisting ammonia nitrogen stress of prawns |
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Application publication date: 20200306 |