CN109820094B - Feed for preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a feed for preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises 30-50 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30-50 parts by weight of rice chaff, 10-15 parts by weight of shrimp shell, 15-20 parts by weight of soybean meal, 15-20 parts by weight of corn flour, 1-10 parts by weight of multivitamin, 1-20 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 1-20 parts by weight of fructus forsythiae, 1-20 parts by weight of platycodon grandiflorum, 1-20 parts by weight of mint, 1-20 parts by weight of schizonepeta, 1-20 parts by weight of fermented soybean, 1-20 parts by weight of burdock, 1-20 parts by weight of lophatherum gracile and 1-20 parts by weight of liquorice, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) pulverizing wheat flour, rice chaff, shrimp shell, soybean meal and corn flour; 2) preparing honeysuckle, fructus forsythiae, mint, herba schizonepetae, fermented soybean, fried burdock, platycodon grandiflorum, lophatherum gracile, liquorice and auxiliary materials into Yinqiao granules in parts by weight; 3) fermenting; 4) sealing and standing; 5) granulating and forming in a feed granulator to obtain the product. The feed additive disclosed by the invention is reasonable in formula, free of toxic and side effects, safe and reliable, and capable of preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases.

Description

Feed for preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fish feed and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a feed for preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Ictalurus punctatus is also called catfish or pincer fish, and belongs to fishes of the order Parasilurus and family leiocassis. Is native to north america, is a large-scale freshwater fish, and has the advantages of poor feeding quality, fast growth, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, superior meat quality and the like. The longsnout catfish is introduced from the United states of America to domesticate since 1985, and is successfully bred in 1989. The channel catfish natural distribution area is in the middle river basin of the United states, south Canada and parts of the Atlantic coast, and then widely enters the Atlantic coast, the channel catfish natural distribution area is distributed in the whole United states and the northern part of Mexico, the production place is an intermediate river with pollution-free water quality, sandy or gravel bottom and high flow rate, and the channel catfish natural distribution area can also enter the living of a saline-fresh water area. Is one of the major freshwater aquaculture species in the United states. The channel catfish is a fish of channel catfish family introduced in 1984 by Hubei province scientific research institute of aquatic products, and is proved to be suitable for being cultured in most areas of China through years of research, popularization and culture.

The channel catfish contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, various mineral substances, vitamins and the like, and has the characteristics of thick meat, no thorn, smooth skin, tender meat, fat and strong taste. The pinctada has extremely high nutritive value and has the characteristics of freshness and tonifying, the pinctada is usually made into a stewed young dish, the stewed young dish is suitable for being braised by preserved szechuan pickle to lift out the delicate flavor, and the channel catfish is delicious, tender and smooth when eaten and has a unique flavor. The channel catfish is rich in nutrition, each 100 g of fish contains 64.1 g of water and 14.4 g of protein, contains various minerals and trace elements, and is particularly suitable for people with weak body, deficiency and malnutrition. The channel catfish not only has rich nutrition like other fish, but also has tender meat, contains more protein and fat, and has better food therapy effect on weak, asthenic and malnutrition people. The channel catfish is a good product for promoting lactation, has the functions of nourishing yin and blood, tonifying middle-jiao energy, stimulating appetite and inducing diuresis, and is a necessary food for postpartum diet therapy and nourishing.

Except that the roe of the channel catfish has foreign flavor and is not suitable for eating, the whole body is precious, the channel catfish is a rare nutritional good product, which is recorded as early as the history book and can be compared favorably with shark fin and wild soft-shelled turtle, the dietary therapy effect and the medicinal value of the channel catfish are not possessed by other fishes, and the unique effects of strengthening essence and bones and prolonging life are unique bright points.

The Channel Catfish Virus (CCV) is channel catfish herpesvirus type I, belongs to herpesviridae, is icosahedral, has a capsule membrane, has the diameter of 175-200 nm, and is double-stranded DNA. Channel Catfish Virus Disease (CCVD) is an infectious disease with the greatest harm, the most violent infection and the fastest death among channel catfish diseases, and once the disease occurs, the mortality rate is extremely high, so the channel catfish virus disease is a terrible disastrous disease. The onset symptoms are: the diseased fish is vertically suspended in water, the skin and fin base of the diseased fish are hemorrhagic, the abdomen is enlarged, ascites can be seen through dissection, gill hairs are white, and eyeballs are protruded; after dissection, there are bleeding spots in the liver, spleen and kidney. Therefore, the development of the feed capable of preventing and treating the channel catfish virus diseases is of great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the feed for preventing and treating the channel catfish virus diseases, which can improve the immunity of the channel catfish and prevent and treat the epidemic or outbreak of the virus diseases.

The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a preparation method of a feed for preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the feed for preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wheat flour, 30-50 parts of rice chaff, 10-15 parts of shrimp shell, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 1-10 parts of multivitamin, 1-20 parts of honeysuckle, 1-20 parts of fructus forsythiae, 1-20 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 1-20 parts of mint, 1-20 parts of schizonepeta, 1-20 parts of fermented soybean, 1-20 parts of burdock, 1-20 parts of lophatherum gracile and 1-20 parts of liquorice.

Preferably, the vitamin complex comprises vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.

Preferably, the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 40 parts of wheat flour, 40 parts of rice chaff, 10 parts of shrimp shell, 15 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of corn flour, 1 part of compound vitamin, 1 part of honeysuckle, 1 part of fructus forsythiae, 1 part of platycodon grandiflorum, 1 part of mint, 1 part of herba schizonepetae, 1 part of fermented soybean, 1 part of great burdock achene, 1 part of lophatherum gracile and 1 part of liquorice.

Preferably, the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 48 parts of wheat flour, 30 parts of rice chaff, 12 parts of shrimp shells, 16 parts of soybean meal, 18 parts of corn flour, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 20 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of fructus forsythiae, 15 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 10 parts of mint, 5 parts of schizonepeta, 8 parts of fermented soybean, 10 parts of burdock, 3 parts of lophatherum gracile and 5 parts of liquorice.

Preferably, the components in parts by weight are as follows: 30 parts of wheat flour, 50 parts of rice chaff, 15 parts of shrimp shell, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of compound vitamin, 15 parts of honeysuckle, 1 part of fructus forsythiae, 5 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 10 parts of mint, 12 parts of schizonepeta, 11 parts of fermented soybean, 16 parts of burdock, 8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 15 parts of liquorice.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which comprises the following steps:

1) mixing wheat flour, rice chaff, shrimp shells, soybean meal, corn flour and multivitamins serving as raw materials in parts by weight, transferring the mixture to a flour mill, and crushing the mixture into powder;

2) respectively crushing the honeysuckle and the platycodon root into granules according to the parts by weight, and sieving the granules for later use; distilling herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae with water vapor to obtain volatile oil, and collecting the distilled water solution; decocting the residue, fructus Arctii, folium Bambusae, and Glycyrrhrizae radix in water for 1-3 times, each for 1-3 hr, mixing decoctions, and filtering; boiling semen Sojae Preparatum in water, soaking at 80 deg.C for 1-3 times, each for 1-3 hr, mixing the extractive solutions, and filtering; mixing the above medicinal liquids, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; decocting fructus forsythiae in water for 1-3 times, each for 1-3 hr, mixing decoctions, filtering, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; spraying the volatile oil of herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae on the above soft extract, flos Lonicerae and radix Platycodi granules, and making into powder by conventional method.

3) Mixing the powder obtained in the step 1) and the powder obtained in the step 2), adding water, adding fermentation powder, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and performing sealed fermentation for 24 hours to obtain a fermentation material;

4) adding an additive into the fermented material obtained in the step 3), uniformly stirring and mixing, and then sealing and standing for 2 hours to obtain a feed mixture;

5) sieving the feed mixture obtained in the step 4) by a 40-mesh sieve, and putting the feed mixture into a feed granulator for granulation and molding, wherein the particle size is 1-4 mm.

Preferably, the step 2) is as follows: respectively crushing the honeysuckle and the platycodon root into granules according to the parts by weight, and sieving the granules for later use; distilling herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae with water vapor to obtain volatile oil, and collecting the distilled water solution; decocting the residue, fructus Arctii, folium Bambusae, and Glycyrrhrizae radix in water for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing decoctions, and filtering; boiling semen Sojae Preparatum in water, soaking at 80 deg.C for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing the extractive solutions, and filtering; mixing the above medicinal liquids, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; decocting fructus forsythiae in water for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing decoctions, filtering, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; spraying the volatile oil of herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae on the above soft extract, flos Lonicerae and radix Platycodi granules, and making into powder by conventional method.

Preferably, the conventional method in the step 2) refers to a process of drying at 60 ℃ under 0.07 to 0.08Mpa and pulverizing into fine powder.

The wheat flour, rice chaff, shrimp shells, soybean meal, corn flour and compound vitamins in the feed for preventing and treating the channel catfish virus disease are rich in most nutrient elements in the growth of poultry, and the honeysuckle, the weeping forsythia, the platycodon grandiflorum, the mint, the fineleaf schizonepeta herb, the fermented soybean, the great burdock achene, the common lophatherum herb and the liquorice are components of the traditional Chinese medicine 'Yinqiao powder', so that the I-type herpes virus which causes the channel catfish virus disease can be resisted; after wheat flour, rice chaff, shrimp shells, soybean meal, corn flour and compound vitamins are added, the problem of feeding channel catfish can be solved, the channel catfish feed and the pathogenic virus I herpes virus in ingestion can be resisted, and meanwhile, the channel catfish feed prepared by the compatibility has small toxic and side effects, remarkable prevention effect, high efficiency, no toxicity, no residue, no pollution, safety, reliability and low cost; the preparation method adopts fermentation, so that the nutrient components in the feed are more easily absorbed by the channel catfish, the effect of improving the immunity of the channel catfish is achieved, and the economic loss caused by virus diseases is greatly reduced.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Examples 1 to 3

The invention provides a preparation method of feed for preventing and treating channel catfish virus diseases, which comprises the following steps according to the formula of examples 1-3 in table 1:

1) taking wheat flour, rice chaff, shrimp shells, soybean meal, corn flour and multivitamin as raw materials in parts by weight, mixing, transferring to a flour mill, and crushing into powder;

2) respectively crushing the honeysuckle and the platycodon root into granules according to the following weight parts, and sieving the granules for later use; distilling herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae with water vapor to obtain volatile oil, and collecting the distilled water solution; decocting the residue, fructus Arctii, folium Bambusae, and Glycyrrhrizae radix in water for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing decoctions, and filtering; boiling semen Sojae Preparatum in water, soaking at 80 deg.C for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing the extractive solutions, and filtering; mixing the above medicinal liquids, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; decocting fructus forsythiae in water for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing decoctions, filtering, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; spraying the volatile oil of herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae on the above soft extract, flos Lonicerae and radix Platycodi granules, and making into powder by conventional method.

3) Mixing the powder obtained in the step 1) and the powder obtained in the step 2), adding water, adding fermentation powder, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and performing sealed fermentation for 24 hours to obtain a fermentation material;

4) adding an additive into the fermented material obtained in the step 3), uniformly stirring and mixing, and then sealing and standing for 2 hours to obtain a feed mixture;

5) sieving the feed mixture obtained in the step 4) by a 40-mesh sieve, and putting the feed mixture into a feed granulator for granulation and molding, wherein the particle size is 1-4 mm.

TABLE 1 formulations of examples 1-3

In the implementation process, 30 young channel catfishes are selected in experiments, randomly divided into 3 groups and respectively placed in 3 independent and isolated 30-square-meter water pools for feeding, and the first group is fed with conventional feed; a second group was fed the present feed (produced according to the formulation of example 3); the third group was fed with ribavirin-containing feed. After feeding for 2 months, 100ml of the herpes virus I is prepared, sprayed to 3 water pools in an atomizing mode respectively, and counted after 10 days. Avian influenza infection is recognized as: infection is determined when 3 or more than 3 kinds of channel catfish are suspended in water, bleeding occurs on the skin and fin base of diseased fish, abdomen is enlarged, ascites can be seen through dissection, gill hair is white, and eyeball protrusion is determined to be not infected symptom-free. The results are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2 feeding for 10 days symptom test

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
				Is not infected	0	8	4
Infection with viral infection	2	2	3
				Death was caused by death	8	0	3

The feeding is continued for 10 days without spraying the herpes virus type I, and the symptom detection results are as follows:

TABLE 3 feeding for 20 days symptom test

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
				Is not infected	0	8	3
Infection with viral infection	1	1	3
				Death was caused by death	9	1	4

The experimental results show that the detection results of various symptoms of the group 2 show that the resistance of the channel catfish fed by the feed to the I-type herpes virus is obviously higher than that of the traditional antiviral drug therapy, and the result shows that the physique of the channel catfish fed by the feed is greatly enhanced compared with that of the channel catfish fed by conventional feed and other antiviral drug feeds, so that the channel catfish can grow rapidly, and the supply quantity of the channel catfish is further increased.

The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The feed for preventing and treating the viral diseases of the leiocassis longirostris larvae is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of wheat flour, 30 parts of rice chaff, 15 parts of shrimp shells, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of compound vitamin, 15 parts of honeysuckle, 1 part of fructus forsythiae, 5 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 10 parts of mint, 12 parts of schizonepeta, 11 parts of fermented soybean, 16 parts of burdock, 8 parts of lophatherum gracile and 15 parts of liquorice;

the preparation method of the feed for preventing and treating the virus diseases of the channel catfish larvae comprises the following steps:

1) taking wheat flour, rice chaff, shrimp shells, soybean meal, corn flour and multivitamins as raw materials in parts by weight, mixing, transferring to a pulverizer, and pulverizing into powder;

2) respectively crushing the honeysuckle and the platycodon root into granules according to the parts by weight, and sieving the granules for later use; distilling herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae with water vapor to obtain volatile oil, and collecting the distilled water solution; decocting the residue, fructus Arctii, folium Bambusae, and Glycyrrhrizae radix in water for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing decoctions, and filtering; boiling semen Sojae Preparatum in water, soaking at 80 deg.C for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing the extractive solutions, and filtering; mixing the above medicinal liquids, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; decocting fructus forsythiae in water for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing decoctions, filtering, and concentrating to obtain soft extract; spraying volatile oil of herba Menthae and herba Schizonepetae onto the above soft extract, flos Lonicerae and radix Platycodi granules, drying at 60 deg.C under 0.07-0.08 Mpa, and pulverizing into powder;

3) mixing the powder obtained in the step 1) and the powder obtained in the step 2), adding water, adding fermentation powder, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and performing sealed fermentation for 24 hours to obtain a fermentation material;

4) adding an additive into the fermented material obtained in the step 3), uniformly stirring and mixing, and then sealing and standing for 2 hours to obtain a feed mixture;

5) sieving the feed mixture obtained in the step 4) by a 40-mesh sieve, and putting the feed mixture into a feed granulator for granulation and molding, wherein the particle size is 1-4 mm.

2. The feed for preventing and treating the viral diseases of channel catfish larvae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vitamin complex comprises vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.