CN110855156A - 反激式开关电源 - Google Patents

反激式开关电源 Download PDF

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CN110855156A
CN110855156A CN201911255833.1A CN201911255833A CN110855156A CN 110855156 A CN110855156 A CN 110855156A CN 201911255833 A CN201911255833 A CN 201911255833A CN 110855156 A CN110855156 A CN 110855156A
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resistor
power supply
switching power
circuit
flyback switching
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CN110855156B (zh
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朱艳强
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Changzhou Globe Co Ltd
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Changzhou Globe Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种反激式开关电源,包括电源输入及整流电路、DC‑DC开关电路及电压电流反馈电路,DC‑DC开关电路包括PWM控制集成电路U1,所述PWM控制集成电路U1具有GND端、FB端、Vin端、RI端、RT端、Sense端、VDD端以及Gate端,反激式开关电源还包括连接于PWM控制集成电路FB端与RI端之间的频率调节电路,所述频率调节电路用于根据反激式开关电源的工作状态改变反激式开关电源的工作频率:当反激式开关电源处于轻载时,频率调节电路将调低工作频率;当反激式开关电源处于重载时,频率调节电路将调高工作频率。相较于现有技术,本发明的反激式开关电源可以根据工作环境调整工作频率,因此适用于更广泛的场合,同时可以节能、降温升。

Description

反激式开关电源
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制电路,尤其涉及一种反激式开关电源的控制电路。
背景技术
在电气设备制造中,相比于传统的变压器降压线性电源,开关电源具有体积小、重量轻、效率高以及节能等的优点。其供电的电源既可以适应交流供电也可以适应直流供电,并且供电电压范围较宽。因此,开关电源的应用越来越广泛。
目前,市场上的小功率开关电源大多采用反激式开关电源。当广泛应用在各种不同场合时,由于现有的反激式开关电源不能根据工作环境或工作场景改变工作频率,从而会造成一些功率器件的温升。尤其在环境温度较高的场合,很容易造成产品的损耗。
有鉴于此,确有必要对现有的反激式开关电源作出改进,以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种反激式开关电源,该反激式开关电源可以适应于不同的工作环境,工作频率可以根据工作环境实时切换。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种反激式开关电源,包括电源输入及整流电路、DC-DC开关电路及电压电流反馈电路,DC-DC开关电路包括PWM控制集成电路U1,所述PWM控制集成电路U1具有GND端、FB端、Vin端、RI端、RT端、Sense端、VDD端以及Gate端,反激式开关电源还包括连接于PWM控制集成电路FB端与RI端之间的频率调节电路,所述频率调节电路用于根据反激式开关电源的工作状态改变反激式开关电源的工作频率:当反激式开关电源处于轻载时,频率调节电路将调低工作频率;当反激式开关电源处于重载时,频率调节电路将调高工作频率。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述频率调节电路包括原边模块和副边模块,所述原边模块包括电阻RD和光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB,所述电阻RD一端连接于RI端、另一端连接于光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB的集电极。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述副边模块包括光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA、电阻RSS、二极管DS、运算放大器USC、电阻RSA、电阻RSB、电阻RSC、电阻RSD以及二极管DS1;所述光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA的阴极接地、阳极连接于所述电阻RSS的一端;电阻RSS的另一端与二极管DS的负极连接,二极管DS的正极分别与另一个二极管DS1的正极、电阻RSB的一端以及运算放大器USC的输出脚1脚连接;运算放大器USC的反相输入端2脚与电阻RSB、电阻RSA连接,同相输入端3脚通过电阻RSC接地;电阻RSA的另一端接地,电阻RSD连接于电阻RSA和电阻RSC之间。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述频率调节电路还包括一个信号复用电路用于控制输出空载电压以及输出恒流。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述信号复用电路包括光电耦合器二、电阻RSF、电阻RSK以及二极管DS1;光电耦合器二包括发光器件U5A和光接收器件U5B,发光器件U5A的阴极分别连接于电阻RSA、电阻RSD并接地,发光器件U5A的阳极与电阻RSF连接;电阻RSF的另一端连接电阻RSK,电阻RSK的另一端连接二极管DS1的负极。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述光电耦合器二的光接收器件U5B的发射极与光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB的发射极连接、集电极与PWM控制集成电路U1的FB端连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进,光电耦合器二与电容C2并联连接在PWM控制集成电路U1的FB端与RI端之间。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在PWM控制集成电路U1的RI端与FB端之间设有电阻R11,所述频率调节电路中设有电阻RD,所述频率调节电路被设置成:当反激式开关电源输出电流的大小发生变化时,通过引入电阻RD,使得所述电阻RD与电阻R11并联组成PWM控制集成电路U1的调频电阻,以调整反激式开关电源的工作频率。
作为本发明的进一步改进,当光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA中有电流通过时,光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB导通,以将电阻RD并入频率调节电路中。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述反激式开关电源还包括信号复用电路,其连接于PWM控制集成电路U1的FB端,所述信号复用电路包括与电阻R11并联连接的光电耦合器二以及至少一个电阻RSF。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的反激式开关电源引入频率调节电路后,可以实现在变频状态下工作,轻载时低频,使得反激式开关电源更加节能;重载时高频,使得反激式开关电源温升降低、输出能力更强。因此,本发明的反激式开关电源的适用场合变得更加广泛且产品可靠。
附图说明
图1是本发明反激式开关电源的工作框图。
图2是图1所示反激式开关电源的电路图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
请参阅图1所示,本发明揭示了一种反激式开关电源,包括电源输入及整流电路100、DC-DC开关电路200、副边整流输出电路300、电压电流反馈电路400以及频率调节电路500。其中,DC-DC开关电路200具有PWM控制集成电路U1。PWM控制集成电路U1具有GND端、FB端、Vin端、RI端、RT端、Sense端、VDD端以及Gate端。所述频率调节电路500连接在FB端与RI端之间,用于根据反激式开关电源的工作状态改变反激式开关电源的工作频率:当反激式开关电源处于轻载时,频率调节电路500将调低工作频率;当反激式开关电源处于重载时,频率调节电路500将调高工作频率。以下对电路进行详细说明。
请参阅图2所示,PWM控制集成电路U1的1脚(也即GND端)接地。PWM控制集成电路U1的2脚(也即FB端)连接电压电流反馈电路400。电压电流反馈电路400包括并联连接的电容C2、光电耦合器二。电容C2的另一端连接电阻R11再继续连接到PWM控制集成电路U1的4脚(也即RI端)。PWM控制集成电路U1的5脚(也即RT端)连接电阻R12,电阻R12的另一端连接至电阻R11。在PWM控制集成电路U1的RT端与6脚(也即Sense端)之间并联设置有电阻R12和电容C3。电容C3与Sense端连接时,还连接了电阻R10的一端。电阻R10的另一端分别连接了电阻R9、电阻RS1、电阻RS2。电阻R9的另一端通过连接电阻R8连接到了PWM控制集成电路U1的8脚(也即Gate端)。在Gate端与电阻R9之间还并联连接有一个二极管D4。电阻RS1与电阻RS2并联连接在电阻R10与电容C3之间。一般而言,可以通过调整电阻R11值来确定反激式开关电源的工作频率,但是该电阻值一旦确定后将不易改变。本发明的频率调节电路500的引入解决了该问题。
所述频率调节电路500包括原边模块和副边模块。所述原边模块包括电阻RD和光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB,所述电阻RD一端连接于RI端、另一端连接于光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB的集电极。所述副边模块包括光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA、电阻RSS、二极管DS、运算放大器USC、电阻RSA、电阻RSB、电阻RSC、电阻RSD以及二极管DS1。光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA的阴极接地、阳极连接于电阻RSS。发光器件UQA与光接收器件UQB构成一个完整的光电耦合器一。电阻RSS的另一端与二极管DS的负极连接,二极管DS的正极分别与另一个二极管DS1的正极、电阻RSB的一端以及运算放大器USC的输出脚1脚连接。运算放大器USC的反相输入端2脚与电阻RSB、电阻RSA连接,同相输入端3脚通过电阻RSC接地。电阻RSA的另一端接地,电阻RSD设置在电阻RSA和电阻RSC之间。电阻RSA还连接了光电耦合器二的发光器件U5A的阴极,光电耦合器二的发光器件U5A的阳极连接了电阻RSF,电阻RSF另一端连接电阻RSK,电阻RSK的另一端与二极管DS1的负极连接。所述光电耦合器二的发光器件U5A、电阻RSF、电阻RSK以及二极管DS1共同构成信号复用电路,用于控制产品输出空载电压以及输出恒流。发光器件U5A与光接收器件U5B组合成一个完整的光电耦合器二。
在使用中,根据产品输出电流的大小,可以在副边模块中的运算放大器USC的1脚输出一个变化的电平信号,经过放大后的电平信号驱动光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA。当光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA通过电流时,光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB导通,使得电阻RD被引入到频率调节电路500中。也就是说,电阻RD与原电阻R11共同构成调频电阻,用于改变PWM控制集成电路U1的RI端电平,并且改变芯片内部的RC振荡电路参数,从而调整工作频率。在信号复用电路中,运算放大器USC1脚的输出信号通过一个二极管DS1后被复用,从而控制了产品输出空载电压以及输出恒流。如此的设计,使得电路中省去了更多的比较器或运算放大器。
在优选的实施方式中,电路中的光电耦合器一和光电耦合器二中的至少一个采用高速光耦。
在优选的实施方式中,电路工作频率的变动应当控制在主控芯片推荐工作频率的20%以内,以使得电路能够保持稳定工作。
通过以上说明可知,所述频率调节电路500被设置成:当反激式开关电源输出电流的大小发生变化时,通过引入电阻RD,使得所述电阻RD与电阻R11并联组成PWM控制集成电路U1的调频电阻,从而达到调整反激式开关电源工作频率的目的。频率调节电路500中还同时引入了光电耦合器一,当光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA中有电流通过时,光接收器件UQB导通,从而将电阻RD并入频率调节电路500中。
本发明的反激式开关电源引入了频率调节电路500后,可实现在变频状态下工作。当反激式开关电源在轻载、重载以及50%负载等状态下工作时,频率调节电路500将调整反激式开关电源处于不同频率,轻载时低频、重载时高频。这样设置,使得反激式开关电源在轻载时更加节能,在重载时降低温升、输出能力更强。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种反激式开关电源,包括电源输入及整流电路、DC-DC开关电路及电压电流反馈电路,DC-DC开关电路包括PWM控制集成电路U1,所述PWM控制集成电路U1具有GND端、FB端、Vin端、RI端、RT端、Sense端、VDD端以及Gate端,其特征在于:反激式开关电源还包括连接于PWM控制集成电路FB端与RI端之间的频率调节电路,所述频率调节电路用于根据反激式开关电源的工作状态改变反激式开关电源的工作频率:当反激式开关电源处于轻载时,频率调节电路将调低工作频率;当反激式开关电源处于重载时,频率调节电路将调高工作频率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:所述频率调节电路包括原边模块和副边模块,所述原边模块包括电阻RD和光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB,所述电阻RD一端连接于RI端、另一端连接于光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB的集电极。
3.根据权利要求2所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:所述副边模块包括光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA、电阻RSS、二极管DS、运算放大器USC、电阻RSA、电阻RSB、电阻RSC、电阻RSD以及二极管DS1;所述光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA的阴极接地、阳极连接于所述电阻RSS的一端;电阻RSS的另一端与二极管DS的负极连接,二极管DS的正极分别与另一个二极管DS1的正极、电阻RSB的一端以及运算放大器USC的输出脚1脚连接;运算放大器USC的反相输入端2脚与电阻RSB、电阻RSA连接,同相输入端3脚通过电阻RSC接地;电阻RSA的另一端接地,电阻RSD连接于电阻RSA和电阻RSC之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:所述频率调节电路还包括一个信号复用电路用于控制输出空载电压以及输出恒流。
5.根据权利要求4所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:所述信号复用电路包括光电耦合器二、电阻RSF、电阻RSK以及二极管DS1;光电耦合器二包括发光器件U5A和光接收器件U5B,发光器件U5A的阴极分别连接于电阻RSA、电阻RSD并接地,发光器件U5A的阳极与电阻RSF连接;电阻RSF的另一端连接电阻RSK,电阻RSK的另一端连接二极管DS1的负极。
6.根据权利要求5所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:光电耦合器二的光接收器件U5B的发射极与光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB的发射极连接、集电极与PWM控制集成电路U1的FB端连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:光电耦合器二与电容C2并联连接在PWM控制集成电路U1的FB端与RI端之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:在PWM控制集成电路U1的RI端与FB端之间设有电阻R11,所述频率调节电路中设有电阻RD,所述频率调节电路被设置成:当反激式开关电源输出电流的大小发生变化时,通过引入电阻RD,使得所述电阻RD与电阻R11并联组成PWM控制集成电路U1的调频电阻,以调整反激式开关电源的工作频率。
9.根据权利要求8所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:当所述光电耦合器一的发光器件UQA中有电流通过时,光电耦合器一的光接收器件UQB导通,以将电阻RD并入频率调节电路中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的反激式开关电源,其特征在于:所述反激式开关电源还包括信号复用电路,其连接于PWM控制集成电路U1的FB端,所述信号复用电路包括与电阻R11并联连接的光电耦合器二以及至少一个电阻RSF。
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