CN110846896A - 一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110846896A
CN110846896A CN201911111118.0A CN201911111118A CN110846896A CN 110846896 A CN110846896 A CN 110846896A CN 201911111118 A CN201911111118 A CN 201911111118A CN 110846896 A CN110846896 A CN 110846896A
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seawater desalination
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瞿建刚
谢梦玉
钱佳琪
王蓉
胡啸林
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Nantong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤：A、配制10‑25g/L氧化石墨烯分散液作为印花浆，对丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花；B、在交联整理液中经二浸二轧后80‑100℃预烘，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物；C、然后将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中；D、取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干，得到用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料，本发明采用稳定且成本低的非织造材料作为隔热层和水通道，实现了太阳能的有效利用和光热材料表面的充分供水，本发明所得光热转化材料蒸发效率高，由太阳能驱动，无需任何电力驱动，性价比高，本发明操作简单，成本低，绿色环保，可实现大规模生产，拓展了纺织品的功能化应用。

Description

一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光热海水淡化纺织材料的制备技术领域，具体为一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法。
背景技术
由太阳能驱动的水蒸发体系可用于海水淡化，但传统的太阳能海水淡化效率低，在蒸发系统中引入光热材料，可以显著提高海水淡化效率。根据光热材料在水溶液中的位置，可将蒸发体系分为三类。第一类是沉降体系，底部的光吸收体吸收光能并转化为热能，对整个体系进行加热，该体系热量和水蒸汽的分离导致大量的热损失，因此蒸发效率较低(<45％)。第二类是悬浮体系，分散在水溶液中的光热材料也是加热整个体系，而不是直接促进蒸汽的产生，因此蒸发效率也不是很高。第三种是界面蒸发体系，在气液界面引入光热材料，光热转化和液体加热过程只发生在光热材料所在的气液界面，避免了对整个体系加热，可实现高达90％的光热蒸汽转化效率。
目前光热蒸汽转化材料的研究还处于起步阶段，专利CN 109024085 A虽然公开发明了一种实现高效光热转化的纸基复合吸光材料及其制备方法，但是碳黑颗粒的载体滤纸易遭到破坏，重复利用率低，且纸基复合吸光材料本身不能有效地实现热隔离，实际应用时需要进一步的组装，具有一定局限性。纺织品具有柔性、成本低、可重复利用等特点，将纺织品作为光吸收体的载体，可以实现光热蒸发体系中热阻隔和水传输的功能，在固定光热材料的同时，实现高效的光热蒸汽转化，进而提高太阳光光热海水淡化效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤：
A、配制10-25g/L氧化石墨烯分散液作为印花浆，对丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花；
B、在交联整理液中经二浸二轧后80-100℃预烘，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物；
C、然后将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中；
D、取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干，得到用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料。
优选的，根据步骤A在交联整理液中经二浸二轧，轧余率为80％-90％。
优选的，根据步骤B在交联整理液中经二浸二轧后80-100℃预烘3-5min，在110-140℃下焙烘3-6min。
优选的，根据步骤C氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中，80-90℃条件下保温1-1.5h，氧化石墨烯为多层氧化石墨烯，氧化石墨烯直径为0.5-50μm。
优选的，根据步骤C丙纶针刺无纺布的克重为100-400g/m2。
优选的，所述根据步骤C还原剂为保险粉，水合肼和抗坏血酸其中的一种，还原剂用量为20-25g/L。
优选的，所述B交联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH560，硅烷偶联剂KH570和水性聚氨酯其中的一种，交联剂用量为100-120g/L。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)采用来源广泛、吸收波段较宽、制作工艺简单的石墨烯取代了昂贵的贵金属材料和吸收波段相对较窄、制备工艺复杂的半导体材料；
(2)采用稳定且成本低的非织造材料作为隔热层和水通道，实现了太阳能的有效利用和光热材料表面的充分供水；
(3)本发明所得光热转化材料蒸发效率高，由太阳能驱动，无需任何电力驱动，性价比高；
(4)本发明操作简单，成本低，绿色环保，可实现大规模生产，拓展了纺织品的功能化应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明光热海水淡化的纺织材料制备流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种技术方案：一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤：
A、配制10-25g/L氧化石墨烯分散液作为印花浆，对丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花；
B、在交联整理液中经二浸二轧后80-100℃预烘，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物；
C、然后将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中；
D、取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干，得到用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料。
配制10-25g/L氧化石墨烯分散液作为印花浆，对丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花，在交联整理液中经二浸二轧，轧余率为80％-90％后，80-100℃预烘3-5min，110-140℃焙烘3-6min，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物；然后将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中，80-90℃条件下保温1-1.5h，取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干，得到用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料。
该光热海水淡化的纺织材料中采用的氧化石墨烯为多层氧化石墨烯，氧化石墨烯直径为0.5-50μm，丙纶针刺无纺布的克重为100-400g/m2，交联整理液的组成为，交联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH560，硅烷偶联剂KH570和水性聚氨酯其中的一种，交联剂用量为100-120g/L，该发明中还原整理液的组成为还原剂为保险粉，水合肼和抗坏血酸其中的一种，还原剂用量为20，25g/L。
实施例1：将0.4g氧化石墨烯溶于20ml去离子水中，对400g/m2的丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花；将20g硅烷偶联剂KH560溶于200ml去离子水中，得到交联整理液，将丙纶印花织物浸渍在交联整理液中，二浸二轧，轧余率80％，热定型机上80℃预烘5min，130℃焙烘3min，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物；将10g保险粉溶于500ml自来水中制得还原整理液，将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中，加热到85℃，保温1.5h，取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干。
实施例2：将0.5g氧化石墨烯溶于20ml去离子水中，对300g/m2的丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花；将22g硅烷偶联剂KH570溶于200ml去离子水中，得到交联整理液，将丙纶印花织物浸渍在交联整理液中，二浸二轧，轧余率85％，热定型机上100℃预烘3min，110℃焙烘5min，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物；将10g抗坏血酸溶于500ml水中制得还原整理液，将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中，加热到80℃，保温1.0h，取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干。
实施例3：将0.4g氧化石墨烯溶于20ml去离子水中，对200g/m2的丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花；将24g水性聚氨酯溶于200ml去离子水中，得到交联整理液，丙纶印花织物浸渍在交联整理液中，二浸二轧，轧余率85％，热定型机上90℃预烘4min，120℃焙烘4min，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物。将10g水合肼溶于500ml水中制得还原整理液，将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中，加热到90℃，保温1.0h，取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干。
将整理得到的织物剪成一定尺寸，对该织物进行指标测试。
水蒸发测试将干燥的样品组装成水蒸发系统，置于同等光强强度(1kW·m-2)的氙灯下照射，进行水蒸发实验。
光照强度为1kW·m-2时，测试结果如表1和表2所示。
表1整理方法对光热海水淡化纺织材料的蒸发速率和蒸发效率的影响
Figure BDA0002272734540000051
表2光热海水淡化的纺织材料应用5次后的蒸发速率和蒸发效率
Figure BDA0002272734540000052
本发明采用稳定且成本低的非织造材料作为隔热层和水通道，实现了太阳能的有效利用和光热材料表面的充分供水，本发明所得光热转化材料蒸发效率高，由太阳能驱动，无需任何电力驱动，性价比高，本发明操作简单，成本低，绿色环保，可实现大规模生产，拓展了纺织品。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)采用来源广泛、吸收波段较宽、制作工艺简单的石墨烯取代了昂贵的贵金属材料和吸收波段相对较窄、制备工艺复杂的半导体材料；
(2)采用稳定且成本低的非织造材料作为隔热层和水通道，实现了太阳能的有效利用和光热材料表面的充分供水；
(3)本发明所得光热转化材料蒸发效率高，由太阳能驱动，无需任何电力驱动，性价比高；
(4)本发明操作简单，成本低，绿色环保，可实现大规模生产，拓展了纺织品的功能化应用。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤：
A、配制10-25g/L氧化石墨烯分散液作为印花浆，对丙纶针刺无纺布进行单面印花；
B、在交联整理液中经二浸二轧后80-100℃预烘，得到氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物；
C、然后将氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中；
D、取出后用去离子水清洗，烘干，得到用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法，其特征在于：根据步骤A在交联整理液中经二浸二轧，轧余率为80％-90％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法，其特征在于：根据步骤B在交联整理液中经二浸二轧后80-100℃预烘3-5min，在110-140℃下焙烘3-6min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法，其特征在于：根据步骤C氧化石墨烯印花丙纶织物浸渍在还原整理液中，80-90℃条件下保温1-1.5h，氧化石墨烯为多层氧化石墨烯，氧化石墨烯直径为0.5-50μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法，其特征在于：根据步骤C丙纶针刺无纺布的克重为100-400g/m2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述根据步骤C还原剂为保险粉，水合肼和抗坏血酸其中的一种，还原剂用量为20-25g/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光热海水淡化的纺织材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述B交联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH560，硅烷偶联剂KH570和水性聚氨酯其中的一种，交联剂用量为100-120g/L。
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