CN110845697B - 一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料 Download PDF

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CN110845697B
CN110845697B CN201911251879.6A CN201911251879A CN110845697B CN 110845697 B CN110845697 B CN 110845697B CN 201911251879 A CN201911251879 A CN 201911251879A CN 110845697 B CN110845697 B CN 110845697B
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孟繁勤
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Henan Duolun New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，涉及高分子材料应用领域，提供了稳定性好，气密性好，低导热系数的聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，所述聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，按照质量份数包括以下原料:所述聚醚多元醇40份、三聚氰胺聚醚15份、苯酐聚酯多元醇40份、聚醚四元醇5份、泡沫稳定剂3份、发泡剂HFC～245fa 12份、复合阻燃剂20份、水2.2份、扩链剂5～8份、五甲基环已胺1.0～2.5份、N～环已胺1.0～1.5份、三聚催化剂2.0～2.5份、三乙烯二胺0.3～0.4份和PAPI 1.0～1.25份，本发明的聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料具有快速成型特点，尺寸稳定性好，气密性好，低导热系数，高抗压强度等特点，解决了冷库保温性差的问题，又解决了材料易燃的问题难点，降低了火灾隐患。

Description

一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料应用领域，且特别涉及一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，用于冷库保温材料。
背景技术
本发明是采用聚酯多元醇和含磷含氮的聚醚多元醇和催化剂等原料研制的一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料。聚氨酯泡沫塑料作为一种新型的高阻燃材料，广泛应用于冷库保温。作为一种新型的高阻燃新材料，具有快速成型特点，尺寸稳定性好，气密性好，低导热系数，高抗压强度等特点，解决了冷库保温性差的问题，又解决了材料易燃的问题难点，降低了火灾隐患。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：本发明提供一种稳定性好，气密性好，低导热系数的聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料。
本发明为了实现上述目的具体采用以下技术方案：
一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料中包含的材料聚醚多元醇按照质量组份包括聚醚二元醇15～20份、聚醚三元醇15～20份和聚醚四元醇15～20份。
一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，按照质量份数包括以下原料：
聚醚多元醇40份、三聚氰胺聚醚15份、苯酐聚酯多元醇40份、聚醚四元醇5份、泡沫稳定剂3份、发泡剂HFC-245fa 12份、复合阻燃剂20份、水2.2份、扩链剂5～8份、五甲基环己胺1.0～2.5份、N-环己胺1.0～1.5份、三聚催化剂2.0～2.5份、三乙烯二胺0.3～0.4份和PAPI 1.0～1.25份。
优选地，所述PAPI为多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯。
优选地，所述阻燃剂为环保型TCPP和TEP。
优选地，所述扩链剂为三乙醇胺或403。
优选地，所述的聚醚四元醇聚合物优选450，所述苯酐聚酯二元醇聚合物优选7001，所述泡沫稳定剂优选德美的8805。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1.结构型阻燃产生分子内协同效应，比添加型阻燃剂物理混合阻燃效果更佳，结构型阻燃聚氨酯是通过聚合反应分子内结合阻断元素，不存在添加型阻燃剂挥发、溶出、迁移和渗出问题，能够长期保持优越的阻燃性能，由结构型阻燃聚醚制得的聚氨酯硬泡，具有较低的导热系数，较高的抗压强度，粘结性能好，尺寸稳定性佳等优异的机械物理性能。聚氨酯原材料分子链带有阻燃基团，配方体系中可不用或少用添加型阻燃剂。
2.聚氨酯的发泡倍率高添加型阻燃剂制得的组合聚醚由于阻燃剂易分解与催化剂发生反应，降低反应速度而致使组合聚醚失效；结构型阻燃聚醚配制的组合聚醚就避免了上述缺陷，因而储存稳定性好，优越的保温性能同时阻燃性能达到难燃级别，阻燃不会随着时间推移而析出，并且不含ODS物质，实现对环境的友好，真正减少了污染。
具体实施方案
为了本技术领域的人员更好的理解本发明，下面结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
聚醚多元醇的制备：按照重量组份取聚醚二元醇15份、聚醚三元醇15份和聚醚四元醇15份，搅拌均匀制备成聚醚多元醇。
一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，按照质量份数包括以下原料：聚醚多元醇40份、三聚氰胺聚醚15份、苯酐聚酯二元醇40份、聚醚四元醇5份、泡沫稳定剂德美88053份、发泡剂HFC-245fa 12份、三乙醇胺8份、环保型TCPP和TEP 20份、水2.2份、五甲基环己胺2.5份、N-环己胺1.5份、三聚催化剂2.5份、三乙烯二胺0.4份、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯1.25份，将上述原料进行搅拌后平摊倒在垫有塑料薄膜的台面上，然后进行如下实验检测：
1.泡沫熟化24小时以后测定物理性能如下：
Figure GDA0003479661560000021
2.现场工艺检测：
2.1发泡机以及技术参数如下：
品名：出口型聚氨酯气动喷涂/灌注设备JHPK-H30；
原料配比：1：1标配固定比例
原料粘度范围：200～1000CPS(操作温度下)
原料输出量：2～7.8Kg/分钟
原料加热功率：3000W*2
管路保温加热功率：3500W
加热温度范围：0℃～70℃
电源：三相四线380V 50Hz
气压源：0.5～0.8Mpa(70～120psi)≥1m3/min
单组份原料输出压力：5～13.8Mpa(725～2000psi)
ISO：POL 1：1.05
流量：2800g/s
工作压力(MPa)：ISO 15.8POL 17.2
2.2现场工艺条件：
(1)地区：郑州冷物流库现场条件；
(2)冷库两栋尺寸45×45×6米，要求保温厚度200mm；
(3)温度32度，室内29度；湿度90％
(4)墙面为毛墙，地面架空地坪毛地氰凝三道防水层，平整；
2.3操作如下：
(1)地面为氰凝0.2mm后氰凝，喷涂聚氨酯200mm，混凝土150mm，30mm耐磨层；
(2)墙面为氰凝0.2mm后氰凝，喷涂聚氨酯200mm，0.5mm灰白90型彩钢板防护；
(3)屋顶为氰凝0.2mm后氰凝，喷涂聚氨酯200mm，0.5mm灰白90型彩钢板防护；
现场进行检验，检验结果为：喷涂发泡保温、隔汽层、保温结构基层之间均没有出现空鼓、剥离和开裂现象；泡塑聚氨酯喷涂后的表观类似于“桔皮”，没有“爆米花”或“树皮状”的表面，没有表面出现明显隆起、塌陷、裂缝、针眼及结疤；在墙上取样品三块400×400×200聚氨酯塑料内部泡孔细腻，中心位置没有出现烧心、空鼓孔洞发泡不到位、收缩、断裂、糖心、等现象。
然后取现场喷涂中间的1000×600×150六块样品，将其中3块放置在冷库中进行保存，抽查三块测试参数如下：
Figure GDA0003479661560000031
送检(江苏化工所) 1# 2# 3#
氧指数 30.5 30.5 30.5
60s内焰高度(≤150) 90 90 90
本冷库运行一年后取封存样品检测如下:
Figure GDA0003479661560000041
送检(江苏化工所) 1# 2# 3#
氧指数 30·4 30·4 30·4
6os内焰高度(≤150) 89 89 89
实施例2
聚醚多元醇的制备：按照重量组份取聚醚二元醇15份、聚醚三元醇15份和聚醚四元醇15份，搅拌均匀制备成聚醚多元醇。
一种聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，按照质量份数包括以下原料：聚醚多元醇40份、三聚氰胺聚醚15份、苯酐聚酯二元醇40份、聚醚四元醇5份、泡沫稳定剂德美88053份、发泡剂HFC-245fa12份、三乙醇胺8份、环保型TCPP和TEP 20份、水2.2份、五甲基环己胺1.0份、N-环己胺1.0份、三聚催化剂2.0份、三乙烯二胺0.3份、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯1.0份。
将上述原料进行搅拌后平摊倒在垫有塑料薄膜的台面上，然后进行如下实验检测：
1.泡沫熟化24小时以后测定物理性能如下：
Figure GDA0003479661560000042
2.现场工艺检测：
2.1发泡机以及技术参数如下：
品名：出口型聚氨酯气动喷涂/灌注设备JHPK-H30
原料配比：1：1标配固定比例
原料粘度范围：200～1000CPS(操作温度下)
原料输出量：2～7.8Kg/分钟
原料加热功率：3000W*2
管路保温加热功率：3500W
加热温度范围：0℃～70℃
电源：三相四线380V 50Hz，可定制
气压源：0.5～0.8Mpa(70～120psi)≥1m3/min
单组份原料输出压力：5～13.8Mpa(725～2000psi)
ISO：POL 1：1.05
流量：2800g/s
工作压力(M Pa):ISO 15.8POL 17.2
2.2现场工艺条件:
地区：驿城冷物流库
冷库四栋尺寸42×40×5.7米，要求保温厚度180mm；
日期2017年12月15日晴，平均温度8，室内6度；湿度92％；
墙面为毛墙，地面架空地坪毛地氰凝三道防水层，平整；
2.3操作如下：
地面为氰凝0.2mm后氰凝，喷涂聚氨酯200mm，混凝土150mm，30mm耐磨层；
墙面为氰凝0.2mm后氰凝，喷涂聚氨酯180mm，0.5mm灰白90型彩钢板防护；
屋顶为氰凝0.2mm后氰凝，喷涂聚氨酯180mm，0.5mm灰白96型彩钢板防护
现场进行检验，检验结果为：喷涂发泡保温、隔汽层、保温结构基层之间均没有出现空鼓、剥离和开裂现象；泡塑聚氨酯喷涂后的表观类似于“桔皮”，没有“爆米花”或“树皮状”的表面，没有表面出现明显隆起、塌陷、裂缝、针眼及结疤；在墙上取样品三块400×400×200聚氨酯塑料内部泡孔细腻，中心位置没有出现烧心、空鼓孔洞发泡不到位、收缩、断裂、糖心、等现象。然后取现场喷涂中间的1000×600×150六块样品，放置在冷库中保存三块，抽查三块测试参数如下：
Figure GDA0003479661560000051
Figure GDA0003479661560000052
Figure GDA0003479661560000061
本冷库运行一年后取保存样品检测如下：
Figure GDA0003479661560000062
Figure GDA0003479661560000063
结论：综合实施例1和实施例2的检测数据可以看出本发明设计的符合冷库设计B1级难燃级阻燃性能要求，符合现场条件喷涂施工，整体连续性好，没有接缝隐患；导热系数、地面抗压强度、墙面顶面满足冷库设计要求；抗压强度符合设计要求；由于冷库现场是开放式施工，条件较恶劣，一栋冷库施工用时20天，本发明适合冷库全天使用，同时既保证聚氨酯高性能的保温效果又符合冷库设计难燃性能环保的要求，同时又完全满足间建材大规模化施工生产，同时可以通过冷库运行一年后的数据和刚喷涂时的数据对比，发现数据基本保持不变，证明其保温效果好，老化程度低，具有使用寿命长的好处。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，本发明的专利保护范围以权利要求书为准，凡是运用本发明的说明书内容所作的等同结构变化，同理均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种喷涂型聚氨酯阻燃泡沫材料，其特征在于，按照质量份数包括以下原料:
聚醚多元醇40份、三聚氰胺聚醚15份、苯酐聚酯多元醇40份、聚醚四元醇5份、泡沫稳定剂3份、发泡剂HFC-245fa 12份、复合阻燃剂20份、水2.2份、扩链剂5～8份、五甲基环己胺1.0～2.5份、N-环己胺1.0～1.5份、三聚催化剂2.0～2.5份、三乙烯二胺0.3～0.4份和PAPI1.0～1.25份；
所述聚醚多元醇按照如下方法制备：
取聚醚二元醇15～20份、聚醚三元醇15～20份和聚醚四元醇15～20份，搅拌均匀制备成聚醚多元醇；
所述复合阻燃剂为TCPP和TEP；
所述扩链剂为三乙醇胺或403；
所述的聚醚四元醇为450，所述苯酐聚酯多元醇为7001，所述泡沫稳定剂为德美的8805。
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