CN110842330A - Automatic welding machine for door belt of lower side door of open wagon and welding process of automatic welding machine - Google Patents
Automatic welding machine for door belt of lower side door of open wagon and welding process of automatic welding machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110842330A CN110842330A CN201911294070.1A CN201911294070A CN110842330A CN 110842330 A CN110842330 A CN 110842330A CN 201911294070 A CN201911294070 A CN 201911294070A CN 110842330 A CN110842330 A CN 110842330A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 359
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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Abstract
The utility model provides a gondola car downside door area automatic weld machine includes fuselage frame (1a), door area feed mechanism (1b), door plant feeding mechanism (1c), door plant feed mechanism (1d), removes welding mechanism (1e) and welds back feeding mechanism (1f), and its concrete welding process includes: door plant feeding mechanism (1c) will treat that the welding side door moves and send to the material loading position, will treat to weld the side door down by door plant feeding mechanism (1d) and move to the welding station, the manual work is placed the door area on door area feeding mechanism (1b), move the door area to the welding station by removing welding mechanism (1e), then welder descends and targets in place, weld, after the back welding, door plant feeding mechanism (1d) return, the side door area that will weld the completion returns to the material loading position, pick by postwelding extracting mechanism (1f) and transport to in the postwelding work piece collection device. The automatic welding machine and the welding process thereof can greatly improve the welding efficiency, reduce the working strength and improve the working environment, and have certain popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding of a lower side door belt of a railway wagon open wagon, in particular to an automatic welding machine for the lower side door belt of the open wagon and a welding process thereof.
Background
The corrosion of door plate is intercepted when exceeding the limit and the replacement is carried out when the area is more than 35 percent of the total area in the 'factory repair regulations of railway freight cars' issued by China railway general company. When the door panel is cracked, the door panel is cut or replaced, and when the lower side door or the door belt (hinge) is cut or replaced, two sides of the joint of the door panel and the door belt (hinge) as well as the upper end edge and the lower end edge need to be fully welded; when the joint of the upper and lower ends of the original door panel and the door belt (hinge) is not welded, sealing welding is needed.
At present, in the regular overhaul of domestic railway freight car vehicles, the lower side door strip of the open wagon is welded basically in a manual mode, and the welding quality depends on the quality, responsibility and mood of operators; the traditional manual welding operation mode has the following disadvantages:
1) the welding quality consistency of the door belt of the lower side door is poor, the welding quality is unstable, and the randomness is poor;
2) the working environment is poor, the indoor electric welding smoke pollution is serious, and the occupational health hazard is large;
3) the labor intensity of workers is high, and the working efficiency is low.
4) The lifting, moving and falling of the lower side door are completed manually, and the labor intensity is high.
In order to change the backward production status, it is necessary to develop an automatic welding machine for a lower side door belt of an open wagon, which can effectively improve the welding quality of the lower side door belt, improve the working environment and protect the physical and mental health of workers, and a welding process thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an automatic welding machine for a door belt of a lower side door of an open wagon and a welding process thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
An automatic welding machine for a door belt of a lower side door of an open wagon comprises a host, a control system and a power source, wherein the host comprises a machine body frame, a door belt feeding mechanism, a door plate feeding mechanism, a movable welding mechanism and a welded material taking mechanism; the door belt feeding mechanism is located on the moving route of the moving welding mechanism, and the moving routes of the door plate feeding mechanism and the welded material taking mechanism are crossed with the moving route of the door plate feeding mechanism. The machine body frame provides fixed support for the door belt feeding mechanism, the door plate feeding mechanism, the movable welding mechanism and the post-welding material taking mechanism, the control system is connected with the door belt feeding mechanism, the door plate feeding mechanism, the movable welding mechanism and the post-welding material taking mechanism, and the power source provides power for the door belt feeding mechanism, the door plate feeding mechanism, the movable welding mechanism and the post-welding material taking mechanism.
As above open wagon lower side door belt automatic weld machine, the fuselage frame is welded structure spare, the fuselage frame adopts thick wall rectangle steel pipe, each part of fuselage frame adopts high strength bolted connection, fixed through baseboard and ground.
According to the automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon, the door belt feeding mechanism comprises a door belt feeding supporting plate, a door belt feeding cylinder and a door belt feeding base; the door belt feeding support plate is connected with a door belt feeding base through a door belt feeding cylinder, a body of the door belt feeding cylinder is fixed on the door belt feeding base, a piston rod of the door belt feeding cylinder is fixedly connected with the door belt feeding support plate, the door belt feeding support plate can do vertical linear motion under the driving of the door belt feeding cylinder, the door belt feeding base is a welding structural member fixedly connected with the ground through a ground foot plate, and a door belt positioning support is fixedly installed on the door belt feeding support plate; the door belt feeding mechanism also comprises a door belt feeding mechanism position detection switch used for detecting the feeding supporting plate;
the door plate feeding mechanism comprises a door plate feeding base, a door plate feeding sliding block, a door plate feeding guide rail, a door plate feeding gear, a door plate feeding rack and a door plate feeding servo motor; the door plate feeding base is connected with the machine body frame in a sliding mode, the door plate feeding guide rail is fixedly arranged on the machine body frame, and the door plate feeding sliding block matched with the door plate feeding guide rail is fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base; the door plate feeding rack is fixedly installed on the machine body frame, the door plate feeding servo motor is fixedly installed on the door plate feeding base, an output shaft of the door plate feeding servo motor is fixedly connected with the door plate feeding gear, and the door plate feeding gear is connected with the door plate feeding rack; a door plate feeding vacuum sucker is fixedly connected below the door plate feeding base, the door plate feeding vacuum sucker is connected with the door plate feeding base through a door plate feeding cylinder, and a piston rod of the door plate feeding cylinder drives the door plate feeding vacuum sucker to move up and down; the door plate feeding mechanism also comprises a door plate feeding mechanism position detection switch used for detecting the position of the door plate feeding base;
the door plate feeding mechanism comprises a door plate feeding base, a door plate feeding servo motor, a door plate feeding gear, a door plate feeding rack and a screw rod lifter; the door plate feeding base drives a door plate feeding gear to be matched with a door plate feeding rack fixedly arranged on the machine body frame through a door plate feeding servo motor fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base to move linearly along a door plate feeding guide rail fixedly arranged on the machine body frame, and a door plate feeding sliding block matched with the door plate feeding guide rail is fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base; the door plate feeding base is provided with the screw rod lifter, and the screw rod lifter is used for lifting the door plate to a welding position; the door plate feeding mechanism further comprises a door plate feeding position detection switch for detecting the positions of the door plate feeding base and the door plate on the door plate feeding base;
the movable welding mechanism comprises a door belt grabbing and positioning device, a door plate welding device and a movable welding mechanism position detection switch;
the post-welding material taking mechanism comprises a post-welding material taking base, a post-welding material taking cylinder, a post-welding material taking vacuum chuck, a post-welding material taking slider, a post-welding material taking guide rail, a post-welding material taking servo motor, a post-welding material taking rack and a post-welding material taking gear; a piston rod of the post-welding material taking cylinder drives a post-welding material taking vacuum chuck to move downwards to grab a post-welding door plate, a cylinder body of the post-welding material taking cylinder is fixedly arranged on a post-welding material taking base, the post-welding material taking base is matched with a post-welding material taking guide rail fixed on the machine body frame through a post-welding material taking slider fixed on the post-welding material taking base to slide on the machine body frame along the post-welding material taking guide rail, an output shaft of a post-welding material taking servo motor is connected with a post-welding material taking gear, the post-welding material taking gear is matched with a post-welding material taking rack, and the post-welding material taking rack is fixedly; the welded material taking mechanism further comprises a welded material taking position detection switch used for detecting the position of the welded door panel.
The automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon is characterized in that the door belt feeding cylinder is an adjustable stroke cylinder.
The automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon comprises a movable welding support, a door belt grabbing guide rail, a door belt grabbing servo motor, a door belt grabbing gear, a door belt grabbing rack and a door belt clamping mechanism; the movable welding support is fixedly arranged on the machine body frame, a door belt grabbing gear is driven by a door belt grabbing servo motor along a door belt grabbing guide rail fixedly arranged on the machine body frame to move above a door belt in a matching way with a door belt grabbing rack on the machine body frame, and a door belt clamping mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the movable welding support; the position detection switch of the movable welding mechanism is used for detecting the position of the movable welding support;
the door plate welding device comprises a welding machine, a welding machine base, a door plate welding sliding block, a door plate welding guide rail, a door plate welding servo motor, a door plate welding gear, a door plate welding rack and a door plate welding cylinder; the welding machine is fixed on a welding machine base, the welding machine base is slidably connected with the machine body frame, a door plate welding sliding block is fixedly installed on the welding machine base, a door plate welding guide rail matched with the door plate welding sliding block is fixedly installed on the machine body frame, a door plate welding servo motor is fixedly installed on the welding machine base, and the door plate welding servo motor drives a door plate welding gear to be matched with a door plate welding rack on the machine body frame; the vertical movement of a welding gun of the welding machine is realized by a door plate welding cylinder, a body of the door plate welding cylinder is fixedly connected with a base of the welding machine, the welding machine is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the door plate welding cylinder, and a position detection switch of the movable welding mechanism is used for detecting the upper position and the lower position of the welding machine; the door plate welding device further comprises a displacement sensor for monitoring the position of a welding gun of the welding machine in real time; the door plate welding device comprises four welding machines, and the positions of the four welding machines correspond to four welding seams of the door belt and the lower side door.
According to the automatic welding machine for the door strips of the lower side door of the open wagon, the power source comprises a main power source, a compressed air source and a negative pressure source, the main power source provides power for the main machine and the control system, the compressed air source provides compressed air for all pneumatic actuating elements in the main machine, and the negative pressure source provides negative pressure for all vacuum chucks in the main machine.
A welding process adopting the automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the gondola car comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: checking whether the equipment is abnormal or not and whether the power source is normal and available or not, and then starting a control system;
step two: the door plate feeding mechanism moves the lower side door to be welded to a feeding position and then resets;
step three: placing the door belt to be welded on a door belt feeding mechanism;
step four: the movable welding mechanism moves to a door belt feeding station;
step five: the door belt feeding mechanism lifts the door belt, and the door plate feeding mechanism moves the lower side door to be welded to a welding station;
step six: the movable welding mechanism grabs the door belt, and the door belt feeding mechanism resets;
step seven: the movable welding mechanism moves to a welding station, the door plate feeding mechanism lifts a workpiece to a welding position, the movable welding mechanism compresses the fixed door belt, the welding gun descends in place, and moves along the welding position to finish welding;
step eight: the welding gun is lifted back and reset, the door belt is pressed, fixed and loosened, the door plate feeding mechanism is reset, and the welding of one lower side door is completed;
step nine: and the welded material taking mechanism descends to grab the welded lower side door, conveys the welded lower side door to the welded workpiece collecting device, and then ascends to reset.
Furthermore, the welding process is a process for welding one lower side door belt, and when another lower side door belt is subsequently welded, the steps in the third step and the subsequent steps are repeated.
Preferably, in the second step, a group of to-be-welded lower side doors are placed at a feeding station by a forklift, and the number of the to-be-welded lower side doors can be 10-30.
According to the welding process of the automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon, a positioning mode that the theoretical center line of the door belt is coincident with the designed center line of the door belt at the lower side door is adopted in the seventh step.
According to the welding process of the automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon, four carbon dioxide protection welding machines are adopted to simultaneously weld two door belts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the automatic welding machine for the lower side door belt of the open wagon and the welding process thereof greatly improve the welding efficiency, reduce the working strength and improve the working environment.
2. According to the automatic welding machine for the lower side door belt of the open wagon and the welding process thereof, the lifting and the separation of the welded lower side door are completed by adopting the vacuum chuck, so that the suction force when the surface flatness of the old lower side door which is qualified for refitting is in a limit value is ensured.
3. The invention relates to an automatic welding machine for a door belt of a lower side door of an open wagon and a welding process thereof, which adopt a positioning mode that a theoretical central line of the door belt is coincident with a designed central line of the door belt at the position of the lower side door, and solve the current situations that the widths of new and old door belts are inconsistent and welding gaps are unequal.
4. According to the automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon and the welding process thereof, four carbon dioxide protection welding machines are adopted to simultaneously weld two door belts, so that the welding efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
The aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic welding machine for a lower side door belt of an open wagon according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a door belt feeding mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a door belt feeding mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a door panel feeding mechanism and a post-weld take-off mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the mobile welding mechanism;
the components represented by the reference numerals in the figures are:
the welding machine comprises a main machine 1, a machine body frame 1a, a door belt feeding mechanism 1b, a door plate feeding mechanism 1c, a door plate feeding mechanism 1d, a movable welding mechanism 1e, a post-welding material taking mechanism 1f and a control system 2.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic welding machine for a lower side door belt of a gondola car according to an embodiment of the present invention. The automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon comprises a host 1, a control system 2, a pressure air source and a negative pressure source which are used for the host to realize functions, and a power supply.
The main machine 1 is composed of a machine body frame 1a, a door belt feeding mechanism 1b, a door plate feeding mechanism 1c, a door plate feeding mechanism 1d, a movable welding mechanism 1e and a post-welding material taking mechanism 1 f.
Wherein: the machine body frame 1a is a welding structural part, a main material is a thick-wall rectangular steel pipe, all parts are connected by high-strength bolts and fixed with the ground through the base plate, and equipment is convenient to adjust and maintain; the body frame 1a provides fixed support for other mechanisms of the main unit 1.
Referring to fig. 2, the door belt feeding mechanism 1b includes a door belt feeding support plate, a door belt feeding cylinder and a door belt feeding base, the door belt feeding cylinder employs a stroke-adjustable cylinder, the door belt feeding support plate is connected to the door belt feeding base through the cylinder, a body of the cylinder is fixed to the door belt feeding base, a piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the door belt feeding support plate, the door belt feeding support plate can move up and down linearly under the driving of the cylinder, the door belt feeding base is a welded structure fixedly connected to the ground through a ground plate, a door belt positioning support is fixedly mounted on the door belt feeding support plate, specifically, the door belt positioning support includes two door belt side positioning supports for positioning the long side of the door belt and one door belt front end positioning support for positioning the front end of the door belt, and two door belts are mounted on the support plate through bolts, so that four door belt side positioning supports and two door belt front end positioning supports are fixedly mounted on the support plate A frame; when door belt feeding operation is carried out, firstly, a door belt is manually placed on a door belt feeding supporting plate, the lateral side of the door belt is abutted against the planes of two door belt lateral side positioning supports to realize the transverse positioning of the door belt, and then the front end of the door belt is abutted against the door belt front end positioning support to realize the longitudinal positioning of the door belt; after the door belt is positioned on the door belt feeding supporting plate, the door belt feeding supporting plate is driven to ascend to a door belt feeding station through the air cylinder; a position detection switch is also arranged on the door belt feeding mechanism and used for detecting whether the feeding supporting plate ascends to the right position or descends to the right position.
The following exemplifies a position detection switch of the door belt feeding mechanism: two proximity switches are fixedly installed on the door belt feeding base, a block which can be detected by the proximity switches is fixed on the feeding supporting plate or a piston rod of the air cylinder, the block is detected by the two proximity switches when the feeding supporting plate rises to the place or falls to the place, and a detection signal of the proximity switches is transmitted to the control system 2; the position detection principle of other mechanisms in the patent is the same as that of the mechanism, and the position detection structure is not described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 3, the door feeding mechanism 1c includes a door feeding base, a door feeding slider, a door feeding guide rail, a door feeding gear, a door feeding rack, and a door feeding servo motor. The door plate feeding base is connected with the door plate feeding frame in a sliding mode, specifically, a guide rail is arranged on the door plate feeding frame, and a sliding block is arranged on the door plate feeding base and matched with the guide rail; a rack is fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding frame, a servo motor is fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base, an output shaft of the servo motor is connected with a gear, the gear and the rack are matched under the driving of the servo motor, the door plate feeding base moves linearly on the door plate feeding frame along a guide rail, and the door plate feeding frame, the door plate feeding mechanism 1d and the frame of the post-welding material taking mechanism 1f share one large welding structural part; a vacuum sucker is connected below the door plate feeding base, the vacuum sucker is connected with the door plate feeding base through an air cylinder, and a piston rod of the air cylinder drives the vacuum sucker to move up and down.
Further, the lower side doors to be welded are uniformly placed on the door plate feeding supporting plate below the door plate feeding mechanism 1c, and preferably, the centers of the lower side doors are opposite to the vacuum suction cups. The placing of lower side door is generally to place door plant in groups on door plant pay-off layer board through fork truck, and a set of door plant is generally no longer than 20, and door plant in groups is placed in a special frame, is provided with the locating part around the frame, makes the position of door plant in groups on door plant pay-off layer board unified, and frame and door plant pay-off layer board make the position of door plant in groups can the accurate determination through the round pin location again. The vacuum chuck descends under the action of the cylinder until the vacuum chuck contacts with the door panel and sucks up the door panel, the door panel feeding base is driven by the door panel feeding servo motor to do linear motion along a guide rail on the door panel feeding frame, the door panel is conveyed to the feeding station from the feeding station, the vacuum chuck descends and loosens the door panel, and the door panel falls on the base of the door panel feeding mechanism 1 d.
Furthermore, a position detection switch is also arranged on the door plate feeding mechanism 1c, so that the position of the door plate feeding base can be detected, closed-loop control is formed by the position detection switch and the servo motor, and the accurate and safe positioning is ensured.
In this embodiment, the vacuum chuck, also called a vacuum sling, is one of the vacuum device actuators. Generally, gripping an article with a vacuum chuck is one of the least expensive methods. The working principle of the vacuum chuck is as follows: first, the vacuum sucker is communicated with vacuum equipment such as a vacuum generator through a connecting pipe, then the vacuum sucker is contacted with an object to be lifted, the vacuum equipment is started to suck, negative air pressure is generated in the sucker, and therefore the object to be lifted is firmly sucked, and the object to be lifted can be carried. When the object to be lifted is conveyed to a destination, the air is stably inflated into the vacuum chuck, so that the negative air pressure in the vacuum chuck is changed into zero air pressure or slightly positive air pressure, the vacuum chuck is separated from the object to be lifted, and the task of lifting and conveying the object is completed.
Referring to fig. 4, the door plate feeding mechanism 1d includes a door plate feeding base, a door plate feeding servo motor, a door plate feeding gear, a door plate feeding rack, and a screw elevator. The door plate conveying mechanism is used for conveying the door plate conveyed by the door plate feeding mechanism 1c to a welding station and lifting the door plate to a welding position to complete the combined welding of the door plate and the door belt. The door plate feeding base drives a door plate feeding gear to be matched with a door plate feeding rack fixedly arranged on the machine body frame (1a) through a door plate feeding servo motor fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base, and moves linearly along a door plate feeding guide rail fixedly arranged on the machine body frame (1a), and a door plate feeding sliding block matched with the door plate feeding guide rail is fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base; the screw rod lifter is installed on the door plate feeding base, and when the door plate feeding base slides to a welding station, the servo motor fixed on the door plate feeding base drives the screw rod lifter to lift the door plate to a welding position. The position of door plant feed mechanism 1d still is equipped with detection switch, can detect door plant material loading base and door plant position above that, constitutes closed-loop control with servo motor, guarantees the accurate safety of location.
Furthermore, the screw rod lifter comprises parts such as a worm gear, a box body, a bearing, a lead screw and the like. The working principle is as follows: the motor or the worm is driven by hand to rotate, the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate at a reduced speed, the inner cavity of the worm wheel is processed into an internal thread, the internal thread is matched with the screw rod, the screw rod is prevented from rotating through the rotation stopping mechanism (for example, a long rotation stopping groove is formed in the screw rod and is connected with other fixed parts) and the worm wheel can only drive the screw rod to move up and down when rotating.
Referring to fig. 5, the movable welding mechanism 1e is a core part of the automatic welding machine, and includes a door belt grabbing and positioning device, a door panel welding device, and a movable welding mechanism position detection switch. The movable welding mechanism 1e moves along a linear guide rail arranged on the frame of the movable welding mechanism 1e, and the following work is completed: the door belt is grabbed and positioned and the door plate is welded, and the linear movement of the door belt on the frame is realized by adopting a servo motor to drive a precise gear and a precise rack to move and cooperate. And a welding gun is assembled on the movable welding mechanism 1e, the welding gun moves linearly along the welding seam by adopting a servo motor matched with a linear motion module, and the welding gun is lifted by an air cylinder. Preferably, the welding gun is controlled by a cylinder with adjustable stroke, so that the vertical movement of the welding gun is realized
Furthermore, the door belt grabbing and positioning device comprises a movable welding support, a door belt grabbing guide rail, a door belt grabbing servo motor, a door belt grabbing gear, a door belt grabbing rack and a door belt clamping mechanism. After the door belt feeding mechanism 1b lifts the door belt to a door belt feeding station, the movable welding mechanism 1e moves to the position above the door belt through the matching of a servo motor drive gear and a rack on a frame of the welding mechanism along a guide rail on a large frame where the movable welding mechanism is located, the lower part of the movable welding mechanism 1e is provided with a door belt clamping mechanism, the door belt clamping mechanism pushes an inlet centering rod to be inserted into a head hole of the door belt through a centering cylinder and presses the inlet centering rod against a fixed surface, the door belt clamping mechanism presses a tail part of the door belt against the fixed surface through a locking cylinder to lock the tail part of the door belt, the door belt clamping mechanism is provided with a supporting plane below the door belt to be contacted with the lower surface of the door belt when the head part and the tail part of the door belt are in place, the door belt clamping mechanism presses an upper plane of the door belt through two pressing cylinders, then drives the servo motor to drive the movable welding mechanism 1e to move to the position above the door plate, and the movable, the position of the welding mechanism 1e can be positioned, and the welding mechanism and the servo motor form closed-loop control, so that accurate and safe positioning is guaranteed.
Door plant welding theory of operation: after the movable welding mechanism 1e moves to the welding station, the door plate feeding mechanism 1d lifts the workpiece to the welding position, the movable welding mechanism 1e compresses the fixed door belt, the welding gun descends in place, and moves along the welding position to complete welding.
Furthermore, the door plate welding device comprises a welding machine, the welding machine is driven by a servo linear unit along the displacement of the welding line direction, the welding machine is fixed on a welding machine base, the welding machine base is slidably connected with a frame of the movable welding mechanism 1e, namely a sliding block is fixedly arranged on the welding machine base, the frame of the movable welding mechanism 1e is provided with a guide rail matched with the sliding block, a servo motor is fixedly arranged on the welding machine base, and a servo motor driving gear is matched with a rack on the frame of the movable welding mechanism 1 e; the vertical movement of the welding gun is realized by an air cylinder, the stroke is adjustable, namely the welding gun is connected with a piston rod of the air cylinder with the adjustable stroke, the body of the air cylinder is fixedly connected with a base of the welding machine, and a welding wire of the welding gun is provided by a wire feeder fixedly arranged on a frame of the movable welding mechanism 1 e; monitoring the position of a welding gun of the welding machine in real time by using a displacement sensor; preferably, the door plate welding device comprises four welding machines, and the positions of the four welding machines correspond to four welding seams of the door belt and the lower side door.
In this embodiment, the material taking mechanism 1f after welding includes a material taking base after welding, a material taking cylinder after welding, a material taking sucker after welding, a material taking slider after welding, a material taking guide rail after welding, a material taking servo motor after welding, a material taking rack after welding and a material taking gear after welding, see fig. 4. The cylinder body of the post-welding material taking cylinder is fixedly arranged on a post-welding material taking base, the post-welding material taking base is matched with a post-welding material taking guide rail fixed on the machine body frame 1a through a post-welding material taking slider fixed on the post-welding material taking base to slide along the post-welding material taking guide rail, an output shaft of a post-welding material taking servo motor is connected with a post-welding material taking gear, the post-welding material taking gear is matched with a post-welding material taking rack, and the post-welding material taking rack is fixedly arranged on the machine body frame 1 a; the welded material taking mechanism 1f further comprises a welded material taking position detection switch for detecting the position of the welded door panel.
Further, the post-welding material taking sucker of the post-welding material taking mechanism 1f is a vacuum sucker. After the welding task is completed, the door plate feeding mechanism 1d conveys the workpiece back to the feeding station, a piston rod of the welded material taking cylinder drives a welded material taking sucker to move downwards to grab the welded door plate, the welded material taking mechanism 1f moves to the welded blanking position, and the working principle that the welded material taking mechanism 1f slides linearly along the frame of the welded material taking mechanism is the same as that of the slide block guide rail of other mechanisms and the servo motor driving gear rack, so that the description is omitted; after the welded material taking mechanism 1f moves to the welded material discharging position, a travel switch sends a signal, the welded material taking mechanism 1f stops sliding, a material taking cylinder moves downwards, a welded door plate is placed on a movable trolley or a material pallet, and the welded door plate is transported and removed by a forklift after being accumulated to a certain number (20 pieces are designed into one batch).
Certainly, the adsorption mode of side door under the back of welding also can adopt the electro-magnet that magnetic force is big to adsorb, but discovery in practice, the adsorption mode of electro-magnet receives temperature and activity duration influence great, and in use often takes place the circumstances that the side door adsorbs infirm, drops under the back of welding, increases electromagnet size in order to increase adsorption magnetic force several times, but adsorption effect still is not obvious. In order to thoroughly eliminate hidden dangers, the material taking sucker after welding is preferably a vacuum sucker so as to thoroughly eliminate the influence of temperature on the adsorption force.
In this embodiment, the control system 2 includes a PLC, a touch screen, a servo motor driver, a power supply, a relay, a contactor, a button switch, and a control cabinet. A touch screen + button mode of operation is employed. Main power 3 phase 4 line AC 380V, control voltage DC 24V. PLC adopts the mitsubishi product, and servo motor is the Taida product, and position detection switch is ohm dragon product. The servo motor and the position detection switch are connected with the control system.
The air cylinders used in the main unit 1 are driven by compressed air, an air compressor set is generally used in a centralized manner in the existing factory to provide compressed air for the whole factory in a centralized manner, and the maximum air pressure of an air source of the equipment is 0.7MPa, and the used air pressure is 0.55 MPa. In order to ensure the cleanness and energy conservation of the compressed air, the pneumatic system adopts two-stage filtration to ensure a clean air source. The air source processing and controlling system includes pressure air filtering and regulating element, pipeline and accessories, reversing valve, speed regulating element, electromagnetic valve, etc.
The negative pressure required by the vacuum chuck is generated by a vacuum generator.
The vacuum generator is a novel, efficient, clean, economic and small vacuum component which utilizes a positive pressure air source to generate negative pressure, so that the negative pressure can be obtained easily and conveniently in a place with compressed air or in a place needing the positive and negative pressure in a pneumatic system. Vacuum generators are widely used in industrial automation in the fields of machinery, electronics, packaging, printing, plastics, robots, and the like. The traditional application of the vacuum generator is that the sucker is matched to adsorb and carry various materials, and the vacuum generator is particularly suitable for adsorbing fragile, soft and thin nonferrous, nonmetallic or spherical objects. In the applications, the common characteristics are that the required air pumping amount is small, the requirement on the vacuum degree is not high, and the intermittent operation is realized.
The process flow of the automatic welding machine for the side door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon during welding of the lower side door is as follows:
1. firstly, whether the equipment is abnormal or not and whether a power source is normally available or not are checked, and then the system is started.
2. The lower side door group (generally 20 doors/batch) is manually placed on the feeding supporting plate, and the door plate feeding mechanism 1c automatically moves the lower side door to be welded to a feeding position and then resets.
3. The door belt is manually placed on the positioning plate of the door belt feeding mechanism 1 b.
4. And starting the system program to run.
The following actions are automatically performed for the device:
5. the mobile welding mechanism 1e moves to the door belt feeding station.
6. The door belt lifts, and door plant feed mechanism 1d will treat to weld the lower side door and remove to the welding station simultaneously.
7. The movable welding mechanism 1e grabs the door belt, and the door belt feeding mechanism 1b resets.
8. The movable welding mechanism 1e moves to a welding station, the door plate feeding mechanism 1d lifts a workpiece to a welding position, the movable welding mechanism 1e compresses a fixed door belt, the welding gun descends in place, and moves along the welding position to complete welding.
9. And the welding gun rises and resets, the door belt is pressed, fixed and loosened, the door plate feeding mechanism 1d resets, and the welding of one lower side door is completed.
10. And the welded material taking mechanism descends to grab the welded lower side door, conveys the welded lower side door to the welded workpiece collecting device, and then ascends to reset.
Furthermore, the welding process is a process for welding one lower side door belt, and when another lower side door belt is subsequently welded, the steps in the third step and the subsequent steps are repeated.
Steps 7-9 are the core part of the welding process of this patent: the automatic door area of accomplishing snatchs location, door plant weldment work, adopts four carbon dioxide protection welding machines to carry out two door areas and welds simultaneously, promotes welding efficiency by a wide margin.
Preferably, when the lower side door is maintained, the new door belt and the old door belt have inconsistent widths, and the welding process adopts a positioning mode that the theoretical center line of the door belt is coincident with the design center line of the door belt at the lower side door, so that the current situations that the widths of the new door belt and the old door belt are inconsistent and the welding gaps are different are solved; the specific positioning mode needs to set the position detection switches of the functional mechanisms of the host according to actual conditions when the equipment is debugged, so that the theoretical central line of the door belt coincides with the design central line of the door belt at the lower side door.
Preferably, the welding gun in the step 8 is controlled by a cylinder with adjustable stroke, so that the welding gun can vertically move and can avoid the position of the door ring in the welding process.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A welding process of a door belt of a lower side door of an open wagon is characterized in that an automatic welding machine of the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon is adopted for welding;
the automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon comprises a machine body frame (1a), a door belt feeding mechanism (1b), a door plate feeding mechanism (1c), a door plate feeding mechanism (1d), a movable welding mechanism (1e) and a welded material taking mechanism (1f), wherein the door belt feeding mechanism (1b) is located on a moving route of the movable welding mechanism (1e), and moving routes of the door plate feeding mechanism (1c) and the welded material taking mechanism (1f) are crossed with a moving route of the door plate feeding mechanism (1 d);
the welding process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: whether the equipment is abnormal or not and whether the power source is normal or not are checked, and then a control system (2) is started;
step two: the door plate feeding mechanism (1c) moves a door to be welded at a feeding station to a feeding position, and then the door plate feeding mechanism (1c) resets;
step three: placing the door belt to be welded on the door belt feeding mechanism (1 b);
step four: the movable welding mechanism (1e) moves to a door belt feeding station;
step five: the door belt feeding mechanism (1b) lifts the door belt, and the door plate feeding mechanism (1d) moves the lower side door to be welded to a welding station;
step six: the movable welding mechanism (1e) grabs the door belt, and then the door belt feeding mechanism (1b) resets;
step seven: the movable welding mechanism (1e) moves to a welding station, the door plate feeding mechanism (1d) lifts a workpiece to a welding position, the movable welding mechanism (1e) compresses the fixed door belt, a welding gun of the movable welding mechanism (1e) descends to a proper position and moves along the welding position to finish welding;
step eight: the welding gun of the movable welding mechanism (1e) rises and resets, the door belt is pressed, fixed and loosened, the door plate feeding mechanism (1d) resets, and welding of one lower side door is completed;
step nine: the welded material taking mechanism (1f) descends to grab the welded lower side door, conveys the welded lower side door to the welded workpiece collecting device, and then ascends to reset.
2. The welding process of the door belt of the open wagon lower side door is characterized in that a positioning mode that the theoretical center line of the door belt is coincident with the designed center line of the door belt at the lower side door is adopted in the seventh step.
3. The welding process of the open wagon lower side door belt is characterized in that the movable welding mechanism (1e) comprises four carbon dioxide protection welding machines, and two door belts can be welded at the same time.
4. The automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the open wagon is characterized by comprising a main machine (1), a control system (2) and a power source, wherein the main machine (1) comprises a machine body frame (1a), a door belt feeding mechanism (1b), a door plate feeding mechanism (1c), a door plate feeding mechanism (1d), a movable welding mechanism (1e) and a post-welding material taking mechanism (1 f); the machine body frame (1a) provides fixed support for the door belt feeding mechanism (1b), the door plate feeding mechanism (1c), the door plate feeding mechanism (1d), the movable welding mechanism (1e) and the post-welding taking mechanism (1f), the control system (2) is connected with the door belt feeding mechanism (1b), the door plate feeding mechanism (1c), the door plate feeding mechanism (1d), the movable welding mechanism (1e) and the post-welding taking mechanism (1f), and the power source provides power for the door belt feeding mechanism (1b), the door plate feeding mechanism (1c), the door plate feeding mechanism (1d), the movable welding mechanism (1e) and the post-welding taking mechanism (1 f).
5. The open wagon lower side door belt automatic welding machine is characterized in that the machine body frame (1a) is a welded structural part, the machine body frame (1a) is made of thick-wall rectangular steel pipes, and all parts of the machine body frame (1a) are connected through high-strength bolts and fixed with the ground through ground plates.
6. The automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the gondola car as claimed in claim 4, wherein the door belt feeding mechanism (1b) comprises a door belt feeding pallet, a door belt feeding cylinder and a door belt feeding base; the door belt feeding support plate is connected with a door belt feeding base through a door belt feeding cylinder, and a door belt positioning support is arranged on the door belt feeding support plate;
the door plate feeding mechanism (1c) comprises a door plate feeding base, a door plate feeding sliding block, a door plate feeding guide rail, a door plate feeding gear, a door plate feeding rack and a door plate feeding servo motor; the door plate feeding base is connected with the machine body frame (1a) in a sliding mode, the door plate feeding guide rail is fixedly installed on the machine body frame (1a), and the door plate feeding sliding block matched with the door plate feeding guide rail is fixedly installed on the door plate feeding base; the door plate feeding rack is fixedly arranged on the machine body frame (1a), the door plate feeding servo motor is fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base, an output shaft of the door plate feeding servo motor is fixedly connected with the door plate feeding gear, and the door plate feeding gear is connected with the door plate feeding rack; a door plate feeding sucker is fixedly connected below the door plate feeding base and is connected with the door plate feeding base through a door plate feeding cylinder;
the door plate feeding mechanism (1d) comprises a door plate feeding base, a door plate feeding servo motor, a door plate feeding gear, a door plate feeding rack and a screw rod lifter; the door plate feeding base drives a door plate feeding gear to be matched with a door plate feeding rack fixedly arranged on the machine body frame (1a) through a door plate feeding servo motor fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base to move linearly along a door plate feeding guide rail fixedly arranged on the machine body frame (1a), and a door plate feeding sliding block matched with the door plate feeding guide rail is fixedly arranged on the door plate feeding base; the door plate feeding base is provided with the screw rod lifter, and the screw rod lifter is used for lifting the door plate to a welding position;
the movable welding mechanism (1e) comprises a door belt grabbing and positioning device, a door plate welding device and a movable welding mechanism position detection switch;
the post-welding material taking mechanism (1f) comprises a post-welding material taking base, a post-welding material taking cylinder, a post-welding material taking sucker, a post-welding material taking slider, a post-welding material taking guide rail, a post-welding material taking servo motor, a post-welding material taking rack and a post-welding material taking gear; the welding-backing material taking mechanism is characterized in that a piston rod of the welding-backing material taking cylinder drives a welding-backing material taking sucker to move downwards to grab a welded door plate, a cylinder body of the welding-backing material taking cylinder is fixedly installed on a welding-backing material taking base, the welding-backing material taking base is matched with a welding-backing material taking guide rail on a machine body frame (1a) to slide along the welding-backing material taking guide rail through a welding-backing material taking slider fixed on the welding-backing material taking base, an output shaft of a welding-backing material taking servo motor is connected with a welding-backing material taking gear, the welding-backing material taking gear is matched with a welding-backing material taking rack, and the welding-backing material taking rack is fixedly installed on the machine body.
7. The open wagon lower side door belt automatic welding machine is characterized in that the door belt feeding mechanism (1b) further comprises a door belt feeding mechanism position detection switch for detecting a feeding supporting plate; the door plate feeding mechanism (1c) further comprises a door plate feeding mechanism position detection switch for detecting the position of the door plate feeding base; the door plate feeding mechanism (1d) further comprises a door plate feeding position detection switch for detecting the positions of the door plate feeding base and the door plate on the door plate feeding base; the welded material taking mechanism (1f) further comprises a welded material taking position detection switch used for detecting the position of the welded door panel.
8. The automatic welding machine for the door belt of the lower side door of the gondola car as claimed in claim 6, wherein the door belt grabbing and positioning device of the mobile welding mechanism (1e) comprises a mobile welding support, a door belt grabbing guide rail, a door belt grabbing servo motor, a door belt grabbing gear, a door belt grabbing rack and a door belt clamping mechanism; the movable welding support is fixedly arranged on the machine body frame (1a) along a door belt grabbing guide rail, a door belt grabbing gear is driven by a door belt grabbing servo motor to move above a door belt in a matching way with a door belt grabbing rack on the machine body frame (1a), and a door belt clamping mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the movable welding support;
the door plate welding device comprises a welding machine, a welding machine base, a door plate welding sliding block, a door plate welding guide rail, a door plate welding servo motor, a door plate welding gear, a door plate welding rack and a door plate welding cylinder; the welding machine is fixed on a welding machine base, the welding machine base is slidably connected with the machine body frame (1a), a door plate welding sliding block is fixedly installed on the welding machine base, a door plate welding guide rail matched with the door plate welding sliding block is fixedly installed on the machine body frame (1a), a door plate welding servo motor is fixedly installed on the welding machine base, and a door plate welding gear driven by the door plate welding servo motor is matched with a door plate welding rack on the machine body frame (1 a); the vertical movement of a welding gun of the welding machine is realized by a door plate welding cylinder, a body of the door plate welding cylinder is fixedly connected with a base of the welding machine, the welding machine is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the door plate welding cylinder, and a position detection switch of the movable welding mechanism is used for detecting the upper position and the lower position of the welding machine; the door plate welding device further comprises a displacement sensor used for monitoring the position of a welding gun of the welding machine in real time.
9. The open wagon lower side door belt automatic welding machine as claimed in any one of claims 6-8, wherein the door panel feeding suction cups and/or the post-welding material taking suction cups comprise vacuum suction cups.
10. The open wagon lower side door belt automatic welding machine is characterized in that the power source comprises a main power source, a compressed air source and a negative pressure source, the main power source supplies power to the main machine (1) and the control system (2), the compressed air source supplies compressed air to all pneumatic actuating elements in the main machine (1), and the negative pressure source supplies negative pressure to all vacuum chucks in the main machine (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911294070.1A CN110842330B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Automatic welding machine for door strip of lower side door of open wagon and welding process of automatic welding machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911294070.1A CN110842330B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Automatic welding machine for door strip of lower side door of open wagon and welding process of automatic welding machine |
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| CN110842330A true CN110842330A (en) | 2020-02-28 |
| CN110842330B CN110842330B (en) | 2024-05-07 |
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| CN201911294070.1A Active CN110842330B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Automatic welding machine for door strip of lower side door of open wagon and welding process of automatic welding machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113102924A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广州荣裕智能机械有限公司 | Welding machine for thermosensitive wires of thermometers |
| CN117961357A (en) * | 2024-03-30 | 2024-05-03 | 山东沃伦门窗有限公司 | Door and window welding machine |
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| CN211192438U (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-08-07 | 北京首铁中博机械设备有限公司 | Automatic welding machine for door belt of lower side door of open wagon |
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| CN2928357Y (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2007-08-01 | 中国南车集团戚墅堰机车车辆厂 | Automatic welder for railway freight train open car bottom side door |
| CN102166681A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-08-31 | 西安轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Automatic overhead welding system for external horizontal fillet welds between end wall and end beam of gondola car |
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| CN110842330B (en) | 2024-05-07 |
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