CN110839628B - Preparation method of bactrocera minax imago attractant - Google Patents
Preparation method of bactrocera minax imago attractant Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a bactrocera minax imago attractant, and belongs to the technical field of bactrocera minax control medicines. The Bactrocera minax imago attractant is developed by utilizing the characteristic that the Bactrocera minax imago likes the male inflorescence of Chinese chestnuts, so that compared with the existing attractant which is prepared by utilizing the common habit that phytophagous insects have tropism to sugar, wine and vinegar and need to supplement nutrition after eclosion of imagoes, the attractant has better attraction effect, further the purposes of enhancing the strong trapping and killing efficiency of the Bactrocera minax imago and improving the prediction and prediction accuracy of the Bactrocera minax imago are achieved, and the using requirements of people are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a bactrocera minax imago attractant, and belongs to the technical field of bactrocera minax control medicines.
Background
The Bactrocera minax, commonly known as "citrus maggot", belongs to the family of Bactroceraceae of Diptera, is a destructive pest which damages citrus and is an explant epidemic-detecting pest in China. Citrus fruit flies mainly damage citrus plants such as lime, lemon, grapefruit, sweet orange, fingered citron, tangerine and the like. The hazard range is very wide, and the hazard range comprises most citrus producing areas in China.
The citrus fruit flies grow one generation in one year, emerge in the period from 4 months to 5 months, fly into a forest near a citrus orchard after emergence to take food and supplement nutrition, then fly into the citrus orchard in the period from 6 months to 7 months, and lay eggs on citrus. Hatching for 8-9 months, then, immature yellow damaged oranges appear in the orange garden, damaged oranges fall off in 10-11 months, and bactrocera minax larvae are drilled out from the oranges and drilled into shallow soil to pupate; overwintering in soil in pupa form, wherein the pupa depth reaches 3-6CM, and the pupa period is about 150-. The insect can make the loss rate of fruit about 20-30%, and reduce production seriously to make the loss more than 90%. At present, the following four methods are mainly adopted for controlling the bactrocera minax: 1. the citrus fly pupae can not smoothly emerge out of the soil by adopting a mode of ploughing the soil in winter. 2. The adult insects are trapped and killed by using traps or fly-luring balls added with attractants. 3. Spraying mixed insecticide with attractant to trap and kill imagoes. 4. Collecting fallen fruits, filling the fallen fruits into a thick plastic bag, and suffocating the larvae in the fallen fruits, so that the larvae can not smoothly penetrate into shallow soil to pupate. The mode of ploughing soil has the problem of wasting time and labor, and the mode can not dominate the prevention and control of Bactrocera minax, and excessive pesticide spraying can cause environmental pollution and influence the health of people and livestock. Therefore, people often adopt the attractant with simplicity, feasibility, lower cost and certain trapping effect to predict, forecast and trap and kill the adult citrus fruit fly.
The existing attractant for the bactrocera minax is disclosed as an adult food attractant for the bactrocera minax, which is prepared by mixing essence, sugar, acetic acid, ethanol and water, wherein the application number of the attractant is 200710053497.3; the patent with the application number of 200910272420.4 discloses a citrus fruit fly slow-release attractant, which mainly comprises carbohydrates, protein sources, fruit extracts, toxic components and the like; it is prepared by utilizing the habits of phytophagous insects that the phytophagous insects have tropism to sugar, wine and vinegar and need to supplement nutrition after the imagoes are eclosion. For those skilled in the art, the adult phytophagous insects need to be supplemented with nutrients after emergence, and have the characteristic of favoring certain specific volatile substances when seeking hosts, besides having a common tropism for sugar, wine and vinegar. In the case of the Bactrocera minax (T.minax) which flies into the forest near the citrus orchard after emergence for taking food and supplementing nutrition, the Bactrocera minax (T.minax, Huadenke, chapter and the like) is particularly preferred to move on the chestnut male flower sequence, the behavior reaction of the adult Bactrocera minax to chestnut volatile matters is shown in J.474.environmental insects academic newspaper, 2018, 40 (2): 474 and 484), and the phenomenon shows that the chestnut male flower sequence has strong attraction capacity to the adult Bactrocera minax. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an attractant aiming at the characteristic that the bactrocera minax likes the inflorescence of the male flowers of the Chinese chestnuts so as to achieve the purposes of improving the attraction effect of the existing attractant, enhancing the trapping and killing efficiency and improving the prediction accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: by utilizing the characteristic that the adult citrus fruit fly likes the inflorescence of the male flowers of the Chinese chestnuts, the adult citrus fruit fly attractant is developed so as to achieve the purposes of improving the attraction effect of the existing attractant, enhancing the trapping and killing efficiency and improving the prediction accuracy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an adult bactrocera minax attractant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
myrcene 6.83 limonene 3.67
Alpha-pinene 0.5 isobutyraldehyde 10
Phenylmethyl acetate 6.83 Phenylacetaldehyde 5
Butyl acetate 2.75 n-hexane 10
Weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and placing in a closed glass bottle to obtain the finished citrus fruit fly adult attractant.
The invention has the advantages that: the Bactrocera minax imago attractant is developed by utilizing the characteristic that the Bactrocera minax imago likes the male inflorescence of Chinese chestnuts, so that compared with the existing attractant which is prepared by utilizing the common habit that phytophagous insects have tropism to sugar, wine and vinegar and need to supplement nutrition after eclosion of imagoes, the attractant has better attraction effect, further the purposes of enhancing the strong trapping and killing efficiency of the Bactrocera minax imago and improving the prediction and prediction accuracy of the Bactrocera minax imago are achieved, and the using requirements of people are met.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The bactrocera minax imago attractant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
myrcene 6.83 limonene 3.67
Alpha-pinene 0.5 isobutyraldehyde 10
Phenylmethyl acetate 6.83 Phenylacetaldehyde 5
Butyl acetate 2.75 n-hexane 10
Weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and placing in a closed glass bottle to obtain the finished citrus fruit fly adult attractant.
The invention is developed on the basis of reaching the characteristics of plants by utilizing the identification of the citrus fruit fly imago on the chemical fingerprint of the volatile compounds of the male inflorescence or the leaves of the Chinese chestnut through an olfactory receptor. Because plant volatiles of different species exhibit different physiological activities to phytophagous insects, or cause them to tend, repel, or not react (neither tend nor repel). Different concentrations of the same substance also show different physiological activities to phytophagous insects, the reaction of the insects to each volatile substance changes along with the change of the concentration, when the concentration is lower, the reaction is not very strong, and when the concentration reaches a certain degree, the reaction is enhanced along with the change of the concentration, but the reaction is not stronger when the concentration is higher, and the insects have a certain limit to the concentration of the volatile substance which can cause the maximum reaction of the insects. Thus, different kinds of plant volatiles and their specific concentration composition are important factors affecting the insect response.
The selection of the components and the proportion of the attractant in the present application are determined in the following manner.
1. Determining attractant component raw materials;
the applicant carried out a reaction test on the selective behavior of bactrocera minax adults on 11 chestnut volatile compounds (in addition, n-hexane as a solvent is used as a control) by using a Y-type olfactometer, and the test process is as follows:
1.1 sources and materials of insect to be tested
A test insect source: collecting larvae in a citrus orchard of Chen shop town of Songzi city of Hubei province in 2017 month without prevention and control measures, bringing the collected larvae back to an insect ecology laboratory of Changjiang university, burying the collected larvae in river sand with the thickness of 5-7cm, transferring the pupae into plastic basins (with the diameter of 17cm and the height of 11cm) containing river sand (with the thickness of 5-7cm) in stages and batches after the larvae pupate, and keeping the soil humidity to be about 20%. Collecting eclosion imagoes, feeding in an insect cage (35cm multiplied by 35cm), feeding food which is a mixture of yeast extract powder (pure flavor type, Qingdao Haibo biotechnology limited) and cane sugar (chemical purity, Beijing Kangpuhuiwei science limited) uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, and taking the fed 22-day-old imagoes as a test insect source.
Combining the existing literature on fruit fly plant attractants and chestnut volatile compounds, 11 chestnut volatile compounds are selected: myrcene, limonene, and alpha-pinene [ DENTIANHUA, Huadenke, chapter of chapter, etc. ] the behavioral response of adult Bactrocera minax to chestnut volatiles (J) environmental insect proceedings, 2018, 40 (2) 474-, Phenylacetaldehyde and cis-3-hexen-1-ol [ Dongyi, Arthur, xushu, etc.. GC-MS analysis (J) of volatile chemical components of fruits and leaves of chestnut varieties of insect-resistant and insect-sensitive (J) academic report of fruit trees 2012, 29 (6): 1052- & 1056 ]. In addition, n-hexane, a solvent, was used as a control. The 12 compounds (chromatographic grade) were purchased from sigma.
1.2 test procedure
Test treatment settings are set, the attraction source is 11 standard compounds, and 44 treatments are respectively carried out by referring to methods such as Du Tian Hua and the like [ Du Tian Hua, Huadenke, Hezhang chapter, and the like, behavioral reaction of bactrocera minax imagoes on chestnut volatile matters (J); environmental insect bulletins, 2018, 40 (2): 474-. The insect source to be tested is male and female adult citrus fruit flies of 22 days old. The adults were 1 adult per selection behavior test, and 30 adults with behavior selection for each odor were repeated (female: male ratio 1: 1).
The test was carried out by referring to methods of Du Tian Hua et al [ Du Tian Hua, Hua Denke, Haoyang chapter, etc.. Bactrocera minax adults on behavior of chestnut volatiles (J). environmental insect bulletin, 2018, 40 (2): 474-. The Y-shaped tube, the flavor source bottle, the activated carbon tube, the flow meter and the atmosphere sampling instrument are connected by a Teflon tube, the test time is 6:00-18:00, and the indoor temperature is maintained at 25 +/-3 ℃. The inducing source is set by common capillary method, the taste source bottle is a filter tube, 10 μ L of taste source or control is absorbed by a 10cm long capillary 1, 10 μ L of standard compound is taken as the inducing source by the capillary, and the capillary inducing core containing n-hexane with the same volume is taken as the control. A100W fluorescent lamp was installed above the olfactory tester as a light source for observation. Before testing, the atmosphere sampling instrument is opened to ventilate for 1min so as to ensure the testing result. During testing, 1 head of bactrocera minax adults is introduced from the pipe orifice of the main arm of the Y-shaped pipe each time, and timing is started after the bactrocera minax adults climb over the pipe orifice 1/2 of the main arm. The observation time is 10min, and the application is only once. Adults crawl past the top of the side arms 1/2 and stay for more than 1min, and are scored as selective for this odor, otherwise are scored as non-selective for this odor. And (3) changing the left and right positions of the Y-shaped pipe for 1 time after every 5 adult flies are detected, simultaneously cleaning the Y-shaped pipe by using absolute ethyl alcohol, drying the Y-shaped pipe in an oven, and then interchanging the positions of the sample and the contrast to eliminate the possible influence of the positions of pipe arms or the residues left on the pipe wall on the behavior of the adult bactrocera minax. The selection rate (%) is the number of selected armyworms/total head × 100, the corrected reaction rate (%) (number of treated armyworms/number of control armyworms)/total head × 100, and if the value is positive, the rate of trapping is indicated, if the value is negative, the rate of repelling is indicated, and if the value is 0, the non-selection [ lushu, zhao, zhangyangman, zhangmian, etc.. bemisia tabaci MED
Behavior reaction of hidden species to 13 plant volatile substances (J) plant protection bulletin 2016, 43 (1): 105-110).
1.3 test results
TABLE 1 Severe citrus fruit fly adults Selective behavior reaction to 11 volatiles (Y-type olfactometer)
Note: CK is n-hexane.X 2 It is indicated that the card side is checked,Pand checking a probability value. Indicates that the difference was significant, indicates that the difference was extremely significant.
TABLE 2 Severe Citrus fruit fly adults on the action of 11 volatile selection (Y-type olfactometer)
Note: CK is n-hexane.X 2 It is indicated that the card side is checked,Pand checking a probability value. Indicates that the difference was significant, indicates that the difference was extremely significant.
The results of the experiments show that the compounds with obvious attraction effect on the bactrocera minax imagoes and the concentrations thereof are as follows:
table 3 Compounds having significant attractant action on Bactrocera minax adults and their concentrations (Y-type olfactometer)
The results show (tables 1, 2 and 3) that the bactrocera minax imagoes have obvious or very obvious preference for the four concentrations of 0.5 mu g/mu L, 1 mu g/mu L, 5 mu g/mu L and 10 mu g/mu L of the five compounds of myrcene, limonene, alpha-pinene, isobutyraldehyde and benzyl acetate, and the three concentrations of 0.5 mu g/mu L, 1 mu g/mu L and 5 mu g/mu L of the two compounds of phenylacetaldehyde and butyl acetate.
2. The proportion of the raw materials of the attractant components is determined;
according to the results of selective behavior reaction of Bactrocera minax adults on 11 volatile compounds measured by a Y-type olfactometer in the earlier period, the new visual angle (J, 2015, 52(5): 10941106) of a volatile plant source pest attractant screening and mixing method and the von inspiration and the like (the tangui, the bright light) method of the plum are referred to, and the DPS practical statistical analysis and the DPS data processing system [ M ]. Beijing: scientific Press, 2002, 156-164) method are used, and the DPS software is used for carrying out optimization and uniform experimental design on 4 concentrations of 5 compounds and 3 concentrations of 2 compounds with obvious or very obvious preference (Table 4), wherein the test process is as follows:
2.1 sources and materials of insect to be tested
A test insect source: adult citrus fruit fly is 22 days old (sex ratio is 1: 1). Experimental population (same as 1.1). Starved for 24 h before testing.
Reagent: myrcene, limonene, alpha-pinene, isobutyraldehyde, benzyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, n-hexane (solvent) were all from sigma. Fruit ruit (gooruit biotechnology limited, Hubei).
Yurt mosquito net: 16 pieces (woven wartile, width 100cm, length 195cm, height 145 cm)
Trap (YBQ-04): manufactured by green-preston biotechnology limited, quanzhou, fujian.
Rubber lure (YX-01): produced by Beijing Zhongjie Square Biotech Co.
2.2 test procedure
TABLE 4 design scheme of formula uniformity experiment (mug/muL)
Note: x1-7Myrcene, limonene, alpha-pinene, isobutyraldehyde, benzyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde and butyl acetate. N is a radical of1-N12Is prepared by the following steps.
12 pieces of treatment lure solution (N)1-N12) Preparation: according to the weight parts in the table 4, the compound raw materials and 10 parts of n-hexane (solvent) are respectively extracted, mixed and stirred, and then the 12 groups of adult citrus fruit fly attractants can be prepared.
And (3) experimental design: the 12 treatment groups are respectively N1-N12Group (d); two control groups, control 1: fructet food attractant, repeat 3 times (CK)1、CK2And CK3) (ii) a Control 2: clear water (CK)4). Taking 12 traps, putting 100ml of clear water into a trapping tank at the bottom of each trap, and treating the groups according to 12 kinds of treatment groups (N) in the table 21-N12) Proportioning, 1 lure core in each proportioning, injecting 7 mul solution of the lure core into the corresponding lure core, and then placing the lure core into a circle at the top of the trap. Control 1: taking 3 traps (CK)1、CK2And CK3) Only 100ml of clean water is put into a liquid inducing groove at the bottom of each trap, 7 mu l of fruit Ruite food attractant solution is respectively taken and injected into corresponding inducing cores, and then the inducing cores are put into a circle at the top of the trapAnd (4) the following steps. Control 1: taking 1 trapper (CK)4) 100ml of clean water is only put into a liquid inducing groove at the bottom of the trap, 7 mu l of clean water is taken and injected into a corresponding inducing core, and then the inducing core is put into a circular ring at the top of the trap.
Test site: new rural buildings in western school areas of Changjiang university. Taking 16 mosquito nets (width 100cm, length 195cm, height 145 cm), arranging in a straight line at intervals of 2m, randomly hanging the 16 traps in the 16 mosquito nets by using plastic ropes, wherein the hanging positions are as follows: the trap is arranged at a height of 40cm from the top of the mosquito net, at a height of 80cm from the ground, and at a distance of 85cm from the left side and the right side of the mosquito net. 100 adult citrus fruit flies (female-male ratio 1: 1) in 22 days are randomly placed in each mosquito net, and the number of the attracted adult flies in the trap is recorded on the 3 rd day. The lure core and the clear water are not replaced in the middle.
2.3 results
TABLE 5 Effect of adult Citrus fruit flies on the formulation of the treated group and the control group (indoor mosquito net)
Note: x1-7Myrcene, limonene, alpha-pinene, isobutyraldehyde, benzyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde and butyl acetate. CK (CK)1、CK2And CK3Is a fruit-Ruite food attractant. CK (CK)4Is clear water. N is a radical of1-N12Is prepared by the following steps.
The results show (see Table 5), formulation N6The attracting rate of the Bactrocera minax (6.83 parts by weight of myrcene, 3.67 parts by weight of limonene, 0.5 parts by weight of alpha-pinene, 10 parts by weight of isobutyraldehyde, 6.83 parts by weight of benzyl acetate, 5 parts by weight of phenylacetaldehyde, 2.75 parts by weight of butyl acetate and 10 parts by weight of N-hexane) to mating ovipositors is 32%, the attracting effect is optimal, the attracting rate of the fruit fly attractant is 11%, and the formula N is6The luring rate of the Biguoreite attractant is increased by 21 percent.
3. Field test effect;
test site: chen shop town of Songzi city, Hubei province. From 6 months 27 days to 7 months 3 days in 2019. Not preventing and curing 30 mu in orange garden, experimental design sets up three kinds and handles: n is a radical of6(according to weight)The weight portions are as follows: myrcene 6.83, limonene 3.67, alpha-pinene 0.5, isobutyraldehyde 10, benzyl acetate 6.83, phenylacetaldehyde 5, butyl acetate 2.75 and n-hexane 10), fruit ruit food attractant (Hubei Goruit biotechnology limited), and clear water. Each was repeated 5 times. The treatments were randomly arranged. Fly ball (Hubei Jufeng science and technology Co., Ltd.). Firstly, respectively taking N6The fruit Ruite food attractant and 7 mu l of clear water are injected into the corresponding lure core, then the lure core is penetrated on an iron wire for fixing the fly-luring ball, and then the lure core is fixed on the middle upper branch or trunk of the orange.
TABLE 5 test results
The relative attraction rate of the attractant to bactrocera minax adults in mating and oviposition periods is 49.5 percent, and is obviously higher than that of fruit-vegetable food attractant (27.5 percent) and clear water (23.0 percent).
The adult citrus fruit fly attractant is developed by utilizing the characteristic that adult citrus fruit flies like the inflorescence of male flowers of Chinese chestnuts, so that compared with the existing attractant which is prepared by utilizing the common habit that phytophagous insects have tropism to sugar, wine and vinegar and need to supplement nutrition after eclosion of the adult flies, the attractant has better attraction effect, the strong attraction and killing efficiency of the citrus fruit flies is further enhanced, the prediction and prediction accuracy of the citrus fruit flies is improved, and the use requirements of people are met.
Claims (1)
1. An adult bactrocera minax attractant is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
myrcene 6.83 limonene 3.67
Alpha-pinene 0.5 isobutyraldehyde 10
Phenylmethyl acetate 6.83 Phenylacetaldehyde 5
Butyl acetate 2.75 n-hexane 10
The preparation method of the bactrocera minax imago attractant comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and placing in a closed glass bottle to obtain the finished citrus fruit fly adult attractant.
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