CN110833415A - Expiratory NO detection system - Google Patents

Expiratory NO detection system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110833415A
CN110833415A CN201810925444.4A CN201810925444A CN110833415A CN 110833415 A CN110833415 A CN 110833415A CN 201810925444 A CN201810925444 A CN 201810925444A CN 110833415 A CN110833415 A CN 110833415A
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unit
inlet end
detection system
gas
throttling device
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杨书彬
覃正伟
谭景霞
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Mehow Innovative Ltd
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Mehow Innovative Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/082—Evaluation by breath analysis, e.g. determination of the chemical composition of exhaled breath

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides an expiratory NO detection system, which comprises a breathing inlet end, a gas collection unit, a power unit and an NO sensor which are sequentially connected; the gas collecting unit is used for collecting exhaled gas flowing from the breathing inlet end, and the power unit is used for continuously conveying the exhaled gas collected in the gas collecting unit to the NO sensor; the detection system further comprises a flow regulating unit, wherein the flow regulating unit comprises a plurality of throttling devices which can be respectively switched to be communicated with the respiratory inlet end and the gas collecting unit, and each throttling device has different throttling opening areas; after the patient exhales the gas with the preset pressure range through the respiration inlet end, the exhaled gas flows out through the flow regulating unit, and the flow can be maintained in the range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s. According to the invention, the plurality of throttling devices with different throttling port areas are respectively communicated with the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit, so that the expiratory pressure range can be enlarged, and the expiratory collection difficulty of a patient is reduced.

Description

Expiratory NO detection system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of exhaled gas analysis, in particular to an exhaled NO detection system.
Background
Exhaled NO is produced by airway cells, the concentration of which is highly correlated with the number of inflammatory cells, and the determination of exhaled NO is currently widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases as a biomarker of airway inflammation. The recommended standards for Exhaled NO detection were established in 1997 and 1999 in Europe and the United states, respectively, and published in 2005 in a combined fashion ("ATR/ERS Recommendations for Standardized Procedures for the Online and offline Measurement of Exhaled Low Respiratory Nitrogen Oxide andnasal NitricOxide, 2005 ", ATS for American throat society and ERC for European respiratory society, hereinafter Standard. The Standard guides how to carry out detection and the detection result is used for diagnosing and evaluating the curative effect of respiratory diseases such as asthma and the like. Due to the accuracy issues of NO detection sensors, the amount of exhaled gas generally needs to meet certain requirements during exhaled NO detection. To ensure the accuracy of the assay, the Standard recommends that the exhaled NO measurement must be at 5cm H2O column to 20cm H2Exhalation was performed at an exhalation pressure of the O-column at a flow rate of 45mL/s to 55mL/s (50 mL/s. + -. 10%). When the flow of the exhaled gas is regulated by the conventional exhaled NO detection system through the throttling device to be maintained within the range of 45mL/s to 55mL/s, because the throttling area of the throttling device is fixed, the patient is often required to cooperate to control the expiratory pressure within a narrow range, such as 10cm H2O column to 13cm H2The breathing between O is performed, which greatly increases the difficulty of breathing for the patient.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides an expiratory NO detection system, which is used for solving the problem that the detection is difficult due to high requirement on expiratory pressure in the existing expiratory NO detection process.
The invention aims to provide an expiratory NO detection system, which comprises a respiratory inlet end, a gas collection unit, a power unit and an NO sensor which are sequentially connected; the gas collecting unit is used for collecting exhaled gas flowing from the breathing inlet end, and the power unit is used for continuously conveying the exhaled gas collected in the gas collecting unit to the NO sensor; the detection system also comprises a flow regulating unit arranged between the breath inlet end and the gas collecting unit, the flow regulating unit comprises a plurality of throttling devices which can be respectively switched to communicate the breath inlet end with the gas collecting unit, and each throttling device has different throttling opening areas; after the patient exhales the gas with the preset pressure range through the respiration inlet end, the exhaled gas flows out through the flow regulating unit, and the flow can be maintained in the range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s.
Further, the flow rate adjusting unit includes a first throttling deviceThe second throttling device and the third throttling device; the equivalent orifice diameter of the first throttling device is 1.37mm, the equivalent orifice diameter of the second throttling device is 1.24mm, and the equivalent orifice diameter of the third throttling device is 1.12 mm; when the expiratory pressure is 5.5cm H2O column to 8cmH2When the oxygen concentration is in the range of the O column, the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit are communicated through the first throttling device; when the expiratory pressure is 8cm H2O column to 12cm H2When the oxygen concentration is in the range of the O column, the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit are communicated through the second throttling device; when the expiratory pressure is 12cm H2O column to 18cm H2When the O column is in the range, the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit are communicated through the third throttling device.
Further, the air inlet ends of the first throttling device, the second throttling device and the third throttling device are respectively communicated with the breathing inlet end; the detection system further comprises a first valve which is a four-position three-way valve, wherein the four-position three-way valve is provided with three inlet ends and one outlet end; the three inlet ends are respectively communicated with the air inlet ends of the prime number first throttling device, the second throttling device and the third throttling device, and the outlet ends are communicated with the gas collecting unit.
Further, the detection system also comprises a pressure detection device and an MCU; the MCU is respectively connected with the pressure sensor and the first valve and used for receiving pressure data acquired by the pressure detection device in real time and controlling the connection position of the inlet end of the first valve according to the pressure data.
Further, the detection system further comprises a first filtering unit and a second filtering unit; the first filtering unit is used for filtering NO, and the breathing inlet end 1 is communicated with the atmosphere through a first filtering unit 2; the second filtering unit is used for filtering impurities in the exhaled air and is arranged in the air path between the breathing inlet end and the collecting unit.
Further, the expiration NO detection device further comprises a second valve and a third filtering unit, the third filtering unit is an NO filter, an inlet end of the second valve can be switched to be communicated with the air storage chamber or communicated with the atmosphere through the third filtering unit, and an outlet end of the second valve is communicated with the power unit.
Furthermore, the MCU is also respectively connected with a second valve, an air suction pump and a power unit; the position of the inlet end of the second valve, the on-off of the air suction pump and the power of the power unit are controlled.
Compared with the flow regulation by adopting a throttling device with a fixed aperture, the invention has the advantages that the plurality of throttling devices with different throttling port areas are respectively communicated with the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit, so that the expiratory pressure range can be enlarged, and the expiratory collection difficulty of a patient is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of an expiratory NO detection system in a first embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the flow regulation of exhaled air through a first orifice plate in a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In this specification, the pressure is a gauge pressure.
Referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides an expiratory NO detection system, which includes a respiratory inlet port 1, a gas collection unit 6, a power unit 9 and an NO sensor 10, which are connected in sequence; the gas collecting unit 6 is used for collecting the exhaled gas flowing from the respiratory inlet end 1, and the power unit 9 is used for continuously conveying the exhaled gas collected in the gas collecting unit 6 to the NO sensor 10; the detection system further comprises a flow regulating unit 5 arranged between the respiratory inlet end 1 and the gas collecting unit 6, wherein the flow regulating unit 5 comprises a plurality of throttling devices which can be respectively switched to be communicated with the respiratory inlet end 1 and the gas collecting unit 6, and each throttling device has different throttling opening areas; after the patient exhales the gas with the preset pressure range through the respiration inlet end 1, the exhaled gas flows out through the flow regulating unit 5, and the flow can be maintained in the range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s.
In the present invention, the throttling means includes, but is not limited to, an orifice plate, a venturi, a nozzle, and the like. In this embodiment, the plurality of throttling devices can be switched to communicate with the respiratory inlet port 1 and the gas collection unit 6, respectively, which means that the respiratory inlet port 1 and the gas collection unit 6 can be communicated through one throttling device in the flow regulation unit.
In this embodiment, the throttling device is a standard orifice plate, and the area of the throttling opening is the area of the orifice plate; the flow rate regulating unit comprises 3 throttling devices, namely a first orifice plate 51, a second orifice plate 52 and a third orifice plate 53; the flow regulating unit 5 further comprises a first valve 54, the first valve 54 being a four-position, three-way valve having three inlet ports P, R, B, and one outlet port a; the inlet ends of the first, second and third orifice plates 51, 52 and 53 are respectively communicated with the respiratory inlet end 1, and the outlet ends thereof are respectively connected with the three inlet ends P, R, B of the first valve 54. The breathing inlet end 1 and the gas collecting unit 6 can be communicated through the first pore plate 51, the second pore plate 52 or the third pore plate 53 respectively by controlling the on-off of the inlet end of the first valve 54.
It should be noted that, during the exhaled NO detection, the flow rate of the gas flowing into the gas collection unit should be maintained within a range of 45mL/s to 55mL/s according to the exhaled flow rate recommended by "standard", so as to ensure the accuracy of exhaled NO detection.
Compared with the flow regulation by adopting a throttling device with a fixed aperture, the invention has the advantages that the plurality of throttling devices with different throttling port areas are respectively communicated with the breathing inlet end 1 and the gas collecting unit 6, so that the expiratory pressure range can be enlarged, and the expiratory acquisition difficulty of a patient is reduced.
Specifically, taking the first orifice plate 51 in the flow regulating unit 5 as an example, when the inlet end P of the first valve is communicated, referring to fig. 2, according to bernoulli's equation, at any position in the detection system where the exhaled gas flows:
P+ρgh+[(1/2)×ρv2]=C （1）
in equation (1), P is the pressure, ρ is the exhaled gas density, g is the gravitational acceleration, h is the height at the location, v is the flow rate of the fluid at the location, and C is a constant.
The flow rate is adjusted using the first orifice plate 51, and the following relationship exists for the point a before flowing into the first orifice plate 51 and the point b flowing out through the first orifice plate 51:
Pa+ρgha+[(1/2)×ρva 2]= Pb+[(1/2)×ρvb 2]（2）
in the formula (2), PaPressure at position a, haHeight of a position, vaThe flow rate at position a; pbPressure at position b, hbHeight of position b, vbThe flow rate at position b. Due to haAnd hbMay be considered equal; and since the fluid flowing out through the first orifice plate 51 communicates with the gas collecting unit 6, its gauge pressure Pb0 is approximately distributed; since the area at the system pipe a is much larger than the area of the orifice b of the first orifice plate 51, v and v are differentbIn contrast, va≈0。
Therefore, equation (2) can be simplified as: pa= [(1/2)×ρvb 2]
Namely: pa= [(Qb/πRb 2)2×ρ]/2 （3）
In the formula (3), RbRadius of orifice, QbThe flow at position b.
From the equation (3), when the orifice radius is a fixed value, Pa∝Qb 2/Rb 4。
In the embodiment, the first orifice plate 51, the second orifice plate 52 and the third orifice plate 53 with different apertures are used, and compared with a throttling device with a fixed throttling opening area, on the premise of maintaining the flow rate of the exhaled gas within the range of 45mL/s to 55mL/s, the pressure range of the exhaled gas is expanded, so that the breathing difficulty of a patient in the test process is reduced, and the application range of the exhaled NO detection system is expanded.
There may be a plurality of methods for setting the hole diameters of the first, second, and third hole plates 51, 52, and 53And (4) seed preparation. In particular, the expiratory pressure must be maintained at 5cm H as recommended by Standard2O column to 20cm H2O-column, therefore, to reduce expiratory pressure requirements, it can be 5cm H2O column to 20cm H2Presetting an expiratory pressure range according to actual needs in an O column range, and then changing the position to Q according to the sum of flow requirements P-2/R4The relationship (c) segments the expiratory pressure range; and (4) determining the area of the throttling hole according to the sectional expiratory pressure value and the flow range by the formula (3). Due to errors in the calculation process, calibration may be performed subsequently by proof testing to determine the aperture diameters of the first, second, and third aperture plates 51, 52, 53.
In this embodiment, the preset expiratory pressure of the patient is 5.5cm H2O column to 18cm H2O column range. At 5.5cm H2O column to 8cm H2When the pressure of the O column is within the range, the diameter of the first orifice plate 51 is determined to be 1.37 mm; at 8cm H2O column to 12cm H2When the pressure of the O column is within the range, the aperture of the second pore plate 52 is determined to be 1.24 mm; at 12cm H2O column to 18cm H2The aperture of the third orifice plate 53 is determined to be 1.12mm when the O-column pressure is within the range. That is, when the expiratory pressure of the patient is 5.5cm H2O column to 8cm H2When the O column is in the range, controlling to switch on the inlet end P of the first valve 54, and regulating the flow through the first orifice plate 51 to maintain the flow in the range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s; when the expiratory pressure of the patient is 8cm H2O column to 12cm H2When the pressure of the O column is in a range, controlling to connect the inlet end R of the first valve 54, and regulating the flow through the second orifice plate 52 to maintain the flow within a range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s; when the expiratory pressure of the patient is 12cm H2O column to 18cm H2When the pressure of the O-column is in the range, the inlet end B of the first valve 54 is controlled to be communicated, and the flow is regulated through the third orifice plate 53 to be maintained in the range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s. The flow regulation unit of this scheme simple structure can reduce the requirement to expiratory pressure when the patient breathes under the prerequisite that uses less flow device, has improved the sensitivity that NO detected.
Further, the detection system further comprises a first filtering unit 2 for filtering NO, and the respiratory inlet end 1 is communicated with the atmosphere through the first filtering unit 2. In this scheme, the user inhales the air after first filter unit filters, and NO in the air can be detached to first filter unit, has avoided the NO of air to follow-up testing result's interference for the testing result is more accurate.
Further, the detection system further comprises a second filtering unit 3 arranged between the respiratory inlet end 1 and the flow regulating unit 5, wherein the second filtering unit 3 is used for filtering impurities, such as saliva, foam and the like, in the exhaled air flowing into the collecting unit. This scheme has further improved more accurate to expired gas testing result.
Further, the detection system further comprises a second valve 7 and a third filtering unit 8, the third filtering unit 8 is an NO filter, the inlet end of the second valve 7 is switchable to be communicated with the gas collecting unit 6 or the atmosphere through the third filtering unit 8, and the outlet end of the second valve is communicated with the power unit 9. The detection of expiratory NO can be corrected by the provision of the second valve 7 and the third filter unit 8.
Further, the gas collection unit 6 is a gas storage chamber or a gas storage bag.
Further, the power unit 9 is a fan or a pump. It should be noted that the amount of flow delivered to the NO sensor 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of power controlling the power unit 9.
Further, the detection system also comprises a pressure sensor 4 and an MCU 11; the pressure sensor 4 is used for collecting the pressure of the exhaled gas flowing from the respiratory inlet end 1; the MCU is respectively connected with the pressure sensor 4 and the first valve 54 and is used for receiving pressure data acquired by the pressure sensor 4 in real time and controlling the connecting position of the inlet end of the first valve 54 according to the pressure data. The scheme can automatically adjust the flow according to the expiratory pressure, so that the automation of the system is realized, and the detection difficulty is reduced.
Further, the MCU is also respectively connected with the second valve 7, the air suction pump 8 and the power unit 9, and is used for controlling the position of the inlet end of the second valve 7, the on-off state of the air suction pump 8 and the power of the power unit 9.
The steps of detecting exhaled breath NO by using the detection system provided by the embodiment are as follows:
s1, collecting gas exhaled by the patient through the exhalation inlet end 1, and collecting the exhalation pressure of the exhaled gas in real time through the pressure sensor 4;
s2, when the expiratory pressure is 5.5cm H2O column to 8cm H2When the O column is in the range, controlling to switch on the inlet end P of the first valve 54, and regulating the flow through the first orifice plate 51 to maintain the flow in the range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s; when the expiratory pressure is 8cm H2O column to 12cm H2When the pressure of the O column is in a range, controlling to connect the inlet end R of the first valve 54, and regulating the flow through the second orifice plate 52 to maintain the flow within a range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s; when the expiratory pressure is 12cm H2O column to 18cm H2When the pressure of the O column is in a range, controlling to connect the inlet end B of the first valve 54, and regulating the flow through the third orifice plate 53 to keep the flow within a range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s;
s3, continuously conveying the expired gas collected in the gas collection unit 6 to the NO sensor 10 through the power unit 9, and obtaining a first NO amount C1Determining the amount of exhaled NO as C1。
Further, the step S3 includes:
s31, communicating the inlet end of the second valve 7 with the gas collecting unit 6, continuously conveying the expired gas collected in the gas collecting unit 6 to the NO sensor 10 through the power unit 9, and obtaining a first NO amount C1；
S32, communicating the inlet end of the second valve 7 with the atmosphere through the third filtering unit 8, continuously delivering the filtered air to the NO sensor 10 through the power unit 9, and obtaining a second NO amount C2Expiratory NO amount C0=C1-C2。
Compared with the scheme, the scheme calibrates the detection amount of the exhaled NO, further reduces the influence of the incompletely filtered NO in the air on the detection result, and improves the accuracy of the detection result.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An expiratory NO detection system comprises a breathing inlet end, a gas collection unit, a power unit and an NO sensor which are sequentially connected; the gas collecting unit is used for collecting exhaled gas flowing from the breathing inlet end, and the power unit is used for continuously conveying the exhaled gas collected in the gas collecting unit to the NO sensor; the detection system is characterized by further comprising a flow regulating unit arranged between the respiratory inlet end and the gas collecting unit, wherein the flow regulating unit comprises a plurality of throttling devices which can be respectively switched to be communicated with the respiratory inlet end and the gas collecting unit, and each throttling device has different throttling opening areas; after the patient exhales the gas with the preset pressure range through the respiration inlet end, the exhaled gas flows out through the flow regulating unit, and the flow can be maintained in the range of 45mL/s to 55 mL/s.
2. The expiratory NO detection system of claim 1, wherein the flow regulating unit comprises a first throttling device, a second throttling device, and a third throttling device; the equivalent orifice diameter of the first throttling device is 1.37mm, the equivalent orifice diameter of the second throttling device is 1.24mm, and the equivalent orifice diameter of the third throttling device is 1.12 mm; when the expiratory pressure is 5.5cm H2O column to 8cm H2When the oxygen concentration is in the range of the O column, the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit are communicated through the first throttling device; when the expiratory pressure is 8cm H2O column to 12cm H2When the oxygen concentration is in the range of the O column, the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit are communicated through the second throttling device; when the expiratory pressure is 12cm H2O column to 18cm H2When the O column is in the range, the breathing inlet end and the gas collecting unit are communicated through the third throttling device.
3. The expiratory NO detection system of claim 2, wherein the air intake ends of the first, second, and third throttling devices are in communication with the respiratory inlet end, respectively; the detection system further comprises a first valve which is a four-position three-way valve, wherein the four-position three-way valve is provided with three inlet ends and one outlet end; the three inlet ends are respectively communicated with the air inlet ends of the prime number first throttling device, the second throttling device and the third throttling device, and the outlet ends are communicated with the gas collecting unit.
4. The respiratory NO detection system according to claim 3, wherein the detection system further comprises a pressure detection device and a MCU; the MCU is respectively connected with the pressure sensor and the first valve and used for receiving pressure data acquired by the pressure detection device in real time and controlling the connection position of the inlet end of the first valve according to the pressure data.
5. The respiratory NO detection system according to claim 4, wherein the detection system further comprises a first filter unit and a second filter unit; the first filtering unit is used for filtering NO, and the breathing inlet end 1 is communicated with the atmosphere through a first filtering unit 2; the second filtering unit is used for filtering impurities in the exhaled air and is arranged in the air path between the breathing inlet end and the collecting unit.
6. The respiratory NO detection system of claim 5, wherein the respiratory NO detection apparatus further comprises a second valve and a third filter unit, the third filter unit is an NO filter, an inlet port of the second valve is switchable to communicate with the air reservoir or with atmosphere via the third filter unit, and an outlet port communicates with the power unit.
7. The respiratory NO detection system according to claim 5, wherein the MCU is further connected to a second valve, a suction pump and a power unit, respectively; the position of the inlet end of the second valve, the on-off of the air suction pump and the power of the power unit are controlled.
CN201810925444.4A 2018-08-15 2018-08-15 Expiratory NO detection system Pending CN110833415A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995005208A1 (en) * 1993-08-18 1995-02-23 Fisons Plc Inhalator with breath flow regulation
CN2191630Y (en) * 1994-06-14 1995-03-15 大连理工大学 Electronic spirometer
US20020193698A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-12-19 Eeva Moilanen Method and measuring equipment for measuring nitric oxide concentration in exhaled air
CN1681435A (en) * 2002-09-16 2005-10-12 艾罗克林有限公司 Apparatus and method for diagnostic gas analysis
WO2006080885A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-08-03 Aerocrine Ab Constant flow regulator device
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CN108186019A (en) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-22 贵州精准医疗电子有限公司 A kind of Exhaled nitric oxide measuring method for not needing to control expiratory gas flow

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