CN110828263A - Microwave tube - Google Patents
Microwave tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN110828263A CN110828263A CN201911194369.XA CN201911194369A CN110828263A CN 110828263 A CN110828263 A CN 110828263A CN 201911194369 A CN201911194369 A CN 201911194369A CN 110828263 A CN110828263 A CN 110828263A
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- cathode
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- microwave tube
- circular waveguide
- insulating core
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
- H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
- H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
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- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a microwave tube, which belongs to the technical field of microwaves and comprises a high-voltage diode, an insulating core, a coaxial circular waveguide, a cathode resonant cavity, an anode resonant cavity and the like. The relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube provided by the invention is convenient to match and butt joint with a high-current high-voltage modulator, on one hand, the energy transfer loss can be reduced, on the other hand, the internal ignition probability can be reduced, and the electronic utilization efficiency can be improved. Practical test results show that the microwave tube can stably generate instantaneous power of 1.5 multiplied by 10 based on the relativity theory orthogonal field9The efficiency of the microwave of watt can reach 40 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an orthogonal field microwave tube, belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and particularly relates to a high-power relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube.
Background
The orthogonal field microwave tube is a microwave generating device with small structure and compact volume. The basic structure of the orthogonal field microwave tube comprises the following components: cathode, anode high-frequency resonant cavity and extractor. The working principle is as follows: when a radial electric field exceeding the emission threshold of the cathode surface is loaded between the cathode and the anode, the cathode emits electrons, the emitted electrons and the anode high-frequency resonant cavity carry out transduction under the guidance of an axial magnetic field, the energy of the electrons is converted into microwave energy, and finally the microwaves are output outwards through the extractor. In the working process, the external electric field and the external magnetic field always keep vector orthogonality, so the microwave tube is called as an orthogonal field microwave tube.
The high-frequency resonant cavity of the cathode and the anode of the orthogonal field microwave tube forms a region which is a core region for generating microwaves. The extractor extracts and outputs the generated microwave in various formsCommon are: intracavity coupling extraction, radial pore gap extraction, axial diffraction extraction and the like. The relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube is characterized in that under the action of a strong field, local plasma is formed on the surface of a cathode and then is detonated to generate electrons, so that the movement of the electrons has a relativistic effect. The operating voltage of a relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube is generally hundreds of thousands of volts, the current is in the magnitude of thousands of amperes, and the output microwave power is generally in the order of hundreds of megawatts or gigawatts (1 megawatt = 10)6Watt, 1 gigawatt =109Watt), and thus the internal structure is special, mainly embodied in three aspects:
(1) because the working voltage is high, enough insulation space is needed to ensure that the interior does not generate breakdown and ignition;
(2) because the working current is large, the internal components are required to have enough current capacity to ensure impedance matching and transmission matching, and serious ablation does not occur;
(3) because the output microwave power is high, the internal structure power capacity is required to be large enough, so that the normal generation and transmission of high-power microwave are ensured.
At present, a high-voltage high-current modulator for providing power for a relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube belongs to medium and low impedance equipment, the system impedance is generally 20-100 ohms, the output voltage is hundreds of thousands of volts, and the output current is hundreds of thousands of amperes. Therefore, while considering the high-frequency resonant cavities of the cathode and the anode, the electric energy introducing structure must be considered, so as to prevent impedance mismatching, insufficient power capacity, high-voltage ignition and other potential risks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the potential risks and problems of impedance matching, power capacity, high-voltage ignition and the like of the relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube, the invention provides the high-power relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube, and guarantees the compact and miniaturized application of the microwave tube.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a microwave tube comprises a high-voltage diode, an insulating core, a coaxial circular waveguide, a cathode and an anode resonant cavity, wherein: the high-voltage diode is used for connecting the high-voltage high-current modulator and consists of an inner pipe body and an outer pipe body which are coaxially arranged; the insulating core is arranged at one end of the high-voltage diode and positioned between the inner pipe body and the outer pipe body to play a role in supporting and isostatic pressing; the coaxial circular waveguide is arranged at the other end of the high-voltage diode and is used for connecting the inner tube body and the cathode on one hand and connecting the outer tube body and the anode resonant cavity on the other hand; one end of the cathode is coaxially arranged in the inner tube body, and the other end of the cathode is arranged in the coaxial circular waveguide; the anode resonant cavity is arranged at the other end of the cathode and wraps the outer end of the cathode.
Preferably, the anode resonant cavity is a multi-cavity structure periodically distributed along a circumferential angle, the multi-cavity structure comprises a plurality of cavity walls and cavities which are symmetrically arranged, and the cavity is one of a semicircular cavity, a fan-shaped cavity, a rectangular cavity or a trapezoidal cavity.
Preferably, the outer tube body axially varies to form a coaxial cavity, a hollow column and a mounting plate which are mutually through, wherein: the cavity is used for installing the insulating core and the inner tube body; the hollow column and the mounting disc are used for mounting the coaxial circular waveguide and the anode resonant cavity.
Preferably, the coaxial circular waveguide includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor, wherein: the inner conductor is used for connecting the inner tube body and the cathode; the outer conductor is fixed on the mounting disc in a seamless connection mode and used for connecting the outer tube body and the anode resonant cavity.
Preferably, the inner tube body and the outer tube body of the high-voltage diode are both made of metal materials.
Preferably, the insulating core is made of a ceramic material or a polymer material, and the insulating core is one of a conical type, a flat type, a hemispherical type and a parabolic type.
Preferably, the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial circular waveguide are both made of a metal material.
Preferably, the cathode is a hollow or solid cylinder and is made of a metal material.
Preferably, the anode resonant cavity is made of a metal material.
Preferably, the high-voltage high-current modulator further comprises an interface flange, wherein the interface flange is used for fixing the insulating core on one hand, and is used for butting the high-current high-voltage high-current modulator on the other hand.
The microwave tube provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube provided by the invention is convenient to match and butt joint with a high-current high-voltage modulator, on one hand, the energy transfer loss can be reduced, on the other hand, the internal ignition probability can be reduced, and the electronic utilization efficiency can be improved. Specifically, under the condition that the working voltage is high, the microwave tube has enough insulation space to ensure that the interior of the microwave tube is not punctured and ignited, the internal components of the microwave tube have enough current capacity to ensure impedance matching and transmission matching and avoid serious ablation, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the output microwave power is high, the power capacity of the internal structure is large enough, the normal generation and transmission of high-power microwaves can be ensured. Practical test results show that the microwave tube can stably generate instantaneous power of 1.5 multiplied by 10 based on the relativity theory orthogonal field9The efficiency of the microwave of watt can reach 40 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a data diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-high voltage diode, 101-inner tube, 102-outer tube, 1021-cavity, 1022-hollow column, 1023-mounting plate, 2-insulating core, 3-coaxial circular waveguide, 301-inner conductor, 302-outer conductor, 4-cathode, 5-anode resonant cavity, 501-cavity wall, 502-cavity and 6-interface flange.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1, a microwave tube includes a high voltage diode 1, an insulating core 2, a coaxial circular waveguide 3, a cathode 4 and an anode resonant cavity 5, in which, the high voltage diode 1 is used for connecting a high voltage high current modulator and is composed of an inner tube 101 and an outer tube 102 which are coaxially arranged, the inner tube 101 and the outer tube 102 are mutually independent and made of metal materials, the insulating core 2 is arranged at the right end of the high voltage diode 1, and the insulating core 2 is positioned between the inner tube 101 and the outer tube 102 for supporting and isostatic pressing. The coaxial circular waveguide 3 is arranged at the left end of the high-voltage diode 1, and the coaxial circular waveguide 3 is used for connecting the inner tube 101 and the cathode 4 on one hand and connecting the outer tube 102 and the anode resonant cavity 5 on the other hand; one end of the cathode 4 is coaxially arranged in the inner tube body 101, and the other end of the cathode 4 is arranged in the coaxial circular waveguide 3; the anode resonant cavity 5 is arranged at the other end of the cathode 4 and wraps the outer end of the cathode 4.
It should be noted that the high-voltage high-current high-voltage high-current high. The connection mode of the interface flange 6 and the high-voltage diode 1 comprises bolt fixing and welding fixing, and integration can also be adopted, namely the two are made into a whole. When the bolt is used for fixing, a sealing structure is required at the interface, and the sealing structure can be in the form of a rubber ring or a copper ring. When welded fastening is used, no sealing structure is required.
Specifically, the inner tube 101 and the outer tube 102 of the high voltage diode 1 are both made of a metal material. The inner conductor 301 and the outer conductor 302 of the coaxial circular waveguide 3 are both made of a metal material. The anode cavity 5 is made of a metallic material.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the coaxial circular waveguide 3 includes an inner conductor 301 and an outer conductor 302, wherein: the inner conductor 301 is for connecting the inner tube 101 and the cathode 4; the outer conductor 302 is fixed to the mounting plate 1023 in a seamless connection and is used to connect the outer tube 102 and the anode cavity 5. In this embodiment, the inner tube 101 is connected to the cathode 4 and communicated with the inside of the inner tube 101, the outer tube 102 is the outer wall of the high voltage diode 1, and the outer wall of the outer conductor 302 is disposed between the outer wall of the high voltage diode 1 and the outer wall of the anode resonant cavity 5 to ensure the seamless connection of the whole housing, it should be noted that the coaxial circular waveguide 3 is tightly matched and concentric with the high voltage diode 1, and the inner conductor 301 of the coaxial circular waveguide 3 has a certain chamfer structure to avoid high voltage sparking or discharging at the tip.
The inner tube 101 of the high-voltage diode 1 may be a solid structure or a hollow structure in the present embodiment, and both the hollow structure and the solid structure penetrate through the inner conductor 301 and the cathode 4 of the coaxial waveguide 3, except that the end does not penetrate through the inner tube.
In fig. 1 and 2, the left end portion of the cathode 4 is further provided with a seal, the cathode 4 can be a hollow or solid cylinder and is made of a metal material, and in this embodiment, the cathode 4 is a hollow cylinder. The cathode 4 is directly inserted into the insulating core 2 after being connected with the inner conductor 301 of the coaxial circular waveguide 3 and the inner tube 101 of the high-voltage diode 1, and the two are naturally connected together by adopting close fit without a special fixed connection structure under general conditions.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer tube 102 axially varies to form a coaxial cavity 1021, a hollow post 1022 and a mounting plate 1023 that are through to each other, wherein: the cavity 1021 is used for mounting the insulating core 2 and the inner tube 101; the hollow column 1022 and the mounting plate 1023 are used to mount the coaxial circular waveguide 3 and the anode cavity 5. The outer body of the high-voltage diode 1 may be a cylindrical shape having a constant length and a shape that changes in the axial direction, or may be a right circular cylindrical shape having no change in the axial direction.
As shown in fig. 4, the anode resonant cavity 5 is a multi-cavity structure periodically distributed along a circumferential angle, the multi-cavity structure includes a plurality of cavity walls 501 and cavities 502 symmetrically arranged, and the cavity 502 is one of a semicircular cavity, a fan-shaped cavity, a rectangular cavity, or a trapezoidal cavity. In this embodiment, the anode resonant cavity 5 includes 8 sector-shaped cavities. In fig. 4, the high voltage diode 1 is tightly fitted to the insulating core 2 and is concentric and coaxial. The coaxial circular waveguide 3 is tightly matched with the high-voltage diode 1 and is concentric and coaxial. The cathode 4 and the anode resonant cavity 5 are tightly matched with the coaxial circular waveguide 3 and are concentric and coaxial.
Fig. 5 shows the actual output microwave of a high power relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube using the present invention. In this embodiment, the operating voltage is 50 ten thousand volts and the operating current is 7.5 kiloamperes. The results show that the high-power relativistic orthogonal field microwave tube can stably generate instantaneous power of 1.5 multiplied by 109The wave form is full in duration time by virtue of watt microwave, and the efficiency can reach 40%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave tube, comprising a high voltage diode (1), an insulating core (2), a coaxial circular waveguide (3), a cathode (4) and an anode cavity (5), wherein:
the high-voltage diode (1) is used for connecting the high-voltage high-current modulator and consists of an inner pipe body (101) and an outer pipe body (102) which are coaxially arranged;
the insulating core (2) is arranged at one end of the high-voltage diode (1), and the insulating core (2) is positioned between the inner pipe body (101) and the outer pipe body (102) to play a role in supporting and isostatic pressing;
the coaxial circular waveguide (3) is arranged at the other end of the high-voltage diode (1), and the coaxial circular waveguide (3) is used for connecting the inner tube body (101) and the cathode (4) on one hand and connecting the outer tube body (102) and the anode resonant cavity (5) on the other hand;
one end of the cathode (4) is coaxially arranged in the inner tube body (101), and the other end of the cathode (4) is arranged in the coaxial circular waveguide (3);
the anode resonant cavity (5) is arranged at the other end of the cathode (4) and wraps the outer end of the cathode (4).
2. The microwave tube according to claim 1, wherein the anode resonant cavity (5) is a multi-cavity structure periodically distributed along a circumferential angle, the multi-cavity structure comprises a plurality of symmetrically arranged cavity walls (501) and cavities (502), and the cavities (502) are one of semi-circular cavities, fan-shaped cavities, rectangular cavities or trapezoidal cavities.
3. The microwave tube according to claim 2, wherein the outer tube (102) is axially varied to form a coaxial cavity (1021), a hollow post (1022) and a mounting plate (1023) therethrough, wherein:
the cavity (1021) is used for installing the insulating core (2) and the inner pipe body (101);
the hollow column (1022) and the mounting disc (1023) are used for mounting the coaxial circular waveguide (3) and the anode resonant cavity (5).
4. The microwave tube according to claim 3, characterized in that the coaxial circular waveguide (3) comprises an inner conductor (301) and an outer conductor (302), wherein:
the inner conductor (301) is used for connecting the inner tube (101) and the cathode (4);
the outer conductor (302) is fixed on the mounting plate (1023) in a seamless connection mode and used for connecting the outer tube body (102) and the anode resonant cavity (5).
5. The microwave tube according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner tube (101) and the outer tube (102) of the high voltage diode (1) are both made of a metallic material.
6. The microwave tube according to claim 5, characterized in that the insulating core (2) is made of a ceramic material or a polymer material, and the insulating core (2) is one of a cone shape, a flat plate shape, a hemispherical shape or a parabolic shape.
7. The microwave tube according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner conductor (301) and the outer conductor (302) of the coaxial circular waveguide (3) are made of a metallic material.
8. The microwave tube according to claim 7, characterized in that the cathode (4) is a hollow or solid cylinder and is made of a metallic material.
9. The microwave tube according to claim 8, characterized in that the anode resonance cavity (5) is made of a metallic material.
10. The microwave tube according to claim 9, further comprising an interface flange (6), said interface flange (6) being for fixing the insulating core (2) on the one hand, and the interface flange (6) being for abutting against a high current high voltage high current modulator on the other hand.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911194369.XA CN110828263B (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Microwave tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911194369.XA CN110828263B (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Microwave tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110828263A true CN110828263A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
| CN110828263B CN110828263B (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911194369.XA Active CN110828263B (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Microwave tube |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113381835A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-10 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Microwave generator and anti-eavesdropping device thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2334301C1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-20 | Российская Федерация в лице Федерального агентства по атомной энергии | Magnetron |
| CN105914118A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-08-31 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | L-band axial virtual cathode oscillator |
| CN109148244A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-04 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of axially adjustable humorous relativistic magnetron |
| CN210607175U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-22 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Microwave tube |
-
2019
- 2019-11-28 CN CN201911194369.XA patent/CN110828263B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2334301C1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-20 | Российская Федерация в лице Федерального агентства по атомной энергии | Magnetron |
| CN105914118A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-08-31 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | L-band axial virtual cathode oscillator |
| CN109148244A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-04 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of axially adjustable humorous relativistic magnetron |
| CN210607175U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-22 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Microwave tube |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113381835A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-10 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Microwave generator and anti-eavesdropping device thereof |
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| CN110828263B (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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