CN105914118A - L-band axial virtual cathode oscillator - Google Patents
L-band axial virtual cathode oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN105914118A CN105914118A CN201610512743.6A CN201610512743A CN105914118A CN 105914118 A CN105914118 A CN 105914118A CN 201610512743 A CN201610512743 A CN 201610512743A CN 105914118 A CN105914118 A CN 105914118A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
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Abstract
The invention discloses an L-band axial virtual cathode oscillator, which comprises an anode, a cathode capable of generating an annular electronic beam, an insulator arranged between the anode and the cathode, an anode net, a feedback step waveguide and a microwave radiation window, wherein the cathode, the insulator and the microwave radiation window all are arranged in the anode; a space enclosed by the anode, the cathode, the insulator and the microwave radiation window is vacuumized to form a vacuum cavity; the vacuum degree of the vacuum cavity does not exceed 10mPa; the anode net is arranged between the cathode and the microwave radiation window; the anode net, the anode and the microwave radiation window form a microwave transmission cavity; a high-current electron beam generated by the cathode forms a virtual cathode in the microwave radiation window; and the feedback step waveguide is arranged on the inner wall of the anode and located between the anode net and the virtual cathode. By the L-band axial virtual cathode oscillator, the high-current electron beam can form the stable virtual cathode after passing through the anode net. Through the structural design, the axial virtual cathode oscillator generates a stable single-frequency high-power microwave.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-power pulsed ion beams field, be specifically related to a kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band.
Background technology
High-Power Microwave refer to frequency in 1～300GHz scope and peak power at the electromagnetic wave of more than 100MW, L-band refer to frequency 1～2GHz radio waveband.Along with Pulse Power Techniques and the development of plasma physics, High-Power Microwave technology also develops by leaps and bounds, and especially achieves progress greatly in terms of the development of high-power microwave source, successively occurs in that wide variety of different types of high-power microwave source.Virtual Cathode Oscillators is one of important research direction of high-power microwave source, receives and pay much attention in the world and widely studied in more than the 20 year time in past.
It is commonly called Virtual Cathode Oscillators and is totally different from common microwave source, because it needs an electric current exceeding space-charge-limited flow.Space-charge-limited flow refers to such a electric current, and when injection current exceedes this electric current, electrostatic potential energy exceedes the kinetic energy of electron beam, and therefore, electron reflection, reflection electronic are vibrated between real negative electrode and virtual cathode by virtual cathode, and this is referred to as reflex mechanism.Virtual cathode is unstable, and its position and gesture value are also vibrated.Both mechanism can produce the approximately equalised microwave radiation of frequency.Compared with other microwave sources, Virtual Cathode Oscillators has concept and advantages of simple structure and simple.It produces high power levels, and easily tunes, because it depends on that charge density does not relies on any condition of resonance.
Virtual Cathode Oscillators is a kind of space charge device, under high voltage, the strong current electron beam of emission of cathode is injected in drift tube through anode network, owing to electronics has strong space charge effect, the transmission that the electron beam being only less than space-charge-limited flow intensity can be stable.When electronic beam current exceedes the intensity of space charge limited current, electron beam potential energy in potential well will be increased to be enough to offset the kinetic energy that electron institute has, and causes beam electrons to form virtual cathode in a large amount of clustering in certain position in anode downstream.On the one hand being formed of virtual cathode will stop the continuation transmission of electronics, reflection incident electron part, reflection electronic is by being returned to by the effect of true negative electrode again after anode network, and then reflection electronic forms reflex mechanism vibration between real negative electrode and virtual cathode, produces microwave radiation；On the other hand the return of electronics makes gesture value at virtual cathode reduce, and electron beam can transmit again, in turn results in gesture value and increases, and continues to stop the further transmission of electronics, makes the self-position of virtual cathode and gesture value all vibrate, produce electromagnetic radiation.
The formation and development of virtual cathode is a unstable kinematic nonlinearity process: on the one hand, it has a nagative potential being substantially the same anode with negative electrode, therefore the electronics in virtual cathode district to reflect back to anode, these reflection electronics arrive near negative electrode through anode, pushed back by negative electrode is counter again, postback and be reflected towards external radiation microwave, here it is well known electron reflection produces the mechanism of microwave；On the other hand, after electronics is reflected back, the electron number densitiy in virtual cathode district is little, and electromotive force to change, the position of potential well also to change, meanwhile, the electronics of true emission of cathode constantly supplements electronics to virtual cathode again so that virtual cathode district electron number densitiy increases to be liked, thus cause the current potential of virtual cathode and position all to change, form concussion from macroscopically will appear as virtual cathode with room and time, thus encourage microwave radiation, here it is virtual cathode self-oscillation produces the mechanism of microwave.So, Virtual Cathode Oscillators is the Space-time oscillating by virtual cathode itself and electronics two kinds of mechanism of the roundtrip between virtual cathode and negative electrode produce microwave jointly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention increases by a feedback step waveguide after anode network, strong current electron beam is under the common effect of feedback step waveguide and anode network, make strong current electron beam can form stable virtual cathode after passing through anode network, and this axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators can produce the High-Power Microwave that single-frequency is stable.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band, it includes anode, the negative electrode that can produce annular electron beam, arranges insulator, anode network, feedback step waveguide and microwave radiation window between the anode and cathode；Described negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window are arranged in anode；The space evacuation that described anode, negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window surrounds forms vacuum chamber, and the vacuum of vacuum chamber is less than 10 millipascal；Anode network is arranged between negative electrode and microwave radiation window, described anode network, anode become microwave transmission chamber with microwave radiation window shape, the strong current electron beam that negative electrode produces forms virtual cathode at this microwave transmission intracavity, and described feedback step waveguide is arranged on anode inwall and between anode network and virtual cathode.The present invention rationally arranges waveguiding structure so that virtual cathode is stable, and can produce the High-Power Microwave that single-frequency is stable.The effect of anode network is under anode and cathode high pressure effect, and the strong current electron beam guiding emission of cathode to produce axially transmits to anode network, and makes electron beam pass anode network, forms virtual cathode after anode network.
It is preferred that, the anode of the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of described L-band and negative electrode are connected with the power supply that can produce 400kV or the positive pole of circuit and negative pole respectively.
It is preferred that, described anode is tubulose, one end of anode is straight tube-like, and the other end is horn-like (the horn-like sheath that may be interpreted as is expanded or sheath is seamlessly transitted to big end by small end from inside to outside), and this structure can make that microwave propagation is more smooth and easy, microwave is more easy to diffusion.
It is preferred that, the transmitting terminal of described negative electrode is provided with the annular convex for launching annular electron beam, and ring-type electron beam contributes to promoting bundle ripple conversion efficiency.
It is preferred that, described annular convex is axially launched strong current electron beam inner and outer diameter and is respectively 70mm, 100mm, line voltage be 400kV beam intensity be 12kA.
It is preferred that, described anode network includes that first anode net and second plate net, first anode net and second plate net are arranged on anode, and first anode net be arranged in parallel with second plate net.Use bilayer anode web frame, and after anode network, increase by a feedback step waveguide, make strong current electron beam can form stable virtual cathode after passing through second plate net.The single frequency high-power microwave produced by said structure is more stable.
It is preferred that, described first anode net and the electron beam transmitance of second plate net, more than 90%, are more beneficial for restrainting ripple conversion.
It is preferred that, the distance between described first anode net and second plate net is 25mm.
It is preferred that, described feedback step waveguide is circular, and a diameter of 260mm of feedback step waveguide, its axial length is 18mm.
It is preferred that, described negative electrode is velveteen negative electrode；Described microwave radiation window material is politef.Material is easily obtained, and contributes to the popularization and application of the present invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adds a feedback step waveguide after anode network, strong current electron beam, under the common effect of feedback step waveguide and anode network, makes strong current electron beam can form stable virtual cathode after passing through anode network.Being designed by this structure, axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators creates the High-Power Microwave that single-frequency is stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
In figure, 1-insulator, 2-negative electrode, 3-first anode net, 4-second plate net, 5-feeds back step waveguide, 6-annular electron beam, 7-virtual cathode, 8-microwave radiation window.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following stated.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band, it includes anode, the negative electrode 2 that can produce annular electron beam 6, the insulator 1 being arranged between anode and negative electrode 2, anode network, feedback step waveguide 5 and microwave radiation window 8；The material of insulator 1 is nylon, and the effect of insulator 1 is to be dielectrically separated from device anode and cathode；Described negative electrode 2, insulator 1 and microwave radiation window 8 are arranged in anode；The space evacuation that described anode, negative electrode 2, insulator 1 and microwave radiation window 8 surrounds forms vacuum chamber, and the vacuum of vacuum chamber is less than 10 millipascal, vacuum preferably 1～10 millipascal；Anode network is arranged between negative electrode 2 and microwave radiation window 8, described anode network, anode and microwave radiation window 8 form microwave transmission chamber, the strong current electron beam that negative electrode 2 produces forms virtual cathode 7 at this microwave transmission intracavity, and described feedback step waveguide 5 is arranged on anode inwall and between anode network and virtual cathode 7.
Preferably, the anode of described L-band axial virtual cathode 7 agitator and negative electrode 2 are connected with the power supply that can produce 400kV or the positive pole of circuit and negative pole respectively.
Preferably, described anode is tubulose, and one end of anode is straight tube-like, and the other end is horn-like.
Preferably, the transmitting terminal of described negative electrode 2 is provided with the annular convex for launching annular electron beam 6.
Preferably, the internal diameter size scope of described annular convex is 65mm～75mm；The outside dimension scope of described annular convex is 95mm～105mm；Further preferably, the inside/outside diameter size of described annular convex is respectively 70mm and 100mm, and annular convex is axially launched strong current electron beam inner and outer diameter and is respectively 70mm, 100mm, line voltage be 400kV beam intensity be 12kA.
Preferably, described anode network includes that first anode net 3 and second plate net 4, first anode net 3 and second plate net 4 are arranged on anode, and first anode net 3 be arranged in parallel with second plate net 4.In second plate net 4(axial virtual cathode 7 agitator distance negative electrode 2 closer to one layer of anode network) effect be under anode and cathode action of high voltage, guide negative electrode 2 to launch the strong current electron beam produced axially to transmit to anode network, and make electron beam penetrate first anode net 3 and second plate net 4, after second plate net 4, form virtual cathode 7.
Preferably, described first anode net 3 and the electron beam transmitance of second plate net 4 are more than 90%.
Preferably, the distance between described first anode net 3 and second plate net 4 is 20mm～30mm, it is highly preferred that the distance between first anode net 3 and second plate net 4 is 25mm.
Preferably, described feedback step waveguide 5 is circular, and a diameter of 250mm～270mm of feedback step waveguide 5, its axial length is 15～20mm；It is highly preferred that a diameter of 260mm of feedback step waveguide 5, axial length is 18mm.Feedback step waveguide 5 is arranged between second plate net 4 and virtual cathode 7, it is more preferred to, feedback step waveguide 5 is closer to second plate net 4, and the effect of feedback step waveguide 5 is that virtual cathode 7 produces a sudden change impedance, and the formation maintaining virtual cathode 7 is stable.
Preferably, described negative electrode 2 is velveteen negative electrode 2, and its effect is to produce strong current electron beam；Described microwave radiation window 8 material is politef.
Reference is further illustrated: reference 6 is that negative electrode 2 launches the annular electron beam 6 producing and axially transmitting under anode network guides.After reference 7 exceedes the space-charge-limited flow in waveguide for strong current electron beam current intensity, the virtual cathode 7 formed in waveguide cavity, in virtual cathode 7, part electronics can continue to waveguide cavity (i.e. described anode network, anode and microwave radiation window 8 form microwave transmission chamber) downstream transmission, and Most electronic is reflected back anode network by virtual cathode 7.
The present invention uses bilayer anode web frame, and after anode network, increase by a feedback step waveguide 5, strong current electron beam is under the common effect of feedback step waveguide 5 and anode network, make strong current electron beam can form stable virtual cathode 7 after passing through second plate net 4, by this structure, axial virtual cathode 7 agitator can produce the High-Power Microwave that single-frequency is stable.
The process that is preferable to carry out of the present invention is: with vacuum acquirement device, vacuum in axial virtual cathode 7 agitator is processed millipascal magnitude.Applying high voltage or very high voltage (such as 400kV) between anode and cathode, when voltage strength reaches the electron emission threshold of negative electrode 2 material, velveteen negative electrode 2 launches generation ring shaped axial strong current electron beam (beam intensity of electron beam is 12kA).Strong current electron beam axially transmits through second layer anode network under ground floor anode network guides, and under step waveguide effect, after second layer anode network, form stable virtual cathode 7 vibrate, energy is given microwave field by electron beam, producing High-Power Microwave (frequency is 1.53GHz), High-Power Microwave radiate through antenna (microwave radiation window 8).
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, it is noted that all any amendment, equivalent and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band, it is characterised in that: it includes anode, the negative electrode that can produce annular electron beam, arranges insulator, anode network, feedback step waveguide and microwave radiation window between the anode and cathode；Described negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window are arranged in anode；The space evacuation that described anode, negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window surrounds forms vacuum chamber, and the vacuum of vacuum chamber is less than 10 millipascal；Anode network is arranged between negative electrode and microwave radiation window, described anode network, anode become microwave transmission chamber with microwave radiation window shape, the strong current electron beam that negative electrode produces forms virtual cathode at this microwave transmission intracavity, and described feedback step waveguide is arranged on anode inwall and between anode network and virtual cathode.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anode of the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of described L-band and negative electrode are connected with the power supply that can produce 400kV or the positive pole of circuit and negative pole respectively.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: described anode is tubulose, and one end of anode is straight tube-like, and the other end is horn-like.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: the transmitting terminal of described negative electrode is provided with the annular convex for launching annular electron beam.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described annular convex is axially launched strong current electron beam inner and outer diameter and is respectively 70mm, 100mm, line voltage be 400kV beam intensity be 12kA.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described anode network includes first anode net and second plate net, first anode net and second plate net are arranged on anode, and first anode net be arranged in parallel with second plate net.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described first anode net and the electron beam transmitance of second plate net are more than 90%.
8. according to the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that: the distance between described first anode net and second plate net is 25mm.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described feedback step waveguide is circular, and a diameter of 260mm of feedback step waveguide, its axial length is 18mm.
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described negative electrode is velveteen negative electrode；Described microwave radiation window material is politef.
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| CN201610512743.6A CN105914118B (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2016-07-04 | A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band |
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| CN201610512743.6A CN105914118B (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2016-07-04 | A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110706990A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-17 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Waveguide inner filling metal grid array type C-band virtual cathode oscillator |
| CN110828263A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Microwave tube |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2046440C1 (en) * | 1993-06-08 | 1995-10-20 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики | Viricator |
| RU2221306C2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-01-10 | Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики | Magnetically isolated vircator |
| US20150348736A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-12-03 | Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Altemativer | Microwave generator with virtual cathode oscillator and open reflectors |
-
2016
- 2016-07-04 CN CN201610512743.6A patent/CN105914118B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2046440C1 (en) * | 1993-06-08 | 1995-10-20 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики | Viricator |
| RU2221306C2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-01-10 | Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики | Magnetically isolated vircator |
| US20150348736A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-12-03 | Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Altemativer | Microwave generator with virtual cathode oscillator and open reflectors |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘静: "同轴波导虚阴极振荡器的研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库信息科技辑》 * |
| 姜东兴, 等: "虚阴极振荡器的研究进展", 《舰船电子工程》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110706990A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-17 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Waveguide inner filling metal grid array type C-band virtual cathode oscillator |
| CN110706990B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-10-29 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Waveguide inner filling metal grid array type C-band virtual cathode oscillator |
| CN110828263A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Microwave tube |
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| CN105914118B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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