CN105914118B - A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band - Google Patents
A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band Download PDFInfo
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- CN105914118B CN105914118B CN201610512743.6A CN201610512743A CN105914118B CN 105914118 B CN105914118 B CN 105914118B CN 201610512743 A CN201610512743 A CN 201610512743A CN 105914118 B CN105914118 B CN 105914118B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/04—Cathodes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band, it includes insulator, anode network, feedback step waveguide and the microwave radiation window of anode, the negative electrode that can produce annular electron beam, setting between the anode and cathode；Described negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window is arranged in anode；The space that described anode, negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window is surrounded vacuumizes to form vacuum chamber, and the vacuum of vacuum chamber is no more than 10 millipascals；Anode network is arranged between negative electrode and microwave radiation window, described anode network, anode and microwave radiation window shape are into microwave transmission chamber, the strong current electron beam that negative electrode is produced is arranged on anode inwall and positioned between anode network and virtual cathode in microwave transmission intracavitary formation virtual cathode, described feedback step waveguide.The present invention can make strong current electron beam form stable virtual cathode after anode network is passed through.By this structure design, axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators generate the stable High-Power Microwave of single-frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-power pulsed ion beams field, and in particular to a kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band.
Background technology
High-Power Microwave refers to frequency in 1~300GHz scopes and peak power in more than 100MW electromagnetic wave, L-band
Refer to radio waveband of the frequency in 1~2GHz.With Pulse Power Techniques and the development of plasma physics, high power is micro-
Wave technology is also developed by leaps and bounds, and great progress is especially achieved in terms of the development of high-power microwave source, is successively gone out
Wide variety of different types of high-power microwave sources are showed.Virtual Cathode Oscillators be the important research direction of high-power microwave source it
One, receive and pay much attention in the world and widely studied in past more than the 20 years time.
Commonly known as Virtual Cathode Oscillators are totally different from common microwave source, because it needs one to exceed space electricity
The electric current of lotus limitation stream.Space-charge-limited flow refers to such a electric current, when Injection Current exceedes this electric current, electrostatic potential
The kinetic energy of electron beam is can exceed that, therefore, virtual cathode is by electron reflection, and reflection electronic vibrates between real negative electrode and virtual cathode, this
Referred to as reflex mechanism.Virtual cathode is unstable, and its position and gesture value also vibrate.Both mechanism can produce frequency approximately equal
Microwave radiation.Compared with other microwave sources, Virtual Cathode Oscillators have concept and advantages of simple structure and simple.It produces high power
Level, and easily tune, because it depending on charge density independent of any condition of resonance.
Virtual Cathode Oscillators are that a kind of strong current electron beam of emission of cathode under space charge device, high voltage passes through anode network
It is injected into drift tube, because electronics has strong space charge effect, the only electron beam less than space-charge-limited flow intensity
The transmission that can stablize.When electronic beam current exceedes the intensity of space charge limited current, potential energy of the electron beam in potential well
It will be increased to and be enough to offset the kinetic energy that electron institute has, cause beam electrons to be formed in a large amount of clusterings in some position in anode downstream
Virtual cathode.On the one hand being formed for virtual cathode transmitted the continuation for preventing electronics, and the reflection of incident electron part, reflection electronic leads to
Cross after anode network and returned to by the effect of true negative electrode, then reflection electronic is formed instead between real negative electrode and virtual cathode
Mechanism vibration is penetrated, microwave radiation is produced；The return of another aspect electronics reduces gesture value at virtual cathode, and electron beam can be transmitted again,
The increase of gesture value is in turn resulted in, continues to prevent the further transmission of electronics, the self-position and gesture value of virtual cathode is all shaken
Swing, produce electromagnetic radiation.
The formation and development of virtual cathode is a unstable kinematic nonlinearity process：On the one hand, it has one and negative electrode
The negative potential being substantially the same to anode, therefore the electronics in virtual cathode area will reflect back to anode, these reflection electronics are through sun
Pole reaches near negative electrode, and pushed back by negative electrode is counter, external radiation microwave is reflected towards to postback, here it is well known electronics
Reflection produces the mechanism of microwave；On the other hand, after electronics is reflected back, the electron number densitiy in virtual cathode area is small, potential
Change, the position of potential well will also change, at the same time, the electronics of true emission of cathode constantly supplements electricity to virtual cathode again
Son so that virtual cathode area electron number densitiy increase love, so as to cause the current potential of virtual cathode and position all to change, from macroscopically
It will appear as virtual cathode to shake with room and time formation, so that microwave radiation is encouraged, here it is virtual cathode self-oscillation is produced
The mechanism of microwave.So, Virtual Cathode Oscillators be by virtual cathode Space-time oscillating in itself and electronics virtual cathode and negative electrode it
Between two kinds of mechanism of roundtrip produce microwave jointly.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, step wave is fed back in present invention increase by one behind anode network
Lead, strong current electron beam makes strong current electron beam after anode network is passed through under the collective effect of feedback step waveguide and anode network
Stable virtual cathode can be formed, and this axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators can produce the stable High-Power Microwave of single-frequency.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band, it is wrapped
Anode is included, the negative electrode of annular electron beam can be produced, insulator between the anode and cathode, anode network, feedback step wave are set
Lead and microwave radiation window；Described negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window is arranged in anode；Described anode, negative electrode, absolutely
The space that edge body and microwave radiation window are surrounded vacuumizes to form vacuum chamber, and the vacuum of vacuum chamber is no more than 10 millipascals；Anode network
It is arranged between negative electrode and microwave radiation window, described anode network, anode and microwave radiation window shape are into microwave transmission chamber, negative electrode production
Raw strong current electron beam the microwave transmission intracavitary formation virtual cathode, described feedback step waveguide be arranged on anode inwall and
Between anode network and virtual cathode.It is of the invention that waveguiding structure is rationally set so that virtual cathode is stable, and can produce single-frequency
Stable High-Power Microwave.The effect of anode network is the high current electronics that guiding emission of cathode is produced under the effect of negative and positive extra-high voltage
Beam is axially transmitted to anode network, and electron beam is passed through anode network, and virtual cathode is formed after anode network.
It is preferred that, the anode and negative electrode of the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of described L-band are respectively with that can produce
400kV power supply or the positive pole of circuit are connected with negative pole.
It is preferred that, described anode is tubulose, and one end of anode is straight tube-like, and the other end is horn-like（Loudspeaker
Shape may be interpreted as that sheath is expanded from inside to outside or sheath is seamlessly transitted by small end to big end）, the structure can make
Microwave propagation is more smooth, microwave is more easy to diffusion.
It is preferred that, the transmitting terminal of described negative electrode is provided with the annular convex for launching annular electron beam, ring
Shape electron beam helps to lift beam ripple conversion efficiency.
It is preferred that, axially transmitting strong current electron beam inner and outer diameter is respectively 70mm to described annular convex,
100mm, line voltage is that 400kV beam intensities are 12kA.
It is preferred that, described anode network includes first anode net and second plate net, first anode net and second
Anode network is arranged on anode, and first anode net be arranged in parallel with second plate net.Using bilayer anode web frame, and
Step waveguide is fed back in increase by one behind anode network, strong current electron beam is formed stable void after second plate net is passed through cloudy
Pole.The single frequency high-power microwave produced by said structure is more stablized.
It is preferred that, described first anode net and the electron beam transmitance of second plate net are more than 90%, more favorably
In the conversion of beam ripple.
It is preferred that, the distance between described first anode net and second plate net are 25mm.
It is preferred that, described feedback step waveguide is annular shape, feeds back a diameter of 260mm of step waveguide, its
Axial length is 18mm.
It is preferred that, described negative electrode is velveteen negative electrode；Described microwave radiation window material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Material
Material is easily obtained, and contributes to the popularization and application of the present invention.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention adds a feedback step waveguide, strong current electron beam behind anode network
Under the collective effect of feedback step waveguide and anode network, strong current electron beam is set to form stable void after anode network is passed through cloudy
Pole.By this structure design, axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators generate the stable High-Power Microwave of single-frequency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention；
In figure, 1- insulators, 2- negative electrodes, 3- first anode nets, 4- second plate nets, 5- feedback step waveguides, 6- annulars
Electron beam, 7- virtual cathodes, 8- microwave radiation windows.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band, it includes anode, can produce the moon of annular electron beam 6
Pole 2, the insulator 1 being arranged between anode and negative electrode 2, anode network, feedback step waveguide 5 and microwave radiation window 8；Insulator 1
Material be nylon, the effect of insulator 1 is that device anode and cathode is dielectrically separated from；Described negative electrode 2, insulator 1 and micro-
Wave radiating window 8 is arranged in anode；The space that described anode, negative electrode 2, insulator 1 and microwave radiation window 8 is surrounded is vacuumized
Vacuum chamber is formed, the vacuum of vacuum chamber is no more than 10 millipascals, vacuum preferably 1~10 millipascal；Anode network be arranged on negative electrode 2 with
Between microwave radiation window 8, described anode network, anode and the formation microwave transmission chamber of microwave radiation window 8, the high current that negative electrode 2 is produced
Electron beam is arranged on anode inwall and positioned at sun in microwave transmission intracavitary formation virtual cathode 7, described feedback step waveguide 5
Between polar net and virtual cathode 7.
Preferably, the anode and negative electrode 2 of the axial oscillator of virtual cathode 7 of described L-band are respectively with that can produce 400kV's
The positive pole of power supply or circuit is connected with negative pole.
Preferably, described anode is tubulose, and one end of anode is straight tube-like, and the other end is horn-like.
Preferably, the transmitting terminal of described negative electrode 2 is provided with the annular convex for launching annular electron beam 6.
Preferably, the internal diameter size scope of described annular convex is 65mm~75mm；The external diameter of described annular convex
Size range is 95mm~105mm；Further preferably, the inside/outside diameter size of described annular convex is respectively 70mm and 100mm,
Axially transmitting strong current electron beam inner and outer diameter is respectively 70mm to annular convex, and 100mm, line voltage is that 400kV beam intensities are
12kA。
Preferably, described anode network includes first anode net 3 and second plate net 4, first anode net 3 and second plate
Net 4 is arranged on anode, and first anode net 3 be arranged in parallel with second plate net 4.Second plate net 4（Axial virtual cathode 7
In oscillator apart from negative electrode 2 closer to one layer of anode network）Effect be under anode and cathode action of high voltage, guiding negative electrode 2 launch
The strong current electron beam of generation is axially transmitted to anode network, and electron beam is penetrated first anode net 3 and second plate net 4,
Virtual cathode 7 is formed after two anode networks 4.
Preferably, the electron beam transmitance of described first anode net 3 and second plate net 4 is more than 90%.
Preferably, the distance between described first anode net 3 and second plate net 4 are 20mm~30mm, it is highly preferred that
The distance between first anode net 3 and second plate net 4 are 25mm.
Preferably, described feedback step waveguide 5 is annular shape, feeds back a diameter of 250mm~270mm of step waveguide 5,
Its axial length is 15~20mm；It is highly preferred that a diameter of 260mm of feedback step waveguide 5, axial length is 18mm.Feedback
Step waveguide 5 is arranged between second plate net 4 and virtual cathode 7, it is more preferred to, feedback step waveguide 5 closer to second
Anode network 4, the effect of feedback step waveguide 5 is to produce one to virtual cathode 7 to be mutated impedance, maintains the formation of virtual cathode 7 stable.
Preferably, described negative electrode 2 is velveteen negative electrode 2, and it is to produce strong current electron beam that it, which is acted on,；Described microwave radiation window
8 materials are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Reference is further illustrated：Reference 6 is that negative electrode 2 launches generation and in the net guided lower carry out axle of anode
To the annular electron beam 6 of transmission.Reference 7 is strong current electron beam current strength more than the space-charge-limited flow in waveguide
Afterwards, part electronics can continue to waveguide cavity in the virtual cathode 7 formed in waveguide cavity, virtual cathode 7（I.e. described anode network, sun
Pole and the formation microwave transmission chamber of microwave radiation window 8）Downstream transmission, Most electronic is reflected back anode network by virtual cathode 7.
The present invention uses bilayer anode web frame, and step waveguide 5, strong current electron beam are fed back in increase by one behind anode network
Under the collective effect of feedback step waveguide 5 and anode network, strong current electron beam is set to form stabilization after second plate net 4 is passed through
Virtual cathode 7, by this structure, the axial oscillator of virtual cathode 7 can produce the stable High-Power Microwave of single-frequency.
The present invention the process that is preferable to carry out be：Vacuum in the axial oscillator of virtual cathode 7 is handled with vacuum acquirement device
To millipascal magnitude.Apply high voltage or very high voltage between anode and cathode（Such as 400kV）, when voltage strength reaches the material of negative electrode 2
During electron emission threshold, the transmitting of velveteen negative electrode 2 produces ring shaped axial strong current electron beam（The beam intensity of electron beam is 12kA）.By force
Flow electron beam and pass through second layer anode network to transmission in the net guided lower axle of first layer anode, and under step waveguide effect, the
Stable virtual cathode 7 is formed after two layers of anode network to vibrate, energy is given microwave field by electron beam, produce High-Power Microwave（Frequency
For 1.53GHz）, High-Power Microwave is through antenna（Microwave radiation window 8）It radiate.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is noted that all
Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band, it is characterised in that：It include anode, can produce annular electron beam negative electrode,
Insulator, anode network, feedback step waveguide and microwave radiation window between the anode and cathode is set；Described negative electrode, insulation
Body and microwave radiation window are arranged in anode；Take out very in the space that described anode, negative electrode, insulator and microwave radiation window is surrounded
Sky forms vacuum chamber, and the vacuum of vacuum chamber is no more than 10 millipascals；Anode network is arranged between negative electrode and microwave radiation window, described
Anode network, anode and microwave radiation window shape into microwave transmission chamber, the strong current electron beam that negative electrode is produced is in the microwave transmission intracavitary
Virtual cathode is formed, described feedback step waveguide is arranged on anode inwall and positioned between anode network and virtual cathode.
2. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described L-band axial direction
The anode and negative electrode of Virtual Cathode Oscillators are connected with that can produce 400kV power supply or the positive pole of circuit and negative pole respectively.
3. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Described anode is
Tubulose, one end of anode is straight tube-like, and the other end is horn-like.
4. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Described negative electrode
Transmitting terminal is provided with the annular convex for launching annular electron beam.
5. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described annular convex
Inner and outer diameter is respectively 70mm, and 100mm, line voltage is 400kV, and beam intensity is 12kA.
6. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described anode network bag
Include first anode net and second plate net, first anode net and second plate net are arranged on anode, and first anode net with
Second plate net be arranged in parallel.
7. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The described first anode
The electron beam transmitance of net is more than 90%, and the electron beam transmitance of second plate net is more than 90%.
8. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that：The first described sun
The distance between polar net and second plate net are 25mm.
9. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described feedback step
Waveguide is the circular waveguide along Virtual Cathode Oscillators axis outwardly convex, feeds back a diameter of 260mm of step waveguide, its axial direction
Length is 18mm.
10. the axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of a kind of L-band according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described negative electrode is flat
Suede negative electrode；Described microwave radiation window material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
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| CN201610512743.6A CN105914118B (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2016-07-04 | A kind of axial Virtual Cathode Oscillators of L-band |
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| CN110706990B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-10-29 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Waveguide inner filling metal grid array type C-band virtual cathode oscillator |
| CN110828263A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 陕西中控微脉智能科技有限公司 | Microwave tube |
Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2046440C1 (en) * | 1993-06-08 | 1995-10-20 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики | Viricator |
| RU2221306C2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-01-10 | Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики | Magnetically isolated vircator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3000289B1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2017-08-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | OSCILLATING VIRTUAL CATHODE MICROWAVE GENERATOR WITH OPEN REFLECTORS |
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2016
- 2016-07-04 CN CN201610512743.6A patent/CN105914118B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2046440C1 (en) * | 1993-06-08 | 1995-10-20 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики | Viricator |
| RU2221306C2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-01-10 | Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики | Magnetically isolated vircator |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 同轴波导虚阴极振荡器的研究;刘静;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库信息科技辑》;20120715;第6-13,36-37页 * |
| 虚阴极振荡器的研究进展;姜东兴, 等;《舰船电子工程》;20051231;第25卷(第4期);第31页 * |
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