CN110823628A - Organic fertilizer decomposition absorption determination device and method - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer decomposition absorption determination device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110823628A CN110823628A CN201911172118.1A CN201911172118A CN110823628A CN 110823628 A CN110823628 A CN 110823628A CN 201911172118 A CN201911172118 A CN 201911172118A CN 110823628 A CN110823628 A CN 110823628A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer. The determination method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) fully mixing the organic fertilizer and the air-dried soil, and then measuring the initial organic matter content X0 in the soil sample; (2) determining the organic matter content Xt at t in the soil sample; (3) and (3) calculating the decomposition rate of the organic fertilizer, namely X0-Xt/X0 multiplied by 100%. The device and the method for measuring the decomposition absorption of the organic fertilizer realize real-time measurement of different humidity decomposition rates of the organic fertilizer, and are beneficial to research on decomposition characteristics of different organic fertilizers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer determination, in particular to a device and a method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer.
Background
The organic fertilizer is also called 'farmyard manure'. Organic fertilizers are all produced by using organic substances (compounds containing carbon elements) as fertilizers. Including human excrement, manure, compost, green manure, cake manure, biogas manure, and the like. Has the characteristics of multiple varieties, wide sources, long fertilizer efficiency and the like. The organic fertilizer contains many nutrient elements in organic state, and is difficult to be directly utilized by crops, and through the action of microorganisms, various nutrient elements are slowly released, and the nutrients are continuously supplied to the crops. The application of the organic fertilizer can improve the soil structure, coordinate water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil, and improve the soil fertility and the land productivity.
Organic matters in the organic fertilizer contain various nutrient elements, but the organic matters cannot be directly absorbed by plants, and the organic matters are decomposed into various elements (such as N, P, K, Ca, S, Si and the like) by microorganisms to be absorbed and utilized by the plants, and the process is called decomposition of the organic matters. The decomposition of organic matters has a plurality of influence factors including time, soil temperature, soil moisture, microorganism types, oxygen concentration and the like, so that the influence of different factors on the decomposition of the organic matters is researched, organic fertilizers can be applied in a targeted manner, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the organic fertilizers is improved. In the prior art, a device and a method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer are lacked, and the decomposition and absorption of the organic fertilizer are inconvenient to research, so that a device and a method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer are urgently needed to meet the requirement of research on decomposition and absorption of the organic fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art, and provides a device and a method for measuring the decomposition absorption of an organic fertilizer, which realize the real-time measurement of the decomposition rates of different humidities of the organic fertilizer and are beneficial to the research of the decomposition characteristics of different organic fertilizers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following scheme:
the invention provides an organic fertilizer decomposition absorption measuring device which comprises a measuring box, wherein a box cover is arranged at the top of the measuring box, the box cover and the measuring box are fixed through bolts, a water spray pipe is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the box cover, a plurality of atomizing nozzles are fixedly arranged on the water spray pipe, the water spray pipe is fixedly connected with a water inlet, a circular through hole is formed in the left side of the box cover, a sampling device is arranged in the circular through hole, the sampling device comprises a drill bit, a plurality of connecting rods are fixedly arranged at the top of the drill bit, the connecting rods are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the drill bit, a bottom support is fixedly arranged at the top of the connecting rods, a first handle is fixedly arranged at the top of the bottom support.
Preferably, survey be equipped with the heat preservation in the case wall, the heat preservation is rock wool fibrous layer, survey incasement side wall fixed mounting humidity probe and temperature probe.
Preferably, the lower end of the drill bit is conical, the upper end of the drill bit is a trapezoidal boss, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is the same as the diameter of the upper surface of the trapezoidal boss.
The invention also provides a method for determining the decomposition absorption of the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing the organic fertilizer and the air-dried soil, adding the mixture into a measuring box, fixing a box cover, sampling and measuring the initial organic matter content X in a soil sample0Spraying a certain amount of water through a water spraying pipe, and controlling the humidity of the soil to decompose the organic fertilizer;
(2) sampling at 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 60 th, 90 th, 120 th, 180 th, 240 th, 300 th and 360 th days by using a sampling device, and determining the organic matter content X at t time in the soil samplet；
(3) Calculating the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer ═ X0-Xt/X0×100％。
Preferably, the method of organic matter content is potassium dichromate volumetric method.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is one or a mixture of more of crop straws, leaves, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, vinasse, sugar residues and river sludge.
Preferably, the air-dried soil is naturally air-dried cultivated soil.
Preferably, the sampling method is as follows: the drill bit is pressed into soil in the measuring box through the first handle, the sleeve is pressed into the soil through the second handle, the bottom end of the sleeve is in contact with the drill bit, the sampling whole body is pulled out of the measuring box through the first handle, and a soil sample in the sleeve is poured out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the organic fertilizer decomposition absorption measuring device can quickly and accurately sample through the sampling device, the measuring box does not need to be opened during sampling, physical labor is reduced, meanwhile, the water spraying pipe is arranged at the top of the measuring box, the humidity of soil in the measuring box can be controlled through water spraying of the water spraying pipe, and the heat insulation layer is arranged in the wall of the measuring box and can maintain the temperature of the soil in the measuring box; the organic fertilizer decomposition absorption determination method is combined with an organic fertilizer decomposition absorption determination device, the organic matter content in the initial soil and the soil at t is determined by a potassium dichromate volumetric method, the organic fertilizer decomposition rate is calculated, the operation is simple, and the method can be used for researching decomposition changes of different organic fertilizers in different soils.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sampling apparatus of the organic fertilizer decomposition absorption measuring apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in the decomposition rate of an organic fertilizer when the initial soil humidity is 10%;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in the rate of decay of the organic fertilizer when the initial soil humidity is 15%;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the decay rate of an organic fertilizer when the initial soil humidity is 20%;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change of the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer at an initial soil humidity of 25%
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in the rate of decay of the organic fertilizer when the initial soil humidity is 30%;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer at 120d for each initial soil humidity.
In the figure:
1-measuring box, 2-box cover, 3-water spray pipe, 4-water inlet, 5-sampling device, 101-insulating layer, 102-humidity probe, 103-temperature probe, 501-drill bit, 502-connecting rod, 503-bottom support, 504-handle I, 505-sleeve and 506-handle II.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1 of the drawings, in which, 2 shown, an organic fertilizer decomposes absorption survey device, including survey case 1, survey 1 top of case is equipped with case lid 2, case lid 2 passes through the bolt fastening with survey case 1, fixed mounting spray pipe 3 in the middle of 2 lower surfaces of case lid, a plurality of atomizer of fixed mounting on the spray pipe 3, spray pipe 3 and water inlet 4 fixed connection, circular through-hole has been seted up on case lid 2 left side, be equipped with sampling device 5 in the circular through-hole, sampling device 5 includes drill bit 501, a plurality of connecting rods 502 of drill bit 501 top fixed mounting, connecting rod 502 evenly sets up along drill bit 501 circumference, connecting rod 502 top fixed mounting collet 503, collet 503 top fixed mounting handle one 504, connecting rod 502 surface is equipped with sleeve 505, vertical through-hole has been seted up to sleeve 505 lateral wall, connecting rod 502 runs through the through-hole through sleeve 505 lateral wall, sleeve 505 surperficial upside fixed.
The lower end of the drill bit 501 is conical, the upper end of the drill bit 501 is a trapezoidal boss, and the outer diameter of the sleeve 505 is the same as the diameter of the upper surface of the trapezoidal boss.
Example 1
A method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing pig manure and air-dried soil, adding into a measuring box, fixing a box cover, sampling and measuring the initial organic matter content X in a soil sample0Spraying a certain amount of water through a water spraying pipe, and controlling the humidity of the soil to be 10% to decompose the organic fertilizer;
(2) sampling at 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 60 th, 90 th, 120 th, 180 th, 240 th, 300 th and 360 th days by using a sampling device, and determining the organic matter content X at t time in the soil samplet；
(3) Calculating the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer ═ X0-Xt/X 0100%, the decay rate data are shown in Table 1, and the data in Table 1 are plotted in a graph as shown in FIG. 3.
TABLE 1 change in decomposition Rate of organic fertilizers at an initial soil humidity of 10%
| Days/ |
10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 |
| Rate of decay/%) | 6.8 | 14.8 | 21.3 | 35.5 | 46.2 | 53.4 | 59.6 | 61.7 | 62.5 | 63.4 |
Example 2
A method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing pig manure and air-dried soil, adding the mixture into a measuring box, fixing a box cover, sampling and measuring the initial organic matter content X in a soil sample0Spraying a certain amount of water through a water spraying pipe, and controlling the humidity of the soil to be 15% to decompose the organic fertilizer;
(2) sampling at 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 60 th, 90 th, 120 th, 180 th, 240 th, 300 th and 360 th days by using a sampling device, and determining the organic matter content X at t time in the soil samplet；
(3) Calculating the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer ═ X0-Xt/X 0100%, the decay rate data are shown in Table 2, and the data in Table 2 are plotted in a graph as shown in FIG. 4.
TABLE 2 change in decomposition rate of organic fertilizer at initial soil humidity of 15%
| Days/ |
10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 |
| Rate of decay/%) | 7.2 | 17.3 | 24.7 | 38.4 | 48.9 | 57.4 | 63.2 | 65.5 | 67.9 | 68.5 |
Example 3
A method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing pig manure and air-dried soil, adding the mixture into a measuring box, fixing a box cover, sampling and measuring the initial organic matter content X in a soil sample0Spraying a certain amount of water through a water spraying pipe, and controlling the humidity of the soil to be 20% to decompose the organic fertilizer;
(2) sampling at 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 60 th, 90 th, 120 th, 180 th, 240 th, 300 th and 360 th days by using a sampling device, and determining the organic matter content X at t time in the soil samplet；
(3) Calculating the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer ═ X0-Xt/X 0100%, the decay rate data are shown in Table 3, and the data in Table 3 are plotted in a graph as shown in FIG. 5.
TABLE 3 change in decomposition Rate of organic fertilizers at 20% initial soil humidity
| Days/ |
10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 |
| Rate of decay/%) | 8.3 | 18.7 | 28.3 | 47.8 | 60.5 | 68.7 | 74.4 | 76.9 | 78.8 | 79.8 |
Example 4
A method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing pig manure and air-dried soil, adding the mixture into a measuring box, fixing a box cover, sampling and measuring the initial organic matter content X in a soil sample0Spraying a certain amount of water through a water spraying pipe, and controlling the humidity of the soil to be 25% to decompose the organic fertilizer;
(2) sampling at 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 60 th, 90 th, 120 th, 180 th, 240 th, 300 th and 360 th days by using a sampling device, and determining the organic matter content X at t time in the soil samplet；
(3) Calculating the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer ═ X0-Xt/X 0100%, the decay rate data are shown in Table 4, and the data in Table 4 are plotted in a graph as shown in FIG. 6.
TABLE 4 change in decomposition Rate of organic fertilizers at initial soil humidity of 25%
| Days/ |
10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 |
| Rate of decay/%) | 7.6 | 18.5 | 26.3 | 40.2 | 46.7 | 59.5 | 68.4 | 70.2 | 71.5 | 72.3 |
Example 5
A method for determining decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing pig manure and air-dried soil, adding the mixture into a measuring box, fixing a box cover, sampling and measuring the initial organic matter content X in a soil sample0Spraying a certain amount of water through a water spraying pipe, and controlling the humidity of the soil to be 30% to decompose the organic fertilizer;
(2) sampling at 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 60 th, 90 th, 120 th, 180 th, 240 th, 300 th and 360 th days by using a sampling device, and determining the organic matter content X at t time in the soil samplet；
(3) Calculating the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer ═ X0-Xt/X 0100%, the decay rate data are shown in Table 5, and the data in Table 5 are plotted in a graph as shown in FIG. 7.
TABLE 5 change in decomposition Rate of organic fertilizers at an initial soil humidity of 30%
| Days/ |
10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 |
| Rate of decay/%) | 7.1 | 16.7 | 23.6 | 36.5 | 45.3 | 51.4 | 57.9 | 62.4 | 63.8 | 64.5 |
FIG. 8 is a graph plotting the decomposition rate data for 120 days of organic fertilizer in examples 1-5.
As can be seen from the graphs 3-7, the decomposition rate of the organic fertilizer is rapidly increased in 10-120 days, the decomposition rate is still slowly increased in 240 days, and the decomposition rate of the organic fertilizer is basically kept unchanged after 300 days, which indicates that the decomposition of the organic fertilizer is basically stopped. As can be seen from FIG. 8, also at 120d, when the humidity of the soil is below 20%, the decomposition rate of the organic fertilizer increases with the increase of the sudden humidity, and after the humidity of the soil exceeds 20%, the decomposition rate of the organic fertilizer decreases with the increase of the sudden humidity, and finally, the organic fertilizer tends to be stable.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or limiting of the specific embodiments of the invention. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The organic fertilizer decomposition absorption measuring device is characterized by comprising a measuring box (1), wherein a box cover (2) is arranged at the top of the measuring box (1), the box cover (2) and the measuring box (1) are fixed through bolts, a water spray pipe (3) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the box cover (2), a plurality of atomizing spray heads are fixedly arranged on the water spray pipe (3), the water spray pipe (3) is fixedly connected with a water inlet (4), a round through hole is formed in the left side of the box cover (2), a sampling device (5) is arranged in the round through hole, the sampling device (5) comprises a drill bit (501), a plurality of connecting rods (502) are fixedly arranged at the top of the drill bit (501), the connecting rods (502) are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the drill bit (501), a base (503) is fixedly arranged at the top of the connecting rods (502), and a, the surface of the connecting rod (502) is provided with a sleeve (505), the side wall of the sleeve (505) is provided with a vertical through hole, the connecting rod (502) penetrates through the through hole of the side wall of the sleeve (505), and the upper side of the surface of the sleeve (505) is fixedly provided with a second handle (506).
2. The organic fertilizer decomposition absorption measuring device according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer (101) is arranged in the wall of the measuring box (1), the insulating layer (101) is a rock wool fiber layer, and a humidity probe (102) and a temperature probe (103) are fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the measuring box (1).
3. The organic fertilizer decomposition absorption measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the drill bit (501) is conical, the upper end of the drill bit (501) is a trapezoidal boss, and the outer diameter of the sleeve (505) is the same as the diameter of the upper surface of the trapezoidal boss.
4. The method for measuring decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer by using the apparatus for measuring decomposition and absorption of an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) fully mixing the organic fertilizer and the air-dried soil, adding the mixture into a measuring box, fixing a box cover, sampling and measuring the initial organic matter content X in a soil sample0Spraying a certain amount of water through a water spraying pipe, and controlling the humidity of the soil to decompose the organic fertilizer;
(2) sampling at 10 th, 20 th, 30 th, 60 th, 90 th, 120 th, 180 th, 240 th, 300 th and 360 th days by using a sampling device, and determining the organic matter content X at t time in the soil samplet；
(3) Calculating the decomposition rate of organic fertilizer ═ X0-Xt/X0×100％。
5. The method for measuring decomposition absorption of organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the method for measuring organic matter content is potassium dichromate volumetric method.
6. The method for determining the decay absorption of the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the organic fertilizer is one or more of crop straws, leaves, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, vinasse, sugar residues and river sludge.
7. The method for measuring decomposition absorption of an organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the air-dried soil is a naturally air-dried cultivated soil.
8. The method for determining decomposition and absorption of organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the sampling method comprises: the drill bit is pressed into soil in the measuring box through the first handle, the sleeve is pressed into the soil through the second handle, the bottom end of the sleeve is in contact with the drill bit, the sampling whole body is pulled out of the measuring box through the first handle, and a soil sample in the sleeve is poured out.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112683723A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-20 | 淮阴师范学院 | Quantitative analysis method for anaerobic decomposition intensity in straw returning soil |
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