CN110821610B - 一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器 - Google Patents

一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器 Download PDF

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CN110821610B
CN110821610B CN201911262363.1A CN201911262363A CN110821610B CN 110821610 B CN110821610 B CN 110821610B CN 201911262363 A CN201911262363 A CN 201911262363A CN 110821610 B CN110821610 B CN 110821610B
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左青松
沈壮
陈伟
谢勇
张建平
张彬
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Xiangtan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器,由进气法兰1、入口管2、扩张管3、HC吸附部分4、HC吸附部分减震层5、间隙结构6、电加热装置7、催化转化部分减震层8、催化转化部分9、收缩管10、壳体11、出口管12、排气法兰13组成,通过在传统催化转化部分基础上套筒式串联加装HC吸附部分,并在间隙结构中安装电加热装置,有效改善汽油车发动机冷启动HC吸附处理和CO、HC和NOx净化处理问题,能够进一步提高尾气热催化转化效率,优化尾气净化处理,具有结构紧凑、性能良好、运行稳定等优点。

Description

一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车尾气处理技术领域,具体为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器。
背景技术
伴随着我国经济实力的突飞猛进,人们的生活质量不断提高,人们对于机动车的需求量也逐渐增大,机动车的保有量迅速增加。日益严格的排放法规对发动机排放控制提出了更高的要求,仅依靠机内净化的方式来控制发动机尾气污染物的排放量已经不能满足当前排放标准和法规的要求。
汽油机的快速发展为减少能源消耗起到了重要作用,但是汽油机排放也给空气质量带来不利影响。尤其是在其冷起动阶段,由于起动转速较低、漏气和热损失加重,导致汽油机冷起动时的压缩温度、压缩压力比正常运行状态下要低很多,喷入燃烧室的燃油不大可能立即正常燃烧,在燃油燃烧之前,喷入缸内的燃油就会以未燃碳氢化合物的形式排出气缸。同时,当温度低于150℃时,催化转化器的催化剂基本上不起作用,从而造成汽油机冷起动阶段的碳氢化合物排放非常严重,冷起动时排放的高浓度的碳氢化合物表现为蓝白烟,是汽油机产生环境问题之一。大量研究表明,在汽油机的一个测试循环中,大约有50%-70%的碳氢化合物排放来自于汽油机的冷起动阶段。
为了节省排气后处理系统空间,提升尾气净化效率,可以将汽油机的碳氢吸附装置与催化转化器装置有机组合,设计成套筒式结构,实现发动机冷启动HC吸附处理和CO、HC和NOx净化处理的双重功能。因此,设计开发结构紧凑、性能良好、运行稳定的一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器具有重要的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器,套筒式的结构设计不仅能够对发动机冷启动阶段排气中的HC化合物进行处理,而且通过设置催化转化部分能够对发动机排放尾气中的CO、HC和NOx进行控制,此外设置的电加热装置还能有效提高热催化氧化转化效率,从而提高尾气处理效率。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器用于汽油车发动机排气系统中,优选地,一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器在装配状态下呈水平布置,其特征在于HC吸附部分、间隙结构、电加热装置、催化转化部分等结构依次安装在横截面为圆形的壳体中。
所述HC吸附部分由吸附剂和填充吸附剂的填充床组成,其中吸附剂是以海泡石为原料制备的介孔分子筛,介孔分子筛具有特殊的微孔结构、较大的比表面积和足够的吸附容量,且择形选择性强,能自动挡住大孔径分子,对直径小于微孔孔径的分子进行吸附;采用多孔介质填充床,吸附剂涂覆在载体孔的内壁上,这种蜂窝状通道大大增加了废气与吸附剂的接触,并减小了背压,具有较好的净化性能。
进一步地,所述HC吸附部分吸附剂介孔分子筛制备材料为海泡石,其制备方法为:将海泡石浸渍在浓度为5mol/L,温度为80℃的盐酸中处理4h后,加入去离子水搅拌,然后加入20%的CTAB水溶液搅拌1h,然后选用0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液调节PH至12,老化24h,混合液转移至内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在120℃下反应72h,过滤,干燥得到中间体,中间体经过高温焙烧,得到吸附剂介孔分子筛。
所述催化转化部分是一系列连续进出孔道组成,排气由进口孔道进入捕集器,在催化剂的热催化作用下,经过一系列化学反应,尾气中的HC化合物、CO、NOx被净化,然后气流从出口孔道流出,所述催化型微粒捕集器多孔介质载体材料为海泡石,表面涂覆有贵金属催化剂。
进一步地,所述催化转化器载体多孔介质载体材料为海泡石,其制备方法为:将海泡石浸渍在浓度为1mol/L的盐酸中处理18h后,经过干燥焙烧后得到酸性海泡石,再将酸性海泡石浸渍于一定浓度的催化剂溶液中进行超声波浸渍处理,最后经过高温恒温焙烧,得到催化剂负载的海泡石载体。
所述HC吸附部分与催化转化部分均与壳体的内表面间隔开一定间距,该间距可根据所用装置的类型和设计而变化。该间距间填满减震层,可为HC吸附部分填充床和催化转化部分载体提供弹性支撑,弹性减震层既提供对外部环境的隔热,又提供对脆性结构的机械支撑,从而在宽的后处理操作温度范围内保护脆性结构不受机械冲击的影响。
所述HC吸附部分右侧和催化转化部分左侧之间为中间间隙结构,间隙结构宽度为10-50mm。
所述间隙结构中安装有电加热装置,由电阻丝发热提供热量,以下将以几个实施例论述。
作为优选的实施例1,电加热装置选用圆柱形螺旋弹簧形电阻丝,弹簧电阻丝外径为壳体内径,利用固定装置将电阻丝固定在壳体上。
作为优选的实施例2,电加热装置选用电阻丝网,电阻丝网外圈为圆形,内部由交错布置的电阻丝呈一定规则形状编织形成,利用固定装置通过固定外圈固定在壳体上。
作为优选地实施例3,电加热装置选用双向宝塔形弹簧电阻丝,双向宝塔形弹簧电阻丝轴向双向最外1-2圈弹簧丝外径为壳体内径,其余弹簧丝外径为壳体外径的1/3大小,利用固定装置通过固定轴向双向最外1-2圈弹簧丝固定在壳体上。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)通过在间隙结构部分设置电加热装置,可有效提高进入催化转化部分尾气温度,促进催化转化部分热催化反应的发生,提高尾气净化效率;
(2)本发明布置将HC吸附部分与催化转化部分套筒式串联连接,通过化学反应、吸附、脱附、撞击等机理,能有效减少汽车尾气排放中的有害气体,大幅降低汽车排入大气中污染物的排放浓度,且催化转化部分与HC吸附部分载体的多孔介质特性在进一步降低排气噪声方面也具有一定效果;
(3)实施例1中的圆柱形螺旋弹簧形电阻丝制造简单,能够有效地提升尾气温度;实施例2中的电阻丝网相比于实施例1节省空间,尾气能够与电阻丝充分接触并对其加热,同时能够起到尾气扰流作用,进一步提升气流均匀性;实施例3中的双向宝塔形弹簧电阻丝相比于实施例1与实施例2,易于安装固定,能够更加有效地实现对尾气的集中加热,提高加热效率;
(4)通过在HC吸附部分右侧与催化转化部分左侧之间设置一定间隙结构,能够促使由HC吸附部分处理的排气气体重新分配进入催化转化部分,有效调节尾气气流均匀性,提高尾气净化效率;
(5)采用具有高热稳定性、高吸附性、大比表面积和无毒无放射性的海泡石作为催化转化部分载体与介孔分子筛制备原料,能够有效提升HC吸附效率与尾气净化效率;
(6)能够实现发动机尾气净化与冷启动时HC化合物吸附处理的套筒式结构设计,能优化和节省排气后处理系统空间结构,具有结构紧凑、性能良好、运行稳定等优点。
附图说明
以实施例1为例对一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器进行附图说明。
图1为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例1整体结构半剖示意图。
图2为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例1A-A方向剖视图。
图3为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例1电加热装置三维示意图。
图4为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例2整体结构半剖示意图。
图5为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例2B-B方向剖视图。
图6为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例2电加热装置三维示意图。
图7为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例2整体结构半剖示意图。
图8为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例3C-C方向剖视图。
图9为一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器实施例3电加热装置三维示意图。
图中:1.进气法兰、2.入口管、3.扩张管、4.HC吸附部分、5. HC吸附部分减震层、6.间隙结构、7.电加热装置、8.催化转化部分减震层、9.催化转化部分、10.收缩管、11.壳体、12.出口管、13.排气法兰。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例1中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
参阅图1,一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器包括进气法兰1、入口管2、扩张管3、HC吸附部分4、HC吸附部分减震层5、间隙结构6、电加热装置7、催化转化部分减震层8、催化转化部分9、收缩管10、壳体11、出口管12、排气法兰13。
一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器在装配状态下呈水平布置,前段安装有进气法兰1、入口管2、扩张管3;HC吸附部分4由吸附剂和填充吸附剂的填充床组成,其中吸附剂是以海泡石为原料制备的介孔分子筛,采用多孔介质填充床,吸附剂涂覆在载体孔的内壁;HC吸附部分4与催化转化部分9均与壳体11的内表面间均隔开一定间距,该间距填满HC吸附部分减震层5或催化转化部分减震层8;HC吸附部分4右侧和催化转化部分9左侧之间为间隙结构6,间隙结构6中安装有电加热装置7,由电阻丝发热提供热量;催化转化部分9设置在间隙结构6右侧区域,载体区域均为多孔介质,其制备材料为海泡石,表面涂有贵金属催化剂,末尾安装有收缩管14、出口管15与排气法兰16;左侧进气法兰1与右侧排气法兰16分别用于与汽车排气系统连接。
工作原理:发动机冷启动时排气高速尾气气流流进入口管2、扩张管3,由吸附剂和填充吸附剂的填充床组成的HC吸附部分4,能够在低温状态下吸附尾气中的大量HC化合物,尾气经过间隙结构6,排气气体重新分配,调节尾气气流均匀性的同时设置的电加热装置7中的电阻丝发热对尾气进行加热,进入催化转化部分9,对排气尾气中的HC化合物、CO、NOx进行热催化氧化后处理,净化后的尾气经由收缩管10、出口管12进入排气歧管,经过进一步的尾气处理后排入大气。

Claims (1)

1.一种汽油车套筒式分子筛碳氢吸附型催化转化器,其特征在于包括HC吸附部分(4)、电加热装置(7)、催化转化部分(9),HC吸附部分(4)与催化转化部分(9)套筒式串联连接,并在其中间设置一定宽度的间隙结构(6),间隙结构(6)中安装有电加热装置(7),所述HC吸附部分(4)设置在间隙结构(6)左侧区域,能够吸附汽油车冷启动过程排气中的HC;所述催化转化部分(9)设置在间隙结构(6)右侧区域,能够将汽油车排气中排气尾气中的HC化合物、CO、NOx进行热催化氧化后处理;
所述电加热装置选用双向宝塔形弹簧电阻丝,双向宝塔形弹簧电阻丝轴向双向最外1-2圈弹簧丝外径为壳体内径,其余弹簧丝外径为壳体外径的1/3大小,利用固定装置通过固定轴向双向最外1-2圈弹簧丝固定在壳体上;
所述HC吸附部分(4)由吸附剂和填充吸附剂的填充床组成,其中吸附剂是以海泡石为原料制备的介孔分子筛,采用多孔介质填充床,吸附剂涂覆在载体孔的内壁上;所述催化转化部分(9)载体区域均为多孔介质,其制备材料为海泡石,表面涂有贵金属催化剂;
所述HC吸附部分吸附剂介孔分子筛制备材料为海泡石,其制备方法为:将海泡石浸渍在浓度为5mol/L,温度为80℃的盐酸中处理4h后,加入去离子水搅拌,然后加入20%的CTAB水溶液搅拌1h,然后选用0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液调节PH至12,老化24h,混合液转移至内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在120℃下反应72h,过滤,干燥得到中间体,中间体经过高温焙烧,得到吸附剂介孔分子筛;
所述催化转化器载体多孔介质载体材料为海泡石,其制备方法为:将海泡石浸渍在浓度为1mol/L的盐酸中处理18h后,经过干燥焙烧后得到酸性海泡石,再将酸性海泡石浸渍于一定浓度的催化剂溶液中进行超声波浸渍处理,最后经过高温恒温焙烧,得到催化剂负载的海泡石载体;
所述催化转化部分与HC吸附部分载体的多孔介质进一步降低排气噪声。
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