CN110819773A - 一种控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及低合金高强耐候钢领域,具体为一种控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,通过在低合金高强耐候钢热变形后引入多级正火工艺,有效的消除或减弱钢中的带状组织,从而大幅提高钢的低温冲击性能。按元素质量百分比计,低合金高强耐候钢的成分范围为,碳:≤0.16%;铬:0.40~0.80%;铜:0.25~0.55%;硫:≤0.03%;磷:≤0.03%;硅:≤0.50%;锰:0.50~1.50%;铌:0.05~0.20%;余量为铁。采用本发明对低合金高强耐候钢进行多级正火处理,不仅显著提升钢板的低温冲击性能,也使得钢板的拉伸性能得以保持,进而保证低合金高强耐候钢板在严寒地区的服役性能。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及低合金高强耐候钢领域,具体说是一种控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺。
背景技术:
耐候钢具有优良的力学性能及耐腐蚀性能,同时其成本低于不锈钢而耐腐蚀性能远高于普碳钢,因此得到了广泛的应用。但是,在这种低合金高强度耐候钢的连铸连轧或者热轧过程中容易产生带状组织。所谓带状组织是指在显微组织中,铁素体和珠光体各自呈条带状,并且相互之间交替分布的组织状态。在热轧态的亚共析钢中,带状组织是普遍存在的现象。普遍认为,带状组织对强度的各向异性影响很小,但可使横向的断面收缩降低,从而产生各向异性。此外,带状组织将显著降低横向的冲击韧性,尤其是Z向的冲击韧性。因此,带状组织的存在限制了高强度耐候钢在高寒地区的应用。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,克服该合金在热加工后因出现带状组织而导致低温冲击性能下降的缺点,使其满足高寒地区的服役条件要求。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,具体步骤如下:
先将具有带状组织的低合金高强耐候钢在950℃~1050℃保温3~5分钟,再随炉冷至500℃~600℃保温10~15分钟后,空冷至室温。
所述的控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,按元素质量百分比计,低合金高强耐候钢的化学成分如下:
碳:≤0.16%;铬:0.40~0.80%;铜:0.25~0.55%;硫:≤0.03%;磷:≤0.03%;硅:≤0.50%;锰:0.50~1.50%;铌:0.05~0.20%;余量为铁。
所述的控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,低合金高强耐候钢是通过轧制的方式进行热变形的,包括控制轧制或普通轧制,通过调整低合金高强耐候钢轧制后的正火工艺,在保持拉伸性能下提升低温冲击性能,保证低合金高强耐候钢板在严寒地区的服役性能。
本发明的设计思想是:
本发明设计了一种低合金高强耐候钢的多级正火工艺,通过调整低合金高强耐候钢热加工后的正火工艺,可以大幅提高耐候钢的低温冲击性能。在耐候钢热加工后进行在950℃~1050℃保温3~5分钟,炉冷至珠光体条带发生分解,带状组织逐渐消失;同时,由于合金中Nb(C、N)的存在,抑制了在该温度的铁素体晶粒的长大,并利用钢板在500℃~600℃保温10~15分钟,给C和N等间隙原子足够的扩散时间,保证了这些元素的钉扎作用,从而使得低合金高强度耐候钢获得较高的综合力学性能。
本发明的优点及有益效果在于:
1、本发明通过抑制或消除低合金高强度耐候钢的带状组织,显著提升了合金的低温冲击性能。
2、本发明可以在消除或减弱带状组织的同时,铁素体晶粒尺寸没有明显增长,保证了合金的力学性能下降不明显。
附图说明:
图1为低合金高强耐候钢多级正火工艺流程图。
图2为控制轧制态低合金高强耐候钢多级正火处理前后的显微组织照片。其中,
图2(a)原始态(光学显微镜100×);图2(b)多级正火处理后(光学显微镜100×)。
图3为热轧态低合金高强耐候钢多级正火处理前后的显微组织照片。其中,图3(a)轧制态(光学显微镜100×);图2(b)多级正火态(光学显微镜100×)。
具体实施方式:
下面,通过实施例和附图对本发明进一步详细阐述。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,包括如下步骤:
1)对工业化控制轧制生产的12mm厚低合金耐候钢板,分析化学成分见表1。
表1控制轧制钢板的化学成分
2)对低合金高强耐候钢板进行多级正火处理,热处理制度为:1040℃保温5分钟,炉冷至520℃再保温30min,然后取出空冷;其中,炉冷的冷却时间为18min。
通过对多级正火处理前后的钢板进行组织观察,可以发现经过处理后,钢板的带状组织得到明显的改善,但仍能发现部分区域存在带状组织,见图2。但经过多级正火处理后,钢板的铁素体晶粒略有长大。对钢板的正火处理前后的冲击性能和拉伸性能进行测试,其结果见表2和表3。从结果中可以看出,低温冲击性能明显提高,但钢板的拉伸性能有所降低,其中屈服强度降低约15MPa,但仍满足欧洲标准EN10025中规定的钢板屈服强度最低355MPa的要求。
表2控轧控冷态低合金高强耐候钢正火处理前后的冲击性能测试结果。
表3控轧控冷态低合金高强耐候钢正火处理前后的室温拉伸性能测试结果
状态 | 屈服强度/MPa | 抗拉强度/MPa | 延伸率/% |
多级正火前 | 383 | 519 | 32.8 |
多级正火后 | 368 | 509 | 35.4 |
实施例2
如图1所示,本实施例控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,包括如下步骤:
1)将工业纯铁、石墨、金属锰、铬、铜等常规原材料装入CaO坩埚,进行真空感应熔炼,升温熔炼、浇铸,待铸锭完全凝固后,开模取出;成分分析结果见表4。
2)将铸锭在1150℃保温2h后进行合金锻造,切除冒口,最终锻成30mm厚的板材;
3)在1050~1100℃保温1h后进行轧制,然后空冷,得到厚度为14mm的板材;
4)对低合金高强耐候钢板进行多级正火处理,热处理制度为:950℃保温3分钟,炉冷至580℃再保温20min,然后取出空冷;其中,炉冷的冷却时间为25min。
采用热轧方法制备的低合金高强度耐候钢板的带状组织明显没有控制轧制态钢板严重,因此通过多级正火后钢板的带状组织被完全消除,而且铁素体的晶粒尺寸也没有变化(见图3)。从多级正火前后拉伸性能和冲击性能对比来看(表5、表6),合金的拉伸性能几乎不变,但是低温冲击性能明显改善。
表4热轧态低合金高强耐候钢板的化学成分
表5热轧态低合金高强耐候钢正火处理前后的冲击性能测试结果
表6热轧态低合金高强耐候钢正火处理前后的室温拉伸性能测试结果
采用本发明对低合金高强耐候钢进行多级正火处理,不仅显著提升了钢板的低温冲击性能,也使得钢板的拉伸性能得以保持,进而保证低合金高强耐候钢板在严寒地区的服役性能。
Claims (3)
1.一种控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
先将具有带状组织的低合金高强耐候钢在950℃~1050℃保温3~5分钟,再随炉冷至500℃~600℃保温10~15分钟后,空冷至室温。
2.按照权利要求1所述的控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,其特征在于,按元素质量百分比计,低合金高强耐候钢的化学成分如下:
碳:≤0.16%;铬:0.40~0.80%;铜:0.25~0.55%;硫:≤0.03%;磷:≤0.03%;硅:≤0.50%;锰:0.50~1.50%;铌:0.05~0.20%;余量为铁。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的控制低合金高强耐候钢带状组织的热处理工艺,其特征在于,低合金高强耐候钢是通过轧制的方式进行热变形的,包括控制轧制或普通轧制,通过调整低合金高强耐候钢轧制后的正火工艺,在保持拉伸性能下提升低温冲击性能,保证低合金高强耐候钢板在严寒地区的服役性能。
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