CN110815967A - 一种塑料流水线的防火包覆材 - Google Patents

一种塑料流水线的防火包覆材 Download PDF

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CN110815967A
CN110815967A CN201910380423.3A CN201910380423A CN110815967A CN 110815967 A CN110815967 A CN 110815967A CN 201910380423 A CN201910380423 A CN 201910380423A CN 110815967 A CN110815967 A CN 110815967A
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fireproof
fire
blanket
fiber
production line
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廖德超
曹俊哲
颜世勋
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Nan Ya Plastics Corp
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    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/145—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems providing fire-resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
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    • F16L57/04—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against fire or other external sources of extreme heat
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Abstract

本发明提供一种塑料流水线的防火包覆材，塑料流水线的防火包覆材具覆盖或包覆一塑料流水线的防火用途，塑料流水线的防火包覆材的断面结构以针轧或热压合构成呈一体化结构的双层或三层以上的叠层结构，断面结构的其中一层叠层结构，以厚度介于0.2～250毫米的防火纤维织造毯构成，且防火纤维织造毯的上侧或下侧、或其上侧及下侧两侧，以厚度介于0.015～0.5毫米的防火补强层构成；其中，防火纤维织造毯选自聚丙烯腈氧化纤维织造毯、陶瓷纤维织造毯和水溶性碱土纤维织造毯中的一种，且防火补强层选自玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布和硅橡胶中的一种。

Description

一种塑料流水线的防火包覆材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防火包覆材，特别是涉及一种用于包覆塑料流水线的防火包覆材。
背景技术
一般住宅或建筑物中的污水管及电线管路(以下简称建物的塑料流水线)，是易燃的塑料制品，发生火灾时，不但会助长火势外，且会产生浓烟及有害气体，从而成为阻碍人员逃离火灾现场的主因。
为解决此问题，建物的塑料流水线的外部，应该覆盖或包覆上防火材料，发生火灾时，除了能够抑制火焰迅速蔓延外，并且可以减少浓烟及有害气体的产生，进而使得人员有足够的时间扑灭火源或逃离火场。但是，现有技术中的防火材料，有单层结构防火包覆材料或多层结构防火包覆材料，其使用用途却不适合用于覆盖或包覆建物的塑料流水线。
例如，现有技术中的单层结构防火包覆材料，是使用耐燃纤维制成，有聚丙烯腈(PAN)氧化纤维、陶瓷纤维或水溶性碱土纤维等耐燃纤维制品。这些耐燃纤维为短纤维，虽具优异防火机能，但机械强度较一般长纤维差，导致这些耐燃纤维制品在运送或施工过程中有易破碎及易损伤等问题。尤其是，为了防止制品碎裂及损伤，这些耐燃纤维制品的外部，需要再使用铝箔贴合或铝板外封，以至于这些耐燃纤维制品的柔柔性及可弯折性不佳，此结果造成其使用用途不适合用于覆盖或包覆建物的塑料流水线。
例如，现有技术中的多层结构防火包覆材料，有中国实用新型专利(CN202982995U)公开的具三层叠层结构的光缆、电缆用防火毯，其叠层结构中，使用无机纤维针刺毯为中间隔热层，而中间隔热层的上下两侧，则使用无机纤维织物制成的装饰层。但是，这种防火毯的防火用途，只适用于包覆光缆、电缆，却不适合用于覆盖或包覆建物的塑料流水线。
现有技术中，除了上述防火包覆材料外，还有防火效果极佳但售价极高的吸热型及膨胀型防火包覆材，其外部也使用铝箔完全包覆，同样有柔柔性及可弯折性不佳的问题，其使用用途仍然不适合用于覆盖或包覆建物的塑料流水线。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一種塑料流水线的防火包覆材，塑料流水线的防火包覆材具覆盖或包覆一塑料流水线的防火用途，塑料流水线的防火包覆材的断面结构以针轧或热压合构成呈一体化结构的双层或三层以上的叠层结构，断面结构的其中一层叠层结构，以厚度介于0.2～250毫米的防火纤维织造毯构成，且防火纤维织造毯的上侧或下侧、或其上侧及下侧两侧，以厚度介于0.015～0.5毫米的防火补强层构成；其中，防火纤维织造毯选自聚丙烯腈氧化纤维织造毯、陶瓷纤维织造毯和水溶性碱土纤维织造毯中的一种，且防火补强层选自玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布和硅橡胶中的一种。
更进一步地，防火纤维织造毯的厚度，介于2～20毫米。
更进一步地，防火补强层的厚度，介于0.1～0.3毫米。
更进一步地，防火补强层为经纬密度介于55×53～10×10的玻璃纤维布或碳纤维布。
更进一步地，防火补强层为经纬密度介于20×18～17×17的玻璃纤维布或碳纤维布。
更进一步地，防火纤维织造毯的远离防火补强层的一侧，叠合一耐燃双面胶带。
为使能更进一步了解本发明的特征及技术内容，请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图，然而所提供的附图仅用于提供参考与说明，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
图1为本发明的塑料流水线的防火包覆材呈一体化的双层叠层结构的侧视剖面示意图。
图2为本发明的塑料流水线的防火包覆材呈一体化的三层叠层结构的侧视剖面示意图。
图3为本发明的塑料流水线的防火包覆材呈一体化的五层叠层结构的侧视剖面示意图。
图4为本发明的塑料流水线的防火包覆材可以贴合一耐燃双面胶带的侧视剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
以下是通过特定的具体实例。如图1至图3所示，本发明的防火包覆材10，其断面结构呈多层复合结构，具备双层或三层以上的叠层纤维织物制品。尤其是，其多层复合结构中的相邻不同叠层结构之间，是以现有技术中的针轧(needle punch)或热压合(或称热熔黏合(thermal bond))手段构成呈一体化结构的多层复合结构。
本发明的防火包覆材10，使用针轧手段构成呈一体化结构时，可以利用选择针轧机的轧针粗细、针轧次数及针轧深度来调整叠层纤维织物间的机械强度和软硬度。
本发明的防火包覆材10，使用热压合手段构成呈一体化结构时，是对相邻的叠层纤维织物间利用高温将硅橡胶(Silicone Rubber)渗入预定的深度来调整叠层纤维织物间的机械强度和软硬度。
如图1所示，本发明的防火包覆材10，其断面结构呈双层叠层结构时，是由一防火纤维织造毯11及一防火补强层12叠合构成。更具体而言，是使用针轧或热压合手段，将防火补强层12叠合在防火纤维织造毯11的上侧或下侧，从而构成呈一体化结构且兼具优异机械强度和软硬度的双层叠层结构。
如图2所示，本发明的防火包覆材10，其断面结构呈三层叠层结构时，是由一防火纤维织造毯11及二防火补强层12叠合构成。更具体而言，是使用针轧或热压合手段，将防火补强层12分别叠合在防火纤维织造毯11的上侧及下侧，从而构成呈一体化结构且兼具优异机械强度和软硬度的三层叠层结构。
如图3所示，本发明的防火包覆材10，其断面结构呈五层叠层结构时，是由二防火纤维织造毯11及三防火补强层12叠合构成，且是使用针轧或热压合手段将防火纤维织造毯11叠置在及二片防火补强层12的中间，从而构成呈一体化结构且兼具优异机械强度和软硬度的五层叠层结构。
本发明的防火包覆材10，具覆盖或包覆塑料流水线及防火用途，其中，防火纤维织造毯11的厚度，介于0.2～250mm，优选为介于2～20mm，且选自PAN氧化纤维织造毯、陶瓷纤维织造毯或水溶性碱土纤维织造毯中的一种，具备极佳的耐燃及绝热性能。
而防火补强层12的厚度，介于0.015～0.5mm，优选为介于0.1～0.3mm，且选自玻璃纤维布或碳纤维布中的一种，具备极佳的耐燃性及可曲折性。当使用针轧手段将防火补强层12与防火纤维织造毯11构成呈一体化结构时，防火补强层12的厚度太薄，会容易形成破孔，而厚度太厚，则针轧机的轧针则磨损过快，造成针轧质量不易控制。
所述玻璃纤维布或碳纤维布的经纬密度(即，布面每单位长度内所含纱线根数，以“wpi×fpi”表示)，介于55×53～10×10，优选为介于20×18～17×17，其中，“wpi(warpsper inch)”是指布面在横向的每1英英寸的经纱根数；“fpi(fillings per inch)”是指布面在纵向的每1英英寸的纬纱根数。
所述防火补强层12的经纬密度愈高，机械强度也愈高，当使用针轧手段将防火补强层12与防火纤维织造毯11构成呈一体化结构时，也就愈容易形成破孔，结果导致玻璃纤维或碳纤维断裂、脱落，使得成品的机械强度反而下降。
本发明的防火包覆材10，其叠层结构中的防火补强层12，可以选择使用硅橡胶(Silicone Rubber)取代，利用高温将硅橡胶涂覆到防火纤维织造毯11的表面，从而构成防火纤维织造毯11的防火表层。
本发明的防火包覆材10，除具备隔热及防火特性外，还兼具柔软、可曲折、重量轻及高强度的特性，使用用途适合用于覆盖或包覆建物的塑料流水线，着火时，能够抑制或延迟火焰烧到建物的塑料流水线，有助于减少浓烟及有害气体的产生。
如图4所示，为了方便进行后续包覆塑料流水线的施工，本发明的防火包覆材10，可以贴合一耐燃双面胶带13。
以下举实施例及比较例制得的防火包覆材样品，按照下列测试方法评估防火包覆材的物性。
[撕裂强度(kg)测试]：
从样品的纵向及横向各裁切下一片相同大小(长200mm及宽76mm)的试片。从试片宽度中心沿着长度方向切开约50mm开口。将试片切开的两端夹于拉力试验机上，以200mm/min速度向下拉至断裂后，记录最高数据。
[拉力强度(kg/3cm)测试]：
从样品的纵向及横向各裁切下一片相同大小(长150mm及宽30mm)的试片。调整拉力试验机的上下夹具距离为100±2mm，将试片以夹具夹紧，以200mm±20mm/min速度向下拉至断裂后，记录最高数据。
[伸长率(％)测试]：
试片经过拉力测试断裂后，测量原标记100mm被拉长后的距离，依下列公式计算伸长率。
伸长率(％)＝((断裂延伸距离-原标记(100mm))/原标记(100mm))×100。
[涨破强度(kg/cm2)测试]：
(1)试片：试片长100±2mm，宽100±2mm。
(2)夹持压力管制于6±1kg/cm2。
(3)测试方式：
a.将试片置于涨破试验机的测试座上，正面向上，确认压力表红色指针于零的位置。
b.压下加压杆，使压座压紧试片，待橡胶膜片涨破试片为止，立即将压杆拨至退压位置，压座即会上升，橡胶膜退压，读取压力表红色指针位置数据并记录。
[耐燃性测试]：
按照ASTM E 1354规范使用锥形量热仪测试材料承受不同加热时间后的燃烧热释放率。在50kW(千瓦)/㎡的加热条件下，对测试材料分别加热20分钟、10分钟及5分钟，视测试材料满足下列规范标准1～3的加热条件决定其耐热等级：
1.材料总热释放量为8MJ(兆焦耳)/㎡以下；
2.最大热释放率超过200kW/㎡的时间，没有持续10秒以上；
3.测试材料背面没有出现龟裂及孔穴。
测试材料的耐热等级，分为下列三个等级：
A.耐热1级，是指测试材料经过加热20分钟后能够满足上述规范标准1～3；
B.耐热2级，是指测试材料经过加热10分钟后能够满足上述规范标准1～3；
C.耐热3级，是指测试材料经过加热5分钟后能够满足上述规范标准1～3。
[实施例1]
如图1所示，使用针轧手段制得呈双层叠层结构的防火包覆材，其叠层结构包含厚度2mm的PAN氧化纤维织造毯及厚度0.2mm的平织玻璃纤维布，其中，平织玻璃纤维布的经纬密度为17×17。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[实施例2]
如图1所示，使用针轧手段制得呈双层叠层结构的防火包覆材，其叠层结构包含厚度2mm的陶瓷纤维织造毯及厚度0.1mm的平织碳纤维布，其中，平织碳纤维布的经纬密度为12.5×12.5。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[实施例3]
使用硅橡胶构成防火纤维织造毯的防火表层。如图3所示，使用热压合手段制得呈五层叠层结构的防火包覆材，其叠层结构中包含二片厚度2mm的水溶性碱土纤维织造毯，且每片水溶性碱土纤维织造毯的表面为厚度0.1mm的硅橡胶防火表层。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[实施例4]
取实施例1制得的防火包覆材为样品，并在PAN氧化纤维织造毯的下侧贴合一耐燃双面胶带。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[比较例1]
取厚度2mm的PAN氧化纤维织造毯为单层结构防火包覆材料，不再复合防火补强层。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[比较例2]
取市售厚度6mm的陶瓷纤维毯为单层结构防火包覆材料，不再复合防火补强层。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[比较例3]
如图1所示，使用针轧手段制得呈双层叠层结构的防火包覆材，其叠层结构包含厚度2mm的PAN氧化纤维织造毯及厚度0.03mm的平织玻璃纤维布，其中，平织玻璃纤维布的经纬密度为56×56。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[比较例4]
如图1所示，使用针轧手段制得呈双层叠层结构的防火包覆材，其叠层结构包含厚度2mm的陶瓷纤维织造毯及厚度0.5mm的平织碳纤维布，其中，平织碳纤维布的经纬密度为6.25×6.25。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
[比较例5]
有别于实施例1采用针轧手段，改为使用耐火纤维线以缝制手段制得呈双层叠层结构的防火包覆材，其叠层结构包含厚度2mm的PAN氧化纤维织造毯及厚度0.2mm的平织玻璃纤维布，其中，平织玻璃纤维布的经纬密度为17×17。
进行各项物性评估，结果如表1所示。
表1：成分组成及其物性
Figure BDA0002053195860000071
Figure BDA0002053195860000081
[结果]
1.实施例1的防火包覆材，使用针轧手段制得呈双层叠层结构防火包覆材，除PAN氧化纤维织造毯外，还包括使用经纬密度为17×17的平织玻璃纤维布，与比较例1只使用PAN氧化纤维织造毯的单层叠层结构防火包覆材相较，或与比较例2只使用陶瓷纤维织造毯的单层叠层结构防火包覆材相较，在撕裂强度、拉力强度及涨破强度等机械强度方面，均获得有效提高，尤其是，实施例1的防火包覆材的手感极佳，具有柔软、可曲折、重量轻及高强度等特性，适合用于覆盖或包覆塑料流水线，且耐燃等级为耐燃1级，也具备火灾时降低火势蔓延的防火用途。
2.实施例1的防火包覆材，使用针轧手段制得呈双层叠层结构防火包覆材，相对于比较例5的防火包覆材则使用缝制手段制得，在撕裂强度、拉力强度及涨破强度等机械强度方面，均获得有效提高，且耐燃等级为耐燃1级，具备火灾时降低火势蔓延的防火用途。相对地，比较例5的防火包覆材即使用于覆盖或包覆塑料流水线，火灾时，也不能有效降低火势蔓延。
3.实施例2的防火包覆材，使用针轧手段制得呈三层叠层结构防火包覆材，除陶瓷纤维织造毯外，还包括使用经纬密度为12.5×12.5的碳纤维布，相对于比较例4的防火包覆材使用经纬密度为6.25×6.25的碳纤维布制得呈三层叠层结构，此结果，在手感、撕裂强度、拉力强度及涨破强度等机械强度方面，实施例2的防火包覆材均获得有效提高，也说明碳纤维布的经纬密度不得低于10×10。
4.比较例3的防火包覆材，相对于实施例1使用针轧手段制得呈二层叠层结构防火包覆材，其玻璃纤维布的经纬密度为56×56，结果其耐燃等级仅为耐燃2级，此说明玻璃纤维布的经纬密度不得高于55×53。
5.实施例3的防火包覆材，使用热压合手段制得五三层叠层结构防火包覆材，除水溶性碱土纤维织造毯外，还包括水溶性碱土纤维织造毯的表面使用硅橡胶为防火表层，具备优异的撕裂强度、拉力强度及涨破强度，耐燃等级为耐燃1级，适合用于覆盖或包覆塑料流水线，具备火灾时降低火势蔓延的防火用途。
6.实施例4的防火包覆材，使用实施例1的防火包覆材再贴合一耐燃双面胶带，其撕裂强度、拉力强度及涨破强度等物性，相较于实施例1的防火包覆材再微幅提升，不但方便进行后续包覆塑料流水线的施工，且耐燃等级为耐燃1级，适合用于覆盖或包覆塑料流水线，也具备火灾时降低火势蔓延的防火用途。
以上所公开的内容仅为本发明的优选可行实施例，并非因此局限本发明的权利要求书的保护范围，所以凡是运用本发明说明书及附图内容所做的等效技术变化，均包含于本发明的权利要求书的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种塑料流水线的防火包覆材，其特征在于，所述塑料流水线的防火包覆材具覆盖或包覆一塑料流水线的防火用途，所述塑料流水线的防火包覆材的断面结构以针轧或热压合构成呈一体化结构的双层或三层以上的叠层结构，所述断面结构的其中一层叠层结构，以厚度介于0.2～250毫米的防火纤维织造毯构成，且所述防火纤维织造毯的上侧或下侧、或其上侧及下侧两侧，以厚度介于0.015～0.5毫米的防火补强层构成；其中，所述防火纤维织造毯选自聚丙烯腈氧化纤维织造毯、陶瓷纤维织造毯和水溶性碱土纤维织造毯中的一种，且所述防火补强层选自玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布和硅橡胶中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料流水线的防火包覆材，其特征在于，所述防火纤维织造毯的厚度，介于2～20毫米。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的塑料流水线的防火包覆材，其特征在于，所述防火补强层的厚度，介于0.1～0.3毫米。
4.根据权利要求3所述的塑料流水线的防火包覆材，其特征在于，所述防火补强层为经纬密度介于55×53～10×10的玻璃纤维布或碳纤维布。
5.根据权利要求3所述的塑料流水线的防火包覆材，其特征在于，所述防火补强层为经纬密度介于20×18～17×17的玻璃纤维布或碳纤维布。
6.根据权利要求3所述的塑料流水线的防火包覆材，其特征在于，所述防火纤维织造毯的远离所述防火补强层的一侧，叠合一耐燃双面胶带。
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