CN110810090B - 一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法 - Google Patents
一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，属于植物白粉病防治领域。所述防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，包括以下步骤:(1)在第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂清园；(2)在第2茬果展叶时，喷施生物制剂；(3)在第2茬果花前和花后，依次喷施烯酰吡唑酯、矿物油乳油、氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白的复配剂、苯甲嘧菌酯、生物制剂，适时采用助剂烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂。本发明方法采用生物制剂与有机制剂结合方式进行白粉病的防控，降低了白粉病的染病几率，最大限度地减少了具有较大农药残留风险的有机化学农药的使用，达到了食品安全国家标准的要求。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及植物白粉病防治领域，具体涉及一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法。
【背景技术】
葡萄白粉病可为害葡萄叶、果、蔓等，其幼嫩组织最易感染，病原菌为Uncinulanecator(Schw.)Burr.，属子囊菌亚门，其分生孢子借风力传播到寄主表面。白粉病病原菌分生孢子可因吸水破裂致其不能萌发。因此，多雨不利于白粉病菌分生孢子的萌发和菌丝生长。避雨栽培是广西葡萄产区的主要栽培方式，避雨栽培模式减少了抑制白粉病流行的因素，人为地改变了果园生态条件—高湿但叶面干燥、弱光照，加之常年温暖的气候和较高的湿度，有利于白粉病的暴发流行。广西葡萄白粉病的发病高峰期是每年5-6月和11-12月上旬，这恰好与两熟葡萄的果实发育期重合，若防控不力，极易带来严重损失，且广西下半年天气较上半年更为干燥，少雨、高温天气少，更利于白粉病的爆发，使得冬果生长期白粉病情更为严重。‘桂葡6号’是经驯化筛选出的丰产、抗病性好的酿造葡萄品种，源于广西地区收集的野生资源，2015年经审定后命名。在南宁地区避雨栽培条件下，‘桂葡6号’第1茬果萌芽期3月上旬至中旬，开花期4月上旬，果实成熟期7月上、中旬，从萌芽至浆果成熟120d左右；第2茬果萌芽期9月上旬，开花期10月上旬，果实成熟期12月下旬，从萌芽至浆果成熟120d左右，属中、晚熟品种。该品种抗葡萄黑痘病、霜霉病和白粉病的能力较强，花芽分化优良，丰产性能强。在南方地区，棚、篱架栽培均可，露地和避雨栽培均可，但避雨栽培效果更好。是广西当地颇具潜力的酿酒品种。近年来，‘桂葡6号’种苗在广西地区陆续得到推广。今后将在广西葡萄及葡萄酒产业布局中占据重要地位，是实现当地农民脱贫致富、推动地区经济发展的重要农业资源。
长期以来，化学防治是控制葡萄白粉病的主要措施。人们最早使用硫防治白粉病，这一有效方法至今仍被延用。目前，在我国登记的能在有效期内防治葡萄白粉病的农药有63个，主要为百菌清、己唑醇、肟菌酯等有机合成农药。化学防控效果好，但是会造成农药残留，破坏生态环境，不符合当前人们对健康食品的追求理念。常见的生物菌剂，由于其研发周期长、价格高、效果慢和易受环境因素影响，限制了生物菌剂的推广使用。因此，低毒、高效、选择性高、农药残留量低于国家标准的防控方法成为当前防治葡萄白粉病的首选。
【发明内容】
本发明的发明目的在于：针对上述存在的问题，提供一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，所述方法采用生物制剂与有机制剂结合方式进行白粉病的防控，降低了白粉病的染病几率，最大限度地减少了具有较大农药残留风险的有机化学农药的使用，达到了食品安全国家标准的要求。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，所述‘桂葡6号’葡萄第1茬果萌芽期在3月上旬至中旬，开花期在4月上旬，果实成熟期在7月上旬至中旬；第2茬果萌芽期在9月上旬，开花期在10月上旬，果实成熟期在12月下旬，包括以下步骤:
(1)在第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂清园；
(2)在第2茬果展叶时，喷施生物制剂；
(3)在第2茬果花前和花后，依次喷施烯酰吡唑酯、生物制剂、矿物油乳油、氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂、苯甲嘧菌酯、生物制剂。
进一步地，所述步骤(3)还包括，适时采用助剂烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂。
进一步地，所述生物制剂为解淀粉芽孢杆菌和/枯草芽孢杆菌。
进一步地，所述氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂中，氨基寡糖素的质量分数为3％，链格孢蛋白的质量分数为3％。
进一步地，所述烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂中，有效成分的质量分数为50％。
进一步地，所述苯甲嘧菌酯中，苯醚甲环唑的质量分数为12.5％，嘧菌酯的质量分数为20％。
进一步地，所述烯酰吡唑酯中，烯酰吗啉的质量分数为17.5％，吡唑醚菌酯的质量分数为9.5％。
进一步地，步骤(1)中，第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂100倍；
进一步地，步骤(2)中，在第2茬果展叶时，喷施所述生物制剂，用量为100g/亩；
进一步地，步骤(3)中，所述依次喷施为：先喷施烯酰吡唑酯2000倍；隔4-7天，喷施生物制剂；隔10-15天，喷施97％矿物油乳油200倍；接着喷施氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂，氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂用量为90g/亩；隔10-15天后，喷施烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂6000倍、苯甲嘧菌酯2000倍；隔5-7天后，喷施生物制剂，用量为60g/亩；隔5-7天后，喷施生物制剂，用量为180g/亩；隔5-7天后，再喷施生物制剂，用量为90g/亩。
本发明方案所述石硫合剂、烯酰吡唑酯、97％矿物油乳油、解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌、氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂、苯甲嘧菌酯及烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂均为市售商品。
石硫合剂的示例商品：
商品名：基符，生产商：河北双吉化工有限公司；
烯酰吡唑酯的示例商品：
商品名：阿迪丽，生产商：江西欧美生物科技有限公司；
氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂的示例商品：
商品名：阿泰灵，生产商：河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司；
苯甲嘧菌酯的示例商品：
商品名：立占，生产商：菏泽龙歌植保技术有限公司。
97％矿物油乳油的示例商品：
商品名：希翠，生产商：法国道达尔流体公司。
解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌的示例商品：
商品名：绿农林31号，生产商：海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司。
烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂的示例商品：
商品名：农泰加倍强，生产商：天门斯普林植物保护有限公司。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
解淀粉芽孢杆菌为生物制剂，氨基寡糖素在环境中易于降解，完全不会对环境造成污染，兼有药效和肥效双重生物调节功能的特点，可诱导激活植物免疫系统，提高植物抗病毒能力，具有杀虫、杀菌和杀原生生物活性。链格孢蛋白含有激发子组分。矿物油(喷淋油)可作用于植物生长期，能够防止孢子的萌发和感染，具有毒性低、无抗性、防治广谱、环境友好的特点。苯甲嘧菌酯是由苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯混配而成，剂型先进，易吸收，对作物安全性高，有很好的渗透性及局部内吸活性，持效期长，高效、广谱且低毒环保。烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂是非黏油，无黏性，非油性的乳化剂，可使药液完全乳化，并有超强的粘着性和湿润功能，抗雨水冲刷，无水滴形成，消除药斑，消除要害降低残留。石硫合剂是由生石灰、硫磺加水熬制而成的一种用于农业上的杀菌剂。烯酰吡唑酯是由呲唑醚菌酯与烯酰吗啉混配而成的杀菌剂，吡唑醚菌酯是甲氧基丙烯酸酯类的杀菌剂，是线粒体呼吸抑制剂具有渗透性及局部内吸活性，持效期长，耐雨水冲刷、具有保护、治疗、叶片渗透传导作用；烯酰吗啉是专一杀卵菌纲真菌杀菌剂，其作用特点是破坏细胞壁膜的形成，对卵菌生活史的各个阶段都有作用，在孢子囊梗和卵孢子的形成阶段尤为敏感。
本发明采用生物制剂与有机制剂结合方式对‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病进行防控，降低了染病几率，最大限度地减少了具有较大农药残留风险的有机化学农药的使用，达到了食品安全国家标准的要求。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，所述‘桂葡6号’葡萄第1茬果萌芽期在3月上旬至中旬，开花期在4月上旬，果实成熟期在7月上旬至中旬；第2茬果萌芽期在9月上旬，开花期在10月上旬，果实成熟期在12月下旬，包括以下步骤:
(1)在第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂100倍；
(2)在第2茬果展叶时，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为100g/亩；
(3)在第2茬果花前和花后，先喷施烯酰吡唑酯2000倍；隔5天，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌；隔12天，喷施97％矿物油乳油200倍，接着喷施氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂，氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂用量为90g/亩；隔12天后，喷施烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂6000倍、苯甲嘧菌酯2000倍；隔7天后，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为60g/亩；隔6天后，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为180g/亩；隔7天后，再喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为90g/亩。
实施例2
一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，所述‘桂葡6号’葡萄第1茬果萌芽期在3月上旬至中旬，开花期在4月上旬，果实成熟期在7月上旬至中旬；第2茬果萌芽期在9月上旬，开花期在10月上旬，果实成熟期在12月下旬，包括以下步骤:
(1)在第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂100倍；
(2)在第2茬果展叶时，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为100g/亩；
(3)在第2茬果花前和花后，先喷施烯酰吡唑酯2000倍；隔4天，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌；隔15天，喷施97％矿物油乳油200倍，接着喷施氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白的复配剂，氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂用量为90g/亩；隔10天后，喷施烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂6000倍、苯甲嘧菌酯2000倍；隔5天后，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为60g/亩；隔7天后，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为180g/亩；隔7天后，再喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为90g/亩。
实施例3
一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，所述‘桂葡6号’葡萄第1茬果萌芽期在3月上旬至中旬，开花期在4月上旬，果实成熟期在7月上旬至中旬；第2茬果萌芽期在9月上旬，开花期在10月上旬，果实成熟期在12月下旬，包括以下步骤:
(1)在第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂100倍；
(2)在第2茬果展叶时，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为100g/亩；
(3)在第2茬果花前和花后，先喷施烯酰吡唑酯2000倍；隔7天，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌；隔10天，喷施97％矿物油乳油200倍，接着喷施氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂，氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂用量为90g/亩；隔12天后，喷施烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂6000倍、苯甲嘧菌酯2000倍；隔7天后，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为60g/亩；隔6天后，喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为180g/亩；隔7天后，再喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌，用量为90g/亩。
上述实施例1-3中，
所述氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂中，氨基寡糖素的质量分数为3％，链格孢蛋白的质量分数为3％。
所述苯甲嘧菌酯中，苯醚甲环唑的质量分数为12.5％，嘧菌酯的质量分数为20％。
所述烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂中，有效成分的质量分数为50％。
所述烯酰吡唑酯中，烯酰吗啉的质量分数为17.5％，吡唑醚菌酯的质量分数为9.5％。
为了说明本发明的技术效果，发明人设置了如下对照试验：
1、试验地点：广西壮族自治区南宁市广西农业科学院明阳双季葡萄示范园(22°36'35”N，108°14'27”E)
2、试验品种：‘桂葡6号’
3、试验方法：
试验组：8月18日，喷施石硫合剂100倍；9月20日，解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌(用量100g/亩)；9月25日，烯酰吡唑酯2000倍；9月29日，解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌(用量100g/亩)；10月12日，97％矿物油乳油200倍，氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂(含量6％，用量90g/亩)；10月24日，烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂6000倍，苯甲嘧菌酯2000倍；10月31日，解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌(用量60g/亩)；11月6日，解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌(用量180g/亩)；11月13日，解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌(用量90g/亩)。
对照组:8月13日，喷施石硫合剂100倍；9月25日，烯酰吡唑酯2000倍；10月17日，苯甲嘧菌酯2000倍。
在避雨栽培条件下采取田间鉴定的方法，于葡萄白粉病发病盛期对植株进行随机抽样:至少调查不少于3株树的100枚叶片，计算葡萄叶片的发病率。
发病率(％)＝(病叶数/调查总叶数)×100％。
根据葡萄叶片白粉病病斑面积占整个叶片总面积的百分率，将发病级别分为5个等级:0级，叶片无病斑；1级，病斑面积≤25.00％；2级，25.00％＜病斑面积≤50.00％；3级，50.00％＜病斑面积≤75.00％；4级，病斑面积＞75.00％。根据统计结果计算出病情指数。
病情指数(％)＝[∑(病级值×该级发病叶数)/(调查总叶数×4)]×100％。
4、试验结果：
对照组11月的发病率为67.31％，病情指数为16.83％；试验组11月同期的发病率为6.54％，病情指数仅为1.64％。将试验组的葡萄样品按照《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB2763-2016)新标准进行农药残留检测，结果表明试验组样品嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、烯酰吗啉、吡唑醚菌酯的残留量均未超出国标(见表1)。
表1.试验组和对照组葡萄样品检测结果
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种防控两收栽培‘桂葡6号’冬果葡萄白粉病的方法，所述‘桂葡6号’葡萄第1茬果萌芽期在3月上旬至中旬，开花期在4月上旬，果实成熟期在7月上旬至中旬；第2茬果萌芽期在9月上旬，开花期在10月上旬，果实成熟期在12月下旬，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)在第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂清园；
(2)在第2茬果展叶时，喷施生物制剂；
(3)在第2茬果花前和花后，依次喷施烯酰吡唑酯、生物制剂、矿物油乳油、氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂、苯甲嘧菌酯、生物制剂；
步骤(3)中，所述依次喷施为：先喷施烯酰吡唑酯2000倍；隔4-7天，喷施生物制剂；隔10-15天，喷施97％矿物油乳油200倍，接着喷施氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂，氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂用量为90g/亩；隔10-15天后，喷施烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂6000倍、苯甲嘧菌酯2000倍；隔5-7天后，喷施生物制剂，用量为60g/亩；隔5-7天后，喷施生物制剂，用量为180g/亩；隔5-7天后，再喷施生物制剂，用量为90g/亩；
所述生物制剂为解淀粉芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌；
所述氨基寡糖素和链格孢蛋白复配剂中，氨基寡糖素的质量分数为3％，链格孢蛋白的质量分数为3％；
所述烷基芳基聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀辛酯磺酸钠复配剂中，有效成分的质量分数为50％；
所述苯甲嘧菌酯中，苯醚甲环唑的质量分数为12.5％，嘧菌酯的质量分数为20％；
所述烯酰吡唑酯中，烯酰吗啉的质量分数为17.5％，吡唑醚菌酯的质量分数为9.5％；
步骤(1)中，在第2茬果萌芽前，喷施石硫合剂100倍；
步骤(2)中，喷施所述生物制剂，用量为100g/亩。
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