CN113940221A - 一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法 - Google Patents

一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法 Download PDF

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CN113940221A
CN113940221A CN202111290944.3A CN202111290944A CN113940221A CN 113940221 A CN113940221 A CN 113940221A CN 202111290944 A CN202111290944 A CN 202111290944A CN 113940221 A CN113940221 A CN 113940221A
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曹森
王瑞
瞿光凡
马超
吉宁
巴良杰
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Guiyang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,包括秋后清园、春季萌芽期使用合理的农药进行预防,在末花期喷施使用诱抗剂+杀菌剂;幼果膨大期,使用诱抗剂+杀菌剂通过浸果方式处理幼果;二次膨大期喷施诱抗剂+杀菌剂。本发明使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂有效抑制蒂腐病致病菌的对猕猴桃的侵染,显著提高猕猴桃果实的抗病性,高效降低猕猴桃蒂腐病的发生,提高了猕猴桃的商品果率,并且安全性好,避免了由于化学农药的使用导致病原菌产生抗药性,使病害更难于防治等问题。

Description

一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法
技术领域
本发明属于果蔬病害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法。
背景技术
我国作为猕猴桃第一生产大国,从2006年至今,猕猴桃栽培面积和年产量一直稳居世界第一,而随着猕猴桃产业的快速发展,种植规模和产量不断提高,不同地区猕猴桃患病的报道也越来越多,这些都制约着猕猴桃产业的高质量发展。
目前猕猴桃真菌性病害主要有褐斑病[1]、软腐病[2]、黑斑病[3]和炭疽病[4]等,而近年来猕猴桃蒂腐病也逐渐出现在各个猕猴桃产区。蒂腐病发病症状主要为果肉由果蒂处向下腐烂,蔓延全果,略有透明感,有酒味。发病初期,在果实外部看不到或只有少量病原物,但经过一段时间后,在病部的果皮上就会长出一层不均匀的灰白色霉状物。前期研究表明,猕猴桃蒂腐病的致病菌主要为镰刀菌属、粉红聚端孢,侵染途径主要为果实开花期花期、幼果期、果实膨大期,尤其在猕猴桃多雨产区危害尤为严重,如贵州产区猕猴桃开花期与采收期往往降雨量较多。而在贮藏期猕猴桃蒂腐病往往会出现,导致果实的商品率显著降低,造成经济损失。因此,亟需探究猕猴桃蒂腐病综合防治技术。
植物诱抗剂能诱导植物免疫系统启动从而使植物获得或提高对病原菌的抗性。由于植物免疫诱抗剂没有直接的杀菌活性,病菌不易对其产生抗药性,防治谱广,也可与杀菌剂混用,达到增效的目的[5]。目前,有机酸类、无机化合物类、寡糖类和蛋白多肽类等植物诱抗剂,在植物生产实践中均有较好地应用效果[6]
植物源杀菌剂是一类利用一些植物含有的某些抗菌物质或诱导产生的植物防卫素,杀死或抑制病原菌的生长,具有高效、低毒或无毒、易降解、选择性高、不产生抗药性等优点。近年来,植物源杀菌剂作为“环境和谐农药”、“生物合理性农药”的一个重要组成部分,国内外学者对植物源抑菌、杀菌有效成分进行了大量的研究报道,均表现较好地杀菌效果[7-8]
目前未见过利用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂的猕猴桃蒂腐病综合防控的方法。而在猕猴桃其他病害防控技术中存在的缺陷:(1)猕猴桃致病菌在果园具有长时间潜伏性;(2)猕猴桃软腐病致病菌可通过风、雨和虫媒传播;(3)长期、大量使用化学农药使大量病原菌产生抗药性,使病害更难于防治,严重制约了农业可持续发展的问题。
中国专利申请号2018108086742公开了《一种预防猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法》,它包括:1)农业防治:多施农家肥料,限制挂果量;2)化学防治:及时摘除病花集中烧毁,开花后期和采收前各喷一次杀菌剂,采前用药应尽量使药液着于果蒂处;3)组合防治:彻底防治害虫,修枝剪消毒;保持生长与结果平衡,培养健壮树体;加强地下管理。其方法和时间节点与本发明有本质区别。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂综合防治猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,在猕猴桃末花期、幼果膨大期、二次膨大期通过使用诱抗剂+杀菌剂,使果实自身对病原菌产生抗性,抵御蒂腐病病菌的侵染,预防和减少蒂腐病的发生,提高了猕猴桃的商品果率。
本发明技术方案集成:(1)植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂;(2)使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂在末花期、幼果膨大期、二次膨大期提高果实抗病性,预防和抑制蒂腐病的病源菌侵染。
一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)秋后清园时,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂;
(2)春季萌芽期,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂;
(3)末花期喷施使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,地面和主干喷施植物源杀菌剂;两蔓喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂;
(4)幼果膨大期,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂,通过浸果方式使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂处理幼果;
(5)二次膨大期,使用喷施方式,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂,两蔓喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂处理果实。
所述步骤(1)、(2)的植物源杀菌剂为小檗碱、厚朴酚和香芹酚的一种或多种;
所述步骤(1)、(2)的植物源杀菌剂,小檗碱浓度为100-1000倍、厚朴酚浓度为100-1000倍、香芹酚浓度为100-1000倍。
所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)植物诱抗剂为氨基寡糖素、寡糖链蛋白、水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯中的一种或多种;所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)的植物源杀菌剂为丁子香酚、梧宁霉素、多抗霉素、蛇床子素、宁南霉素,井冈霉素、多抗霉素中的一种或多种;
所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)的植物诱抗剂,氨基寡糖素浓度为50-500倍、寡糖链蛋白浓度为50-500倍、水杨酸浓度为2000-3000倍、茉莉酸甲酯浓度为2000-3000倍;
所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)的植物源杀菌剂,丁子香酚浓度为500-3000倍、梧宁霉素浓度为500-3000倍、多抗霉素浓度为500-3000倍、蛇床子素浓度为500-3000倍、宁南霉素浓度为500-3000倍,井冈霉素浓度为500-3000倍、多抗霉素浓度为500-3000倍。
本发明具有以下特点:
(1)针对猕猴桃蒂腐病,主要利用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,显著提高猕猴桃果实的抗病性;
(2)使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂在末花期、幼果膨大期、二次膨大期提高果实抗病性,预防和抑制蒂腐病的病源菌侵染,保证果实的商品率;
(3)植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂安全性好,尤其在猕猴桃多雨产区防控效果更好。避免了由于化学农药的使用导致病原菌产生抗药性,使病害更难于防治等问题。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1:“贵长”猕猴桃,于2018年在修文县久长镇猕猴桃基地实施。
(1)秋后清园时,全园喷施100倍2.6%小檗碱、100倍2.0%厚朴酚和100倍0.5%香芹酚;
(2)春季萌芽期,全园喷施1000倍2.6%小檗碱、1000倍2.0%厚朴酚和1000倍0.5%香芹酚;
(3)末花期喷施使用,地面和主干喷施500倍8%宁南霉素,2000倍20%井冈霉素、3000倍15%多抗霉素;两蔓喷施500倍5%氨基寡糖素、50倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合2000倍20%丁子香酚、1000倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1000倍3%多抗霉素、2000倍1%蛇床子素;
(4)幼果膨大期,全园喷施2000倍8%宁南霉素,500倍20%井冈霉素、500倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1000倍3%多抗霉素,通过浸果方式使用500倍5%氨基寡糖素、500倍6%寡糖链蛋白、3000倍99%水杨酸、3000倍99%茉莉酸甲酯结合3000倍20%丁子香酚、3000倍3%多抗霉素、3000倍1%蛇床子素处理幼果;
(5)二次膨大期,全园喷施1000倍0.3%梧宁霉素、2000倍3%多抗霉素,两蔓喷施500倍5%氨基寡糖素、500倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合2000倍20%丁子香酚、2000倍0.3%梧宁霉素、2000倍3%多抗霉素、2000倍1%蛇床子素。
实验过程中,同时设置不喷施农药组、喷施相同农药不加诱抗剂组、喷施相同农药(诱抗剂)组(20株),花后150天每株采摘20个果实,果实置于温度为20±2℃,相对湿度85~95%层析冷柜中摆放。货架期30天后猕猴桃蒂腐病发病率指标结果见表1:
表1蒂腐病发病率情况(n=100)
Figure BDA0003334790090000031
Figure BDA0003334790090000041
由表1中数据可见,关键点喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,并通过杀菌剂和诱抗剂喷施,对比对照组无农药处理相比,其他两组实施均能显著降低猕猴桃蒂腐病的发病率。在喷施农药相同情况下,在三个关键节点加入诱抗剂,也能比喷施农药组明显降低蒂腐病的发病率。
实施例2:“红阳”猕猴桃,于2018年在水城县米箩镇猕猴桃基地实施。
(1)秋后清园时,全园喷施1000倍2.6%小檗碱、1000倍2.0%厚朴酚和1000倍0.5%香芹酚;
(2)春季萌芽期,全园喷施500倍2.6%小檗碱、500倍2.0%厚朴酚和500倍0.5%香芹酚;
(3)末花期喷施使用,地面和主干喷施1200倍8%宁南霉素,1000倍20%井冈霉素、2000倍15%多抗霉素;两蔓喷施500倍5%氨基寡糖素、100倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合500倍20%丁子香酚、2000倍0.3%梧宁霉素、500倍3%多抗霉素、2000倍1%蛇床子素;
(4)幼果膨大期,全园喷施1000倍8%宁南霉素,1500倍20%井冈霉素、800倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1200倍3%多抗霉素,通过浸果方式使用300倍5%氨基寡糖素、300倍6%寡糖链蛋白、2000倍99%水杨酸、2000倍99%茉莉酸甲酯结合2000倍20%丁子香酚、1000倍0.3%梧宁霉素、2500倍3%多抗霉素处理幼果;
(5)二次膨大期,全园喷施1000倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1500倍1%蛇床子素,两蔓喷施500倍5%氨基寡糖素、500倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合3000倍20%丁子香酚、500倍0.3%梧宁霉素、2000倍3%多抗霉素、1000倍3%多抗霉素。
实验过程中,同时设置不喷施农药组、喷施相同农药不加诱抗剂组、喷施相同农药(诱抗剂)组(20株),花后150天每株采摘20个果实,果实置于温度为20±2℃,相对湿度85~95%层析冷柜中摆放。货架期30天后猕猴桃蒂腐病发病率指标结果见表2:
表2蒂腐病发病率情况(n=100)
Figure BDA0003334790090000042
由表2中数据可见,关键点喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,并通过杀菌剂和诱抗剂喷施,对比对照组无农药处理相比,其他两组实施均能显著降低猕猴桃蒂腐病的发病率。在喷施农药相同情况下,在三个关键节点加入诱抗剂,也能比喷施农药组明显降低蒂腐病的发病率。
实施例3:“贵长”猕猴桃,于2019年在修文县久长镇猕猴桃基地实施。
(1)秋后清园时,全园喷施500倍2.6%小檗碱、500倍2.0%厚朴酚和500倍0.5%香芹酚;
(2)春季萌芽期,全园喷施800倍2.6%小檗碱、800倍2.0%厚朴酚和800倍0.5%香芹酚;
(3)末花期喷施使用,地面和主干喷施2000倍8%宁南霉素,1000倍20%井冈霉素、2000倍15%多抗霉素;两蔓喷施300倍5%氨基寡糖素、300倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合1000倍20%丁子香酚、500倍0.3%梧宁霉素、500倍3%多抗霉素、500倍1%蛇床子素;
(4)幼果膨大期,全园喷施1200倍0.3%梧宁霉素,500倍20%井冈霉素、500倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1000倍3%多抗霉素,通过浸果方式使用500倍5%氨基寡糖素、500倍6%寡糖链蛋白、2500倍99%水杨酸、2500倍99%茉莉酸甲酯结合2000倍0.3%梧宁霉素、2000倍3%多抗霉素、2000倍1%蛇床子素处理幼果;
(5)二次膨大期,全园喷施1500倍0.3%梧宁霉素、2500倍3%多抗霉素,两蔓喷施400倍5%氨基寡糖素、400倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合1500倍20%丁子香酚、2000倍8%宁南霉素、1500倍3%多抗霉素、1500倍1%蛇床子素。
实验过程中,同时设置不喷施农药组、喷施相同农药不加诱抗剂组、喷施相同农药(诱抗剂)组(20株),花后150天每株采摘20个果实,果实置于温度为20±2℃,相对湿度85~95%层析冷柜中摆放。货架期30天后猕猴桃蒂腐病发病率指标结果见表3:
表3蒂腐病发病率情况(n=100)
Figure BDA0003334790090000051
由表3中数据可见,关键点喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,并通过杀菌剂和诱抗剂喷施,对比对照组无农药处理相比,其他两组实施均能显著降低猕猴桃蒂腐病的发病率。在喷施农药相同情况下,在三个关键节点加入诱抗剂,也能比喷施农药组明显降低蒂腐病的发病率。
实施例4:“红阳”猕猴桃,于2019年在水城县米箩镇猕猴桃基地实施。
(1)秋后清园时,全园喷施600倍2.6%小檗碱、600倍2.0%厚朴酚和800倍0.5%香芹酚;
(2)春季萌芽期,全园喷施1000倍2.6%小檗碱、800倍2.0%厚朴酚和500倍0.5%香芹酚;
(3)末花期喷施使用,地面和主干喷施1000倍8%宁南霉素,2000倍1%蛇床子素、1000倍15%多抗霉素;两蔓喷施300倍5%氨基寡糖素、150倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合2000倍20%丁子香酚、500倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1000倍3%多抗霉素、2000倍20%井冈霉素;
(4)幼果膨大期,全园喷施1000倍8%宁南霉素,2000倍20%井冈霉素、800倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1200倍3%多抗霉素,通过浸果方式使用400倍5%氨基寡糖素、400倍6%寡糖链蛋白、2500倍99%水杨酸、3000倍99%茉莉酸甲酯结合植物源杀菌剂处理幼果;
(5)二次膨大期,全园喷施1500倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1000倍1%蛇床子素,两蔓喷施300倍5%氨基寡糖素、500倍6%寡糖链蛋白结合1800倍20%丁子香酚、800倍0.3%梧宁霉素、1500倍3%多抗霉素、1800倍3%多抗霉素。
实验过程中,同时设置不喷施农药组、喷施相同农药不加诱抗剂组、喷施相同农药(诱抗剂)组(20株),花后150天每株采摘20个果实,果实置于温度为20±2℃,相对湿度85~95%层析冷柜中摆放。货架期30天后猕猴桃蒂腐病发病率指标结果见表4:
表4蒂腐病发病率情况(n=100)
Figure BDA0003334790090000061
由表4中数据可见,关键点喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,并通过杀菌剂和诱抗剂喷施,对比对照组无农药处理相比,其他两组实施均能显著降低猕猴桃蒂腐病的发病率。在喷施农药相同情况下,在三个关键节点加入诱抗剂,也能比喷施农药组明显降低蒂腐病的发病率。
本发明通过构建猕猴桃蒂腐病综合防控的方法,主要利用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,显著提高猕猴桃果实的抗病性,高效降低猕猴桃蒂腐病的发生,提高了猕猴桃的商品果率,并且安全性好;避免了由于长期、大量使用化学农药使大量病原菌产生抗药性、使病害更难于防治、严重制约了农业可持续发展的问题。目前未见过利用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂的猕猴桃蒂腐病综合防控的方法。
参考文献:
[1]冉飞,张荣全,袁腾,等.‘红阳’猕猴桃褐斑病病原菌分离鉴定及防治药剂毒力测定[J].中国果树,2021(6):27-32.
[2]石浩,王仁才,王芳芳,等.猕猴桃软腐病主要病原菌的分离、鉴定及其生长特性研究[J].核农学报,2020,34(11):2425-2434.
[3]周英.奉新猕猴桃3种真菌病害病原鉴定、生物学特性及药剂筛选研究[D].江西农业大学,2019.
[4]胡容平,石军,陈晓娟,等.四川省猕猴桃贮藏期炭疽病生物学特性及防治研究[J].安徽农业科学,2019,47(13):132-135.
[5]邱德文.我国植物免疫诱导技术的研究现状与趋势分析[J].植物保护,2016,42(05):10-14.
[6]刘艳潇,祝一鸣,周而勋.植物免疫诱抗剂的作用机理和应用研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2020,18(03):1020-1026.
[7]李晓菲,徐政.植物源杀菌剂研究进展[J].南方农业,2018,12(13):40-42+45.
[8]王翠兰.杀菌剂和植物抗病激活剂对油茶炭疽病病菌活性研究[D].浙江农林大学,2021.

Claims (4)

1.一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)秋后清园时,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂;
(2)春季萌芽期,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂;
(3)末花期喷施使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂,地面和主干喷施植物源杀菌剂;两蔓喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂;
(4)幼果膨大期,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂,通过浸果方式使用植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂处理幼果;
(5)二次膨大期,使用喷施方式,全园喷施植物源杀菌剂,两蔓喷施植物诱抗剂结合植物源杀菌剂处理果实。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)、(2)的植物源杀菌剂为小檗碱、厚朴酚和香芹酚的一种或多种;
如权利要求2所述的一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,其特征在于: 所述步骤(1)、(2)的植物源杀菌剂,小檗碱浓度为100-1000倍、厚朴酚浓度为100-1000倍、香芹酚浓度为100-1000倍。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)植物诱抗剂为氨基寡糖素、寡糖链蛋白、水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯中的一种或多种;
所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)的植物源杀菌剂为丁子香酚、梧宁霉素、多抗霉素、蛇床子素、宁南霉素,井冈霉素、多抗霉素中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求4所述的一种综合防控猕猴桃蒂腐病的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)植物诱抗剂,氨基寡糖素浓度为50-500倍、寡糖链蛋白浓度为50-500倍、水杨酸浓度为2000-3000倍、茉莉酸甲酯浓度为2000-3000倍;
所述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)的植物源杀菌剂,丁子香酚浓度为500-3000倍、梧宁霉素浓度为500-3000倍、多抗霉素浓度为500-3000倍、蛇床子素浓度为500-3000倍、宁南霉素浓度为500-3000倍,井冈霉素浓度为500-3000倍、多抗霉素浓度为500-3000倍。
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