CN110804858A - 一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法 - Google Patents
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110804858A CN110804858A CN201910960065.3A CN201910960065A CN110804858A CN 110804858 A CN110804858 A CN 110804858A CN 201910960065 A CN201910960065 A CN 201910960065A CN 110804858 A CN110804858 A CN 110804858A
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- antifouling
- finishing
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- curtain
- foaming
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对织物进行无机发泡整理后制成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;无机发泡整理的过程为:首先采用偶联剂、有机氟整理剂和交联剂对防污粒子进行预处理得到改性防污粒子,然后将主要由改性防污粒子、发泡剂和溶剂组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,最后将泡沫涂覆在织物表面后干燥;防污粒子为氧化纳米炭黑或纳米SiO2,氧化纳米炭黑为氧化剂氧化后的纳米炭黑,防污粒子的平均粒径为1~100nm。本发明的无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,简单易行,成本较低,通过对防污粒子进行改性处理,使表面呈现与发泡剂类似的性质,将其涂覆在织物上,可以实现对织物的泡沫整理,制得的防污窗帘具有优异的防污性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能织物技术领域,涉及一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法。
背景技术
家用纺织品也称为装饰用纺织品,它是对人生活环境起美化装饰作用的实用性纺织品。在一些发达国家,家用纺织品已经超过服装占比,排在三大纺织品之首,世界家用纺织品的市场容量已达约数千亿美元。
家用纺织品中窗帘占据重要地位,是家庭、饭店、旅馆、客运交通、公共设施等行业的重要消费品。窗帘织物是室内装饰织物的主要组成部分,产品多样化的需求,庞大的市场需求量,加速了窗帘织物多元化的发展。各种新型功能窗帘也层出不穷,如防紫外线窗帘、智能窗帘、阻燃窗帘、抗菌防虫窗帘、防静电窗帘、香味除臭窗帘等,但是遮光作为窗帘的基本功能还需要不断地创新和发展。只有在具备良好的遮光性的前提下,才能不断衍生出其他附加功能,从而保护室内空间免受高强度的光线直射,减少由于各种光线照射所带来的危害的同时展现出各种附加创新功能。所以为了适应层出不穷的新型功能窗帘,遮光窗帘技术必须要有相应的发展和进步,多功能复合型窗帘的开发是窗帘类家用纺织品今后发展的必然趋势。
在降雨之后的河塘里,常常可以看到许多水滴漂浮在荷叶上,这是由于在荷叶的表面上有许多微小的乳突,这些乳突上含有疏水的蜡状物质,使得水滴不能渗入到荷叶中而引起的。这种现象己被人们熟知,水滴沿着表面滚落能够轻易地带走附着在表面的微粒,进而清洁表面,荷叶的双微结构与高的拒水表面能够减少与固体微粒和小水滴的接触面积,接触面积的减少导致固体颗粒和水滴附着力的降低,从而产生自清洁作用。根据此机理,就可以在织物上模拟此特性,赋予其自清洁效果。随着科技的发展,单一的组分已经难以满足消费者的需求,而有机/无机复合材料可获得单一组分所不具备的优异性能,因此可通过纺织后整理的方式赋予织物各种附加功能。由于氟原子核对电子及成键电子云的束缚作用较强,C-F键的可极化度低,使得含氟聚合物具有优异的拒水、拒油、抗污性能。纳米颗粒具有独特的小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应,将纳米粒子作为一种功能性组分引入到聚合物体系中,可以大幅度提高含氟聚合物的热稳定性、憎水憎油性、化学稳定性及表面糙度,有效发挥含氟聚合物和纳米材料的各自优势,弥补不足,还可使价格相对较贵的含氟单体的用量减少,降低成本,并有利于提高含氟聚合物的耐洗刷性、耐候性、耐沾污性等。
由于泡沫整理(也叫发泡整理)技术的低给液、少污染、高节能等优点,在工厂间迅速发展应用起来,目前,泡沫整理涉及到的整理领域有泡沫染色、泡沫树脂整理(防皱整理)、泡沫柔软整理、泡沫阻燃整理以及多功能泡沫整理。
文献1(纯棉针织物的双面异功能泡沫整理[J].印染,2017(12):5-10.)引入泡沫技术对涤纶织物进行了抗静电整理,研究了抗静电剂用量、涂层厚度、发泡比、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对抗静电整理效果的影响,得知抗静电剂对整理效果影响大,涂层厚度影响较小,之后又应用泡沫法对纯棉针织物进行双面异功能整理,讨论了工艺参数对拒水拒油和抗紫外线整理效果的影响,优化了棉织物双面异功能整理的工艺条件。
文献2(泡沫整理技术在单面防水单面亲水针织面料的应用研究[J].纺织科学与工程学报,2019(3) 70-73)采用泡沫整理技术将亲水整理剂和拒水整理剂分别施加于织物两面,通过工艺优化得到了较好的单面防水单面疏水面料。
文献3(棉织物水性聚氨酯泡沫抗皱整理[J].印染.2019(3)27-32.)采用泡沫整理技术,将水性聚氨酯整理到棉织物上,得到具有抗皱性能的棉织物,研究了泡沫涂覆厚度、水性聚氨酯浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间等因素对整理织物折皱回复角、透气性及断裂强力的影响,并经正交试验设计优化了整理工艺条件。
综上所述,现有的泡沫整理是一种将化学品浆料(水溶性)与表面活性剂共混,通过充入大量空气后,采用机械发泡的方式生成大量泡沫,并将泡沫施加于纺织品表面,提高纺织品的附加值的一种纺织后整理方式。目前的泡沫整理技术只应用在有机整理剂的整理中,在无机整理剂领域尚未应用,因此,为了拓展泡沫整理技术的应用领域,有必要引入无机粒子。
一般用于泡沫整理的有机整理剂都是溶于水的,加入发泡剂或表面活性剂,经过机械作用很容易就产生稠密的泡沫,空气将代替部分水施加于织物上。而无机粒子不溶于水,并且在有发泡剂的水溶液中起到消泡作用,泡沫很容易破灭,因而难以直接应用于织物泡沫整理。
因此,研究一种无机发泡整理方法制备防污窗帘的方法具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术中无机粒子无法直接应用于防污窗帘的发泡整理的问题,提供一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的方案如下:
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对织物进行无机发泡整理后制成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;
无机发泡整理的过程为:首先采用偶联剂、有机氟整理剂(有机氟整理剂的主要成分是全氟烷基(Rf) 长链化合物,形成的薄膜具有R基所赋予的低临界表面张力,因此经它处理的织物不仅有拒水拒油和防污的性能,而且织物仍能保持原有的色泽、手感、透气性和穿着舒适性)和交联剂对防污粒子进行预处理得到改性防污粒子,然后将主要由改性防污粒子、发泡剂和溶剂组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,最后将泡沫涂覆在织物表面后干燥(干燥可采用烘干或自然风干的方式,当泡沫涂覆在织物上时,伴随着泡沫的破灭,改性防污粒子均匀固着在织物上,使得织物具有很好的防污性能);
防污粒子为氧化纳米炭黑或纳米SiO2,纳米粒子具有高的比表面积,可以赋予材料高的粗糙因子,由于在纳米尺寸低凹的表面可强力吸附气体分子,并让其稳定存在,相当于在宏观表面上有一层稳定的气体薄膜,使油与水均无法与材料的表面直接接触,具有很好的拒水具有性能;氧化纳米炭黑为氧化剂 (优选为双氧水)氧化后的纳米炭黑(在氮气氛围中,用双氧水氧化纳米炭黑粒子,使其表面的C-O单键氧化为C=O双键,极性基团的引入降低了炭黑粒子之间的聚集,提高了炭黑的分散性),防污粒子的平均粒径为1~100nm;
防污粒子与有机氟整理剂相容并有联合增效作用(①有机氟整理剂以特定的形式包覆在纳米材料表面,增加了纳米材料对纤维的亲和力;②有机氟整理剂改性后的纳米材料能稳定地分散在含偶联剂和交联剂的溶液中,构成稳定的分散体系),二者相互配合可充分发挥各自的优良性能。
本发明的无机发泡整理工艺与现有技术中的有机发泡整理工艺有明显的不同:
(1)有机发泡整理中的有机整理剂能够溶于水,而无机粒子(防污粒子)不溶于水,具有消泡作用,即使产生了泡沫,但由于泡沫过大且不稳定,因此很难从现有的技术进行推导;
(2)本发明采用对无机粒子表面进行有机(偶联剂、有机氟整理剂和交联剂)改性的方法,通过共价键或物理吸附作用,使有机改性剂吸附在粉体(由许许多多无机粒子组成的集合体)表面,形成有序的混合体,从而固定或成膜包覆在粉体的表面,甚至形成多层包覆,因此使无机粒子表面呈现与发泡剂类似的性质,从而无机粒子在混有发泡剂的溶液中更易起泡,粘附在泡沫表面,甚至被包裹在泡沫里,当涂覆在织物上时,伴随着泡沫的破灭,无机粉体均匀固着在织物上;改性后的粉体与发泡剂通过范德华引力和大分子链段交缠,使之紧密结合,经过机械作用(搅拌或剪切),连续产生亚稳态泡沫,该泡沫绵密(0.05~0.5mm),发泡后的液膜具有一定弹性(强度)和保护作用,从而使泡沫具有一定的稳定性(足够输送到织物上)。
作为优选的技术方案:
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,织物的材质为PET、尼龙、黏胶或聚丙烯腈;织物的克重为310~320g/m2,经密为145~150根/cm,纬密为35~45根/cm。
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,预处理过程为:先将防污粒子分散在偶联剂的水溶液中,再向其中加入有机氟整理剂和交联剂搅拌均匀,其中,防污粒子用量为6~10g/L,偶联剂用量为0.5~3g/L,有机氟整理剂用量为10~30g/L,交联剂用量为3~5g/L。
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,偶联剂为质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,交联剂为二亚乙基三胺。
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,溶剂为水,按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性防污粒子100~150g/L,发泡剂1.5~5g/L,亲水柔软剂5~10g/L,分散剂2~5g/L,水余量。
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,发泡剂为阴离子型表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠、十四烷基苯磺酸钠等),或者为阴离子型表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂(如净洗剂6001)的混合物,亲水柔软剂为亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481或有机硅柔软剂CS-501,分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS) 或羧甲基纤维钠(CMC)。
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以 300~500r/min的搅拌速度搅拌1~2min(低速搅拌目的是为了防止液体溅出),再以1000~1500r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3~4;发泡的粘度为5×10-3~20×10-3Pa·s;
其中,发泡比又称吹泡率、发泡倍率,它是泡沫最重要特性标志之一,发泡比是指发泡前原液重量相对发泡后相同体积的泡沫重量之比;发泡比的测定方法为:采用直接称重法,即将已知体积和重量的塑料杯内放满泡沫后,用天平快速秤得带泡杯重后,通过计算即得发泡比,如:某一塑料杯重量为50g,放满整理液重量为550g,整理液重500g,塑料杯放满泡沫重100g,泡沫重50g,则发泡比=(550-50)/(100-50)=500/50=10。
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为100~300g/m2,干燥的温度为80~150℃。
如上所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,防污窗帘的酱油接触角≥126°,咖啡接触角≥137°,食用油接触角≥119°。
有益效果:
(1)本发明的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,简单易行,成本较低,适用范围较广;
(2)本发明的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,通过对防污粒子进行改性处理,使有机改性剂吸附在其表面,形成有序的混合体,从而使表面呈现与发泡剂类似的性质,将其涂覆在织物上,可以实现对织物的泡沫整理,并且形成的泡沫绵密,容易润湿织物,具有一定的稳定性;
(3)本发明的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,可以赋予窗帘优异的防污性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的防污窗帘的酱油接触角测试结果示意图;
图2为本发明的防污窗帘的咖啡接触角测试结果示意图;
图3为本发明的防污窗帘的食用油接触角测试结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
氧化纳米炭黑的制备方法,称量约3g炭黑原材料N234于圆底烧瓶中,加入100mL双氧水,氧化过程为:在60℃水浴条件下处理8h,在处理过程中,若无气泡放出,说明双氧水反应完全。反应后的混合物需沉降炭黑,再将溶剂倾倒出,得到一次氧化纳米炭黑;向一次氧化纳米炭黑中再添加100mL双氧水,重复前述的氧化过程二次,然后将混合物过滤,在100℃下干燥,得到氧化纳米炭黑。
实施例2
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺对实施例1的产物进行预处理得到改性氧化纳米炭黑,预处理过程为:先将氧化纳米炭黑分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入含氟丙烯酸酯、二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,氧化纳米炭黑用量为6g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为0.5g/L,含氟丙烯酸酯的用量为10g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为3g/L;氧化纳米炭黑的平均粒径为1nm;
(2)将由改性氧化纳米炭黑、十二烷基硫酸钠、亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以300r/min的搅拌速度搅拌1min,再以1000r/min 的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3;泡沫的粘度为12×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性氧化纳米炭黑100g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠3.5g/L,亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481 5g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在PET织物表面后干燥,PET织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为100g/m2,干燥的温度为 80℃;其中,PET织物的克重为310g/m2,经密为145根/cm,纬密为35根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为126°,咖啡接触角为137°,食用油接触角为119°;该防污窗帘的三种接触角测试结果示意图,如图1~3所示。
对比例1
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对比例1的步骤与实施例2基本相同,不同之处在于没有步骤(1),将步骤(2)中的改性氧化纳米炭黑替换为氧化纳米炭黑,得到的泡沫的粘度为2.1×10-3Pa·s,且通过该方法整理后,该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为80°,咖啡接触角为86°,食用油接触角为62°;
将对比例1与实施例2进行对比可以看出,对比例1中氧化纳米炭黑得到的泡沫的粘度更小,且PET 织物的防污效果更差,这是因为实施例2中质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物和二亚乙基三胺能够通过氢键、共价键或物理吸附作用吸附在氧化纳米炭黑组成的表面,形成有序的混合体,从而固定或成膜包覆在氧化纳米炭黑的表面,甚至形成多层包覆,因此使氧化纳米炭黑表面呈现与表面活性剂类似的性质,从而氧化纳米炭黑在混有十二烷基硫酸钠的溶液中更易起泡,粘附在泡沫表面,甚至被包裹在泡沫里;另外,泡沫是大量的由表面活性剂的单分子膜包围的气泡所组成,而被改性后的氧化纳米炭黑表面的大分子链段和气泡上表面活性剂发生交联和共价结合,使得氧化纳米炭黑更容易附着在泡沫上;改性后的氧化纳米炭黑与十二烷基硫酸钠通过范德华引力和大分子链段交缠,使之紧密结合,经过机械作用(搅拌或剪切),连续产生亚稳态泡沫,该泡沫绵密(0.05~0.5mm),发泡后的液膜具有一定弹性(强度)和保护作用,从而使泡沫具有一定的稳定性(足够输送到织物上);而对比例1中的氧化纳米炭黑未经过质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ- 氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的改性作用,不存在实施例2中的这些作用,无法稳定泡沫,会削弱整理的效果。
对比例2
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对比例2的步骤与实施例2基本相同,不同之处在于步骤 (1)中将质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物替换为乙醇;得到的泡沫的粘度为2.3×10- 3Pa·s,且通过该方法整理后,该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为78°,咖啡接触角为63°,食用油接触角为82°;
将对比例2与实施例2进行对比可以看出,对比例2的泡沫粘度更小,整理的效果更差,这是因为乙醇无法起到同本申请中对氧化纳米炭黑进行表面改性的作用,对比例2中,乙醇与氧化纳米炭黑之间没有任何的吸附和结合力,不能改性氧化纳米炭黑的表面,使其不能与气泡上表面活性剂发生交联和共价结合,而且氧化纳米炭黑难溶于溶剂,且还具有消泡作用,故此,泡沫的粘度小,氧化纳米炭黑容易团聚,整理的效果差。
对比例3
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对比例3的步骤与实施例2基本相同,不同之处在于步骤 (1)中采用的炭黑为未经过实施例1步骤氧化处理的炭黑,得到的泡沫的粘度为3.4×10-3Pa·s,且通过该方法整理后,该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为92°,咖啡接触角为84°,食用油接触角为94°;
将对比例3与实施例2进行对比可以看出,对比例3的泡沫的粘度更小,且PET织物的防污效果更差,这是因为实施例2中双氧水会使炭黑表面的C-O单键氧化为C=O双键,极性基团的引入降低了炭黑粒子之间的聚集,提高了炭黑的分散性;而对比例3中,炭黑未经过氧化处理,在改性预处理的过程中会出现聚集,炭黑的整理粒径比加入时的粒径偏大,增大的粒径会降低后续发泡的效果,进而使得整理的效果差。
对比例4
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对比例4的步骤与实施例2基本相同,不同之处在于氧化纳米炭黑的平均粒径为200nm;得到的泡沫的粘度为2.6×10-3Pa·s,且通过该方法整理后,该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为83°,咖啡接触角为90°,食用油接触角为86°;
将对比例4与实施例2进行对比可以看出,对比例4的泡沫整理后防污的效果差,这是因为对比例 4中的氧化纳米炭黑粒径过大,即使对其改性后也很难吸附在泡沫上,使发泡变的困难,反而容易消泡,很难将泡沫输送到织物上,因此造成在织物上氧化纳米炭黑的分布不均匀,降低防污整理的效果。
对比例5
一种发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对比例5的步骤与实施例2基本相同,不同之处在于步骤(1) 中不加入氧化纳米炭黑,步骤(2)中采用含氟丙烯酸酯替代改性氧化纳米炭黑。
实验发现对比例5的发泡体系中含氟丙烯酸酯浓度需达到40g/L才可以取得与实施例2相当的整理效果,这是因为实施例2中的氧化纳米炭黑具有高的比表面积,可以赋予材料高的粗糙因子,由于在纳米尺寸低凹的表面可强力吸附气体分子,并让其稳定存在,相当于在宏观表面上有一层稳定的气体薄膜,使油与水均无法与材料的表面直接接触,具有很好的拒水具有性能,而对比例5中不存在氧化纳米炭黑的作用,仅依靠含氟丙烯酸酯起到防污的作用,只有添加更多在量,才能达到相等的防污效果。
对比例6
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,对比例6的步骤与实施例2基本相同,不同之处在于步骤 (1)中不加入含氟丙烯酸酯,且氧化纳米炭黑的用量为16g/L,得到的泡沫的粘度为4.2×10-3Pa·s,且通过该方法整理后,该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为72°,咖啡接触角为82°,食用油接触角为76°;
将对比例6与实施例2进行对比可以看出,对比例6中的泡沫的粘度更小,且PET织物的防污效果更差,织物的色泽和手感等更差,这是因为实施例2中含有含氟丙烯酸酯,其形成的薄膜具有低临界表面张力,因此经它处理的织物不仅有拒水拒油和防污的性能,而且织物仍能保持原有的色泽、手感、透气性和穿着舒适性;另外,氧化纳米炭黑与含氟丙烯酸酯相容并有联合增效作用,其中,含氟丙烯酸酯以特定的形式包覆在氧化纳米炭黑表面,增加氧化纳米炭黑对纤维的亲和力,且促进改性后的纳米材料能稳定地分散在含偶联剂(质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物)和交联剂(二亚乙基三胺)的溶液中,构成稳定的分散体系,二者相互配合可充分发挥各自的优良性能,而对比例6中不含有含氟丙烯酸酯,虽然氧化纳米炭黑的可以起到疏水作用,但其与织物之间的亲和力和在溶液中的分散稳定性会下降,因此,造成发泡后泡沫的粘度下降,织物的手感变差。
实施例3
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺对纳米SiO2进行预处理得到改性纳米SiO2,预处理过程为:先将纳米SiO2分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,纳米SiO2用量为7g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为1g/L,FUR-616E 15g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为3.5g/L;纳米SiO2的平均粒径为10nm;
(2)将由改性纳米SiO2、十四烷基苯磺酸钠、亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481、十二烷基硫酸钠和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以350r/min的搅拌速度搅拌 1.5min,再以1200r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3;泡沫的粘度为15×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性纳米SiO2 120g/L,十四烷基苯磺酸钠2.5g/L,亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481 6g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠4g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在PET织物表面后干燥,PET织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为120g/m2,干燥的温度为 100℃;其中,PET织物的克重为312g/m2,经密为145根/cm,纬密为37根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为128°,咖啡接触角为137°,食用油接触角为120°。
实施例4
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺对实施例2的产物进行预处理得到改性氧化纳米炭黑,预处理过程为:先将氧化纳米炭黑分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,氧化纳米炭黑用量为8g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为1.5g/L,含氟丙烯酸酯的用量为20g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为4g/L;氧化纳米炭黑的平均粒径为20nm;
(2)将由改性氧化纳米炭黑、质量比为1:1的十二烷基硫酸钠和净洗剂6001的混合物、亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481、羧甲基纤维钠和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以400r/min的搅拌速度搅拌1.5min,再以1300r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3.2;泡沫的粘度为14×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性氧化纳米炭黑150g/L,质量比为1:1的十二烷基硫酸钠和净洗剂6001的混合物3.5g/L,亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481 7g/L,羧甲基纤维钠5g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在尼龙织物表面后干燥,尼龙织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为150g/m2,干燥的温度为 120℃;其中,尼龙织物的克重为314g/m2,经密为146根/cm,纬密为39根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为129°,咖啡接触角为138°,食用油接触角为121°。
实施例5
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺对纳米SiO2进行预处理得到改性纳米SiO2,预处理过程为:先将纳米SiO2分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,纳米SiO2用量为9g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为2g/L,FUR-616E 25g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为4.5g/L;纳米SiO2的平均粒径为40nm;
(2)将由改性纳米SiO2、质量比为1:1的十四烷基苯磺酸钠和净洗剂6001的混合物、亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481、羧甲基纤维钠和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以450r/min的搅拌速度搅拌1.5min,再以1400r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3.5;泡沫的粘度为20×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性纳米SiO2 180g/L,质量比为1:1的十四烷基苯磺酸钠和净洗剂6001的混合物4g/L,亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481 8g/L,羧甲基纤维钠4g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在尼龙织物表面后干燥,尼龙织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为180g/m2,干燥的温度为 130℃;其中,尼龙织物的克重为315g/m2,经密为146根/cm,纬密为40根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为129°,咖啡接触角为139°,食用油接触角为122°。
实施例6
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺对实施例3的产物进行预处理得到改性氧化纳米炭黑,预处理过程为:先将氧化纳米炭黑分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,氧化纳米炭黑用量为10g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为3g/L,含氟丙烯酸酯的用量为30g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为5g/L;氧化纳米炭黑的平均粒径为60nm;
(2)将由改性氧化纳米炭黑、十二烷基硫酸钠、有机硅柔软剂CS-501和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以500r/min的搅拌速度搅拌2min,再以1500r/min 的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3.6;泡沫的粘度为13×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性氧化纳米炭黑210g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠8g/L,有机硅柔软剂CS-501 9g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在黏胶织物表面后干燥,黏胶织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为210g/m2,干燥的温度为 140℃;其中,黏胶织物的克重为316g/m2,经密为147根/cm,纬密为41根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为130°,咖啡接触角为140°,食用油接触角为123°。
实施例7
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺对纳米SiO2进行预处理得到改性纳米SiO2,预处理过程为:先将纳米SiO2分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,纳米SiO2用量为7g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为1.5g/L,FUR-616E 15g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为3g/L;纳米SiO2的平均粒径为80nm;
(2)将由改性纳米SiO2、十四烷基苯磺酸钠、亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481、十二烷基硫酸钠和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以420r/min的搅拌速度搅拌 1.6min,再以1250r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3.8;泡沫的粘度为10×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性纳米SiO2 250g/L,十四烷基苯磺酸钠3g/L,亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481 10g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠2g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在黏胶织物表面后干燥,黏胶织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为250g/m2,干燥的温度为 150℃;其中,黏胶织物的克重为317g/m2,经密为147根/cm,纬密为42根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为127°,咖啡接触角为138°,食用油接触角为122°。
实施例8
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺对实施例1的产物进行预处理得到改性氧化纳米炭黑,预处理过程为:先将氧化纳米炭黑分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,氧化纳米炭黑用量为8g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为2g/L,含氟丙烯酸酯的用量为15g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为3.5g/L;氧化纳米炭黑的平均粒径为100nm;
(2)将由改性氧化纳米炭黑、十二烷基硫酸钠、有机硅柔软剂CS-501和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以480r/min的搅拌速度搅拌1.8min,再以1350r/min 的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为4;泡沫的粘度为5×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性氧化纳米炭黑300g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠7g/L,有机硅柔软剂CS-501 10g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在聚丙烯腈织物表面后干燥,聚丙烯腈织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为300g/m2,干燥的温度为150℃;其中,聚丙烯腈织物的克重为318g/m2,经密为148根/cm,纬密为43根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为128°,咖啡接触角为139°,食用油接触角为123°。
实施例9
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺对纳米SiO2进行预处理得到改性纳米SiO2,预处理过程为:先将纳米SiO2分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入FUR-616E和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,纳米SiO2用量为6g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为1g/L,FUR-616E的用量为20g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为4g/L;纳米SiO2的平均粒径为50nm;
(2)将由改性纳米SiO2、十四烷基苯磺酸钠、亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481、十二烷基硫酸钠和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以450r/min的搅拌速度搅拌 1.2min,再以1280r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3.5;泡沫的粘度为14×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性纳米SiO2 135g/L,十四烷基苯磺酸钠2g/L,亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481 6g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠3g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在聚丙烯腈织物表面后干燥,聚丙烯腈织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为135g/m2,干燥的温度为90℃;其中,聚丙烯腈织物的克重为319g/m2,经密为149根/cm,纬密为44根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为127°,咖啡接触角为137°,食用油接触角为120°。
实施例10
一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其步骤如下:
(1)采用质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物、含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺对实施例1的产物进行预处理得到改性氧化纳米炭黑,预处理过程为:先将氧化纳米炭黑分散在质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的水溶液中,再向其中加入含氟丙烯酸酯和二亚乙基三胺搅拌均匀,其中,氧化纳米炭黑用量为6g/L,质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ- 甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物的用量为1.5g/L,含氟丙烯酸酯的用量为15g/L,二亚乙基三胺的用量为3g/L;氧化纳米炭黑的平均粒径为60nm;
(2)将由改性氧化纳米炭黑、十四烷基苯磺酸钠、亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481、十二烷基硫酸钠和水组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,其中,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以450r/min的搅拌速度搅拌1.3min,再以1250r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3.2;泡沫的粘度为15×10-3Pa·s;按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性氧化纳米炭黑145g/L,十四烷基苯磺酸钠3.5g/L,亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481 8g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠3.5g/L,水余量;
(3)将泡沫涂覆在聚丙烯腈织物表面后干燥,聚丙烯腈织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为145g/m2,干燥的温度为110℃;其中,聚丙烯腈织物的克重为320g/m2,经密为150根/cm,纬密为45根/cm。
通过该方法整理后,将该织物加工成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;该防污窗帘的酱油接触角为128°,咖啡接触角为138°,食用油接触角为120°。
Claims (9)
1.一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征是:对织物进行无机发泡整理后制成窗帘,即得防污窗帘;
无机发泡整理的过程为:首先采用偶联剂、有机氟整理剂和交联剂对防污粒子进行预处理得到改性防污粒子,然后将主要由改性防污粒子、发泡剂和溶剂组成的体系进行发泡得到泡沫,最后将泡沫涂覆在织物表面后干燥;
防污粒子为氧化纳米炭黑或纳米SiO2,氧化纳米炭黑为氧化剂氧化后的纳米炭黑,防污粒子的平均粒径为1~100nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,织物的材质为PET、尼龙、黏胶或聚丙烯腈;织物的克重为310~320g/m2,经密为145~150根/cm,纬密为35~45根/cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,预处理过程为:先将防污粒子分散在偶联剂的水溶液中,再向其中加入有机氟整理剂和交联剂搅拌均匀,其中,防污粒子用量为6~10g/L,偶联剂用量为0.5~3g/L,有机氟整理剂用量为10~30g/L,交联剂用量为3~5g/L。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,偶联剂为质量比为1:1的N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,交联剂为二亚乙基三胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,溶剂为水,按质量浓度计,体系中各组分及其含量为:改性防污粒子100~150g/L,发泡剂1.5~5g/L,亲水柔软剂5~10g/L,分散剂2~5g/L,水余量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,发泡剂为阴离子型表面活性剂,或者为阴离子型表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的混合物,亲水柔软剂为亲水硅油柔软剂BN-481或有机硅柔软剂CS-501,分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠或羧甲基纤维钠。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,发泡采用搅拌的方式,具体过程为:先以300~500r/min的搅拌速度搅拌1~2min,再以1000~1500r/min的搅拌速度搅拌至发泡比为3~4;泡沫的粘度为5×10-3~20×10-3Pa·s。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,织物表面泡沫的涂覆量为100~300g/m2,干燥的温度为80~150℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机发泡整理制备防污窗帘的方法,其特征在于,防污窗帘的酱油接触角≥126°,咖啡接触角≥137°,食用油接触角≥119°。
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