CN110804216A - 一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110804216A
CN110804216A CN201911202347.3A CN201911202347A CN110804216A CN 110804216 A CN110804216 A CN 110804216A CN 201911202347 A CN201911202347 A CN 201911202347A CN 110804216 A CN110804216 A CN 110804216A
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曾广胜
江太君
陈一
孟聪
胡灿
尹琛
刘水长
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料及其制备方法,由以下质量份数的原材料组成:淀粉:20~50份、增塑剂:4~10份、聚烯烃塑料:40~70份、润滑剂:2~5份、开口剂:0.5~2份、抗氧剂:0.3~1份。本发明采用乙烯‑丙烯酸丁酯对玉米淀粉进行增塑与相容改性制备薄膜级高填充淀粉基复合材料,复合材料的吸膜过程稳定,力学性能好。

Description

一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及淀粉基材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
淀粉是一种来自于自然植物的可再生可循环的绿色材料,其不仅可以作为粮食用供人类使用,也被广泛应用于化工与新材料领域用于制备各类复合材料。因其优异的可生物降解性能,淀粉通常作为填充来制备热塑性高生物碳含量生物基复合材料,广泛应用于一次性用品,在当前石化资源日益短缺,白色污染日益严重的大环境下越来越受到人们的重视。薄膜是利用高分子材料通过各种不同的工艺制备的具有一种厚度的片状材料,因其优良的柔顺性、透明性以及较强的韧性而广泛应用于包装领域。
目前市面上大部分的塑料薄膜均以石油基塑料为原材料加工生产而成,绝大部分薄膜为不可降解材料。随着人们对石化资源短缺以及白色垃圾骤增的关注,越来越多的企业把传统的石油基原材料转向全降解的材料。淀粉作为一种纯天然资源越来越多地用于制备全降解材料与一次性制品,大部分制品可以在自然条件下快速降解,转化为水与二氧化碳,回归大自然。然而单纯的淀粉氢键作用大,导致材料的流动温度大于分解温度,无法成型,必须对淀粉进行改性与增塑处理才能用于制造产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中的不足,提供一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,力学性能好,吸膜过程稳定。
本发明的目的在于提供上述薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,由以下质量份数的原材料组成:淀粉:20~50份、增塑剂:4~10份、聚烯烃塑料:40~70份、润滑剂:2~5份、开口剂:0.5~2份、抗氧剂:0.3~1份。
进一步地,所述淀粉为天然未改性玉米淀粉或木薯淀粉。
进一步地,所述淀粉粒径为60~100目,所述淀粉含水率低于10%。
进一步地,所述增塑剂为酯含量大于30%的乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯。
进一步地,所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸的至少一种。
进一步地,所述开口剂为滑石粉或油酸酰胺的至少一种。
进一步地,所述聚烯烃塑料为低密度聚乙烯、茂金属聚乙烯的至少一种。
进一步地,所述抗氧剂为1010、1076的至少一种。
一种上述薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将淀粉和增塑剂放入高混机内混合均匀,再加入其他原材料混合均匀;
S2.将步骤S1中的混合料放入平行双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒。
进一步地,步骤S2中所述平行双螺杆挤出机的温度从下料到模具设置为:150℃~160℃~165℃~170℃~170℃~180℃~170℃~170℃~175℃~170℃~165℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明采用乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯对玉米淀粉进行增塑与相容改性制备薄膜级高填充淀粉基复合材料,复合材料的吸膜过程稳定,力学性能好。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合实施例对本发明作更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体的实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的制备方法,所用原材料为:含水率为8%的80目玉米淀粉:40份、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯:6份、低密度聚乙烯:40份、茂金属聚乙烯:10份、聚乙烯蜡:1.5份、油酸酰胺:1.5份、抗氧剂1010:0.25份、抗氧剂1076:0.25份;制备方法的步骤如下:
S1.将玉米淀粉、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯放入高混机内以1500rpm混合均匀,再加入其他原材料混合均匀备用;
S2.将步骤S1中的混合料放入平行双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,其中平行双螺杆挤出机的温度从下料到模具设置为:150℃~160℃~165℃~170℃~170℃~180℃~170℃~170℃~175℃~170℃~165℃。
本实施例制备的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的拉伸强度为23.5MPa,断裂伸长率为200%。
实施例2
本实施例参照实施例1,提供一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的制备方法,与实施例1不同之处在于,所用原材料为:含水率为5%的100目玉米淀粉:50份、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯:10份、低密度聚乙烯:30份、茂金属聚乙烯:40份、硬脂酸:5份、滑石粉:2份、抗氧剂1010: 0.5份、抗氧剂1076 :0.5份。
本实施例制备的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的拉伸强度为21.8MPa,断裂伸长率为160%。
实施例3
本实施例参照实施例1,提供一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的制备方法,与实施例1不同之处在于,所用原材料为:含水率为5%的60目玉米淀粉:20份、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯:4份、低密度聚乙烯:10份、茂金属聚乙烯:30份、硬脂酸:2份、滑石粉:0.5份、油酸酰胺:1.5份、抗氧剂1010:1份。
本实施例制备的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的拉伸强度为20.3MPa,断裂伸长率为150%。
实施例4
本实施例参照实施例1,提供一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的制备方法,与实施例1不同之处在于,所用原材料为:含水率为5%的80目玉米淀粉:45份、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯:6份、低密度聚乙烯:25份、茂金属聚乙烯:25份、硬脂酸:2份、油酸酰胺:1.5份、抗氧剂1010:0.5份。
本实施例制备的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的拉伸强度为21.7MPa,断裂伸长率为175%。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明的技术方案所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,由以下质量份数的原材料组成:淀粉:20~50份、增塑剂:4~10份、聚烯烃塑料:40~70份、润滑剂:2~5份、开口剂:0.5~2份、抗氧剂:0.3~1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,所述淀粉为天然未改性玉米淀粉或木薯淀粉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,所述淀粉粒径为60~100目,所述淀粉含水率低于10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,所述增塑剂为酯含量大于30%的乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,所述开口剂为滑石粉或油酸酰胺的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃塑料为低密度聚乙烯、茂金属聚乙烯的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为1010、1076的至少一种。
9.一种权利要求1~8任一项所述的薄膜级淀粉基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.将淀粉和增塑剂放入高混机内混合均匀,再加入其他原材料混合均匀;
S2.将步骤S1中的混合料放入平行双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述平行双螺杆挤出机的温度从下料到模具设置为:150℃~160℃~165℃~170℃~170℃~180℃~170℃~170℃~175℃~170℃~165℃。
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