CN110800885A - Compound feed for freshwater crayfish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a freshwater crayfish compound feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of sorghum flour, 20-30 parts of peanut flour, 4-8 parts of buckwheat flour, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of germinated brown rice, 15-25 parts of rapeseed cake, 6-12 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of maca powder, 1-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 4-8 parts of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.8 part of vitamin complex and 2-4 parts of feed additive; wherein the feed additive comprises herba Houttuyniae, semen Sojae Atricolor, semen Sesami Niger, black tea, thallus Porphyrae, purple cabbage, radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Sargassum, oleum ricini and vehicle. The feed can meet the nutritional requirements of lobster growth, promote lobster growth, and improve the disease resistance of lobsters.

Description

Compound feed for freshwater crayfish

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a compound feed for freshwater crayfishes.

Background

Procambarus clarkii belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, Crustacea, genus Procambarus, also known as crayfish. The shrimp meat is delicious in meat taste and rich in nutrition, is deeply loved by people, and is a main variety for increasing and breeding shrimps at present. The feed is fed by pure natural organic feeds such as artificially propagated aquatic organisms, small animals, planted aquatic plants and the like, has better palatability than purchased commercial feeds, is rich in nutrition, is fresh and delicious, and can completely avoid purchasing compound feeds. The method can avoid the overproof harmful ingredients such as hormone and the like of the commercial feed, ensure the commercial lobster to be green and pollution-free, and save a large amount of feed investment every year. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of the procambarus clarkii are rapidly reduced, the price is gradually increased, the culture area of the rice field is rapidly increased, however, the produced procambarus clarkii has smaller individual, poorer color and luster, more diseases and poorer economic benefit obtained by farmers.

Scientific research proves that the astaxanthin content in the crayfish organism is positively correlated with the resistance of the crayfish organism to the external severe environment, namely the higher the astaxanthin content in the organism is, the stronger the resistance of the crayfish organism to the external severe environment is. The content of natural astaxanthin in the body of the red jujube crayfish is several times of that of the prawns. Therefore, the deep red crayfish can survive and breed in the dirty sludge and is not easy to survive in the clear water body. Because the crayfish can not produce astaxanthin, the astaxanthin is obtained mainly through food chains, namely edible microalgae and the like, and is continuously accumulated in the body to generate the super-strong oxidation resistance. The astaxanthin can effectively enhance the capability of crayfish in resisting severe environment and improve the reproductive capacity. Therefore, astaxanthin is a strong guarantee of the viability of crayfish, and crayfish is difficult to survive in an environment lacking these astaxanthin-containing microalgae. However, due to the fact that pond water is shallow and is easy to be turbid, water body pollution, insufficient illumination and fungal infection and the like, crayfish can also cause various diseases, such as black gill disease, soft shell disease, tail rot disease and the like. The crayfish is usually placed in a clear water environment by the conventional artificial breeding method, so that the cleanness of the crayfish is ensured, but the death rate of the crayfish is higher.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the compound feed for the freshwater crayfish, which can meet the nutritional requirements for the growth of the crayfish, promote the growth of the crayfish and improve the disease resistance of the crayfish.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

the compound feed for the freshwater crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40-50 parts of sorghum flour, 20-30 parts of peanut flour, 4-8 parts of buckwheat flour, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of germinated brown rice, 15-25 parts of rapeseed cake, 6-12 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of maca powder, 1-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 4-8 parts of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.8 part of vitamin complex and 2-4 parts of feed additive; the feed additive comprises raw materials of houttuynia cordata, black soya beans, black sesame, black tea, laver, purple cabbage, angelica dahurica, seaweed, castor oil and a carrier.

Preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

16-26 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16-26 parts of black beans, 12-18 parts of black sesame, 10-16 parts of black tea, 8-12 parts of laver, 8-12 parts of purple cabbage, 4-8 parts of radix angelicae, 3-6 parts of seaweed, 10-16 parts of castor oil and 40-60 parts of a carrier.

Preferably, the carrier is selected from corn gluten meal, rice bran or medical stone.

Preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

21 parts of houttuynia cordata, 22 parts of black beans, 15 parts of black sesame, 12 parts of black tea, 10 parts of laver, 10 parts of purple cabbage, 6 parts of angelica dahurica, 4 parts of seaweed, 13 parts of castor oil and 50 parts of a carrier.

Preferably, the preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

1) mixing houttuynia cordata, black beans, black sesame, black tea, laver, purple cabbage, radix angelicae and seaweed to obtain a mixed forage, adding 10-20 times by weight of water, and pulping to obtain a pulp; performing microwave treatment on the slurry, and stirring the slurry on a water bath shaker at the constant temperature of 40-60 ℃ to obtain microwave treatment liquid;

2) boiling and extracting the microwave treatment liquid obtained in the step 1) for 2-3 times, wherein each time lasts for 1-2 hours, combining the extracting solutions, concentrating and drying to obtain a forage extract;

3) mixing the fodder extract, oleum ricini and carrier, and stirring.

Preferably, the multivitamin is a vitamin mixture of vitamin a, vitamin E and pantothenic acid.

A preparation method of a freshwater crayfish compound feed comprises the following steps:

weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, and granulating.

The black sesame has the effects of tonifying liver and kidney, benefiting essence and blood, filling brain marrow, improving intelligence, blackening beard and hair, moistening intestine and dryness and the like. Various essential amino acids contained in the black sesame can accelerate the metabolism of human body under the action of vitamin E and vitamin B1; iron and vitamin E contained in semen Sesami Niger are important components for preventing anemia, activating brain cell, and eliminating blood vessel cholesterol; most of the fat in the black sesame is unsaturated fatty acid, and has the effect of prolonging life.

The black tea has effects of quenching thirst, resisting radiation, resisting cancer, preventing cancer, relieving hangover, promoting digestion, reducing weight, delaying aging, and reducing cholesterol. Can enhance the sensitivity of central nervous activity of brain, improve thinking ability, lower blood pressure, and inhibit arteriosclerosis. The dark tea belongs to post-fermented tea, has a special processing process, particularly has special pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine due to the participation of microorganisms, and is rich in tea polysaccharide compounds which are considered by the medical field to be capable of regulating sugar metabolism in vivo (preventing diabetes), reducing blood fat, blood pressure, resisting blood coagulation and thrombus and improving the immunity of organisms.

The black bean contains high content of compound vitamins such as zinc, copper, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium, fluorine and the like, and the compound vitamins are very important for delaying human body aging, reducing blood viscosity and the like.

The purple cabbage is commonly called purple cabbage, is rich in nutrition, particularly rich in vitamin C, more vitamin E and vitamin B groups, and rich in anthocyanin and cellulose.

The germinated brown rice contains a large amount of enzymes such as the enzyme, etc. which are activated and released and are converted into a free state from a combined state, the crude fiber shell of the germinated brown rice is softened by enzymolysis, partial protein is decomposed into amino acid, starch is converted into saccharide, the sensory property and flavor of food are improved, and rich vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber nutrient components are reserved.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the growth characteristics, the susceptible diseases and the ingestion habits of the crayfish, the feed additive in the feed mainly selects natural and safe Chinese herbal medicine components, follows the preparation principle of 'monarch, minister, assistant and guide', and finally determines the types and the optimal dosage of the Chinese herbal medicine through repeated tests and verification, so that the various Chinese herbal medicine components are synergistic and mutually promoted, the accumulation of anthocyanin of the crayfish during the shelling period is promoted, the disease resistance of the crayfish is further improved, and the survival rate of the crayfish is improved.

2. The coarse cereals such as the buckwheat flour, the germinated brown rice, the sorghum flour and the like in the feed are used as raw materials, so that the feed is good in palatability, and the crayfish meat is chewier. The addition of the silkworm chrysalis powder and the maca powder can activate the vitality of the crayfish, so that crayfish eating activities are more frequent, and the cultivation period of the crayfish is shortened.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The compound feed for the freshwater crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

46 parts of sorghum flour, 24 parts of peanut powder, 6 parts of buckwheat flour, 15 parts of bean pulp, 16 parts of germinated brown rice, 21 parts of rapeseed cakes, 9 parts of silkworm chrysalis powder, 1 part of maca powder, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 6 parts of rice bran, 0.6 part of compound vitamin and 3 parts of feed additive. The compound vitamin is a vitamin mixture of vitamin A, vitamin E and pantothenic acid.

The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

1) weighing 21 parts of houttuynia cordata, 22 parts of black soya bean, 15 parts of black sesame, 12 parts of black tea, 10 parts of laver, 10 parts of purple cabbage, 6 parts of angelica dahurica, 4 parts of seaweed, 13 parts of castor oil and 50 parts of rice bran in parts by weight for later use;

2) firstly, mixing weighed cordate houttuynia, black soya bean, black sesame, black tea, laver, purple cabbage, angelica dahurica and seaweed, adding 16 times of water by weight, and then pulping to obtain pulp; then carrying out microwave treatment on the slurry, and stirring the slurry on a water bath shaking table at the constant temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain microwave treatment liquid;

3) boiling and extracting the microwave treatment liquid obtained in the step 2) for 2 times, 2h each time, combining the extracting solutions, concentrating and drying to obtain a forage extract;

4) mixing the forage extract, castor oil and rice bran, and stirring.

Example 2

The compound feed for the freshwater crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40 parts of sorghum flour, 30 parts of peanut powder, 4 parts of buckwheat flour, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of germinated brown rice, 15 parts of rapeseed cakes, 6 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.5 part of maca powder, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 4 parts of zeolite powder, 0.2 part of compound vitamin and 2 parts of feed additive. The compound vitamin is a vitamin mixture of vitamin A, vitamin E and pantothenic acid.

The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

1) weighing 26 parts of houttuynia cordata, 18 parts of black soya bean, 18 parts of black sesame, 16 parts of black tea, 10 parts of laver, 9 parts of purple cabbage, 8 parts of angelica dahurica, 6 parts of seaweed, 16 parts of castor oil and 60 parts of medical stone for later use;

2) firstly, mixing weighed houttuynia cordata, black soya bean, black sesame, black tea, laver, purple cabbage, angelica dahurica and seaweed, adding 10 times of water by weight, and then pulping to obtain pulp; then carrying out microwave treatment on the slurry, and stirring the slurry on a water bath shaker at the constant temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain microwave treatment liquid;

3) boiling and extracting the microwave treatment liquid obtained in the step 2) for 3 times, each time for 1h, combining the extracting solutions, concentrating and drying to obtain a forage extract;

4) mixing the forage extract, castor oil and Maifanitum, and stirring.

Example 3

The compound feed for the freshwater crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

50 parts of sorghum flour, 20 parts of peanut powder, 8 parts of buckwheat flour, 10 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of germinated brown rice, 25 parts of rapeseed cakes, 12 parts of silkworm chrysalis powder, 1.5 parts of maca powder, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 8 parts of zeolite powder, 0.8 part of compound vitamin and 4 parts of feed additive. The compound vitamin is a vitamin mixture of vitamin A, vitamin E and pantothenic acid.

The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

1) weighing 19 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16 parts of black soya bean, 15 parts of black sesame, 10 parts of black tea, 8 parts of laver, 8 parts of purple cabbage, 7 parts of angelica dahurica, 5 parts of seaweed, 14 parts of castor oil and 55 parts of corn protein powder for later use;

2) firstly, mixing the weighed cordate houttuynia, black soya bean, black sesame, black tea, laver, purple cabbage, angelica dahurica and seaweed, adding 20 times of water by weight, and then pulping to obtain pulp; then carrying out microwave treatment on the slurry, and stirring the slurry on a water bath shaking table at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain microwave treatment liquid;

3) boiling and extracting the microwave treatment liquid obtained in the step 2) for 2 times, 2h each time, combining the extracting solutions, concentrating and drying to obtain a forage extract;

4) mixing the forage extract, castor oil and corn protein powder, and stirring.

Test examples

200 healthy crayfish in the growth period were randomly divided into 4 groups, and the crayfish in the growth period including example 1, example 2, and example 3 was fed to each of the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, and the experimental group 3 for 30 days, and the crayfish in the growth period was fed to the control group using a common fish feed, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. The compound feed for the freshwater crayfish is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40-50 parts of sorghum flour, 20-30 parts of peanut flour, 4-8 parts of buckwheat flour, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of germinated brown rice, 15-25 parts of rapeseed cake, 6-12 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of maca powder, 1-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 4-8 parts of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.8 part of vitamin complex and 2-4 parts of feed additive; the feed additive comprises raw materials of houttuynia cordata, black soya beans, black sesame, black tea, laver, purple cabbage, angelica dahurica, seaweed, castor oil and a carrier.

2. The freshwater crayfish compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

16-26 parts of houttuynia cordata, 16-26 parts of black beans, 12-18 parts of black sesame, 10-16 parts of black tea, 8-12 parts of laver, 8-12 parts of purple cabbage, 4-8 parts of radix angelicae, 3-6 parts of seaweed, 10-16 parts of castor oil and 40-60 parts of a carrier.

3. The freshwater crayfish compound feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carrier is selected from corn gluten meal, rice bran or medical stone.

4. The freshwater crayfish compound feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

21 parts of houttuynia cordata, 22 parts of black beans, 15 parts of black sesame, 12 parts of black tea, 10 parts of laver, 10 parts of purple cabbage, 6 parts of angelica dahurica, 4 parts of seaweed, 13 parts of castor oil and 50 parts of a carrier.

5. The freshwater crayfish compound feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

1) mixing houttuynia cordata, black beans, black sesame, black tea, laver, purple cabbage, radix angelicae and seaweed to obtain a mixed forage, adding 10-20 times by weight of water, and pulping to obtain a pulp; performing microwave treatment on the slurry, and stirring the slurry on a water bath shaker at the constant temperature of 40-60 ℃ to obtain microwave treatment liquid;

2) boiling and extracting the microwave treatment liquid obtained in the step 1) for 2-3 times, wherein each time lasts for 1-2 hours, combining the extracting solutions, concentrating and drying to obtain a forage extract;

3) mixing the fodder extract, oleum ricini and carrier, and stirring.

6. The freshwater crayfish compound feed of claim 1, wherein the multivitamin compound is a vitamin mixture of vitamin a, vitamin E and pantothenic acid.