CN110786414A - 一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂,其原料包括以下重量份的组分:黄芪22‑26份、柴胡28‑32份、黄芩22‑27份、金银花23‑26份、地锦草38‑42份、半枝莲38‑42份、葛根24‑27份、连翘23‑27份、玄参28‑33份、麦冬28‑33份、生地23‑26份、甘草22‑26份。本发明成分配比合理,以中药作为发酵原料,利用优选的乳酸菌对中间物质进行生物转化,制成无毒、绿色、易吸收、抗菌活性明显增强的中药微生态制剂,使药效得到明显改善。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发酵中药添加剂技术领域,具体是一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)感染家猪和野猪引起一种急性、出血性的烈性传染病。该病是我国乃至全球重点防范的一类动物疫情。病毒可经过口和上呼吸道系统进入猪体,在鼻咽部或是扁桃体发生感染,然后迅速蔓延到下颌淋巴结,通过淋巴和血液遍布全身。强毒感染时细胞变化很快,在呈现明显的刺激反应前,细胞都已死亡,发病过程短,最急性和急性感染死亡率高达100%,临床表现为发热,心跳加快,呼吸困难,部分咳嗽,眼、鼻有浆液性或粘液性脓性分泌物,皮肤发绀,淋巴结、肾、胃肠粘膜明显出血。2007年以来,非洲猪瘟在全球多个国家发生、扩散、流行,特别是俄罗斯及其周边地区,2018年8月3日我国确诊首例非洲猪瘟疫情。非洲猪瘟不是“人畜共患病”,只传染猪不传染人,但对猪来说是非常致命的,给养猪行业带来巨大损失。
近年来,虽有部分治疗非洲猪瘟(ASF)的药物研发出来,但其治疗效果慢,病情易反复、治疗不彻底,而非洲猪瘟(ASF)发病快,传染性强,急性死亡率高,感染病毒的动物大多会在治疗过程中死亡,即使部分感染猪症状缓解,但病情复发的概率较大,且部分药物含有大量的抗生素,用药后,导致体内遗留大量抗生素。另一方面,目前用于治疗非洲猪瘟的中药制剂口服治疗效果较差,且多数抗菌活性成分会被消化系统快速分解和代谢,失去治疗效果。目前,还没有研发出快速、彻底、高效和安全的治疗非洲猪瘟(ASF)的口服药品,感染非洲猪瘟(ASF)后只能采取当即宰杀、隔离防传染方式。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种预防非洲猪瘟(ASF)的发酵中药添加剂及其制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂,其原料包括以下重量份的组分:黄芪22-26份、柴胡28-32份、黄芩22-27份、金银花23-26份、地锦草38-42份、半枝莲38-42份、葛根24-27份、连翘23-27份、玄参28-33份、麦冬28-33份、生地23-26份、甘草22-26份。
一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂,其原料包括以下重量份的组分:黄芪25份、柴胡30份、黄芩25份、金银花25份、地锦草40份、半枝莲40份、葛根25份、连翘25份、玄参30份、麦冬30份、生地25份、甘草25份。
一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:选取黄芪、柴胡、黄芩、金银花、地锦草、半枝莲、葛根、连翘、玄参、麦冬和甘草并将各原料超微粉粉碎(500目)成粉料,然后按照每种原料的组分混合,得到混合粉料;
S2:将所述混合粉料和发酵培养基混匀后,接种益生菌,并于36-38℃发酵24-48h,得到液态发酵混合物;
S3:将所述发酵混合物于50-65℃进行喷雾干燥处理,得到所述发酵中药制剂,并打包入库。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述的益生菌为嗜酸乳杆菌。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述的发酵在发酵罐中进行,发酵的条件为:压强0.02-0.1kPa,搅拌转速为10-30r/min,pH值为6.0-7.0。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述混合粉料和所述发酵培养基的添加比例为(8~20)g:1L。
作为本发明进一步的方案:接种的益生菌为益生菌菌种的二级种子液;所述二级种子液的制备步骤包括:
(1)将益生菌菌种活化后,接种于种子培养基中,于36-38℃静止培养12-24h,得到一级种子液;
(2)将所述一级种子液按照2-10vol%的接种量接种于种子培养基中,并于36-38℃静止培养12-24h,得到二级种子液;
(3)按照所述二级种子液与所述发酵培养基的体积比为3-8vol%,接种所述二级种子液。
作为本发明进一步的方案:一级种子液与二级种子液制备所用的种子培养基配方均为:精制蛋白胨10克、酵母浸膏5克、葡萄糖20克、醋酸钠5克、柠檬酸铵2克、吐温80 0.1克、硫酸镁0.58克、硫酸锰0.28克、蒸馏水1000ml。
所述发酵培养基的配方为:精制蛋白胨10克、葡萄糖40克、醋酸钠5克、柠檬酸铵2克、吐温80合0.1克、硫酸镁0.58克、硫酸锰0.28克、蒸馏水1000ml;用10%氢氧化钠液调节pH6-6.5,121℃下高压灭菌15min。
本发明的抗病毒机理是:通过直接抑制作用和间接抑制作用来实现的。直接抑制作用通过对病毒的直接杀灭或阻止其复制来清除体内的病原体,而间接抑制作用则通过激活机体内NK细胞活性,来增强机体抵抗病毒的能力。
自然杀伤(NK)细胞是来源于骨髓淋巴样干细胞,不同于T、B细胞的第三类群淋巴细胞。NK细胞可以非特异直接杀伤靶细胞,既不需要由抗原预先致敏,也不需要抗体参与,且无主要组织相容性复合体(majorhistocompatibilitycomplex,MHC)限制。在当前条件下,NK细胞是抗非常猪瘟病毒的第一道防线,无需抗原预先致敏就可直接识别和杀伤非洲猪瘟病毒,能迅速发挥非特异性杀伤靶细胞的作用。NK细胞主要分布于外周血、肝脏和脾脏中。NK细胞通常处于休眠状态,信号因子激活后,会渗透到组织中攻击病毒感染细胞。
黄芪主要有效成份为黄芪多糖、皂苷类、黄酮类和氨基酸等;其药理作用为提高免疫功能,增强抗氧化,抗菌及抑制病毒作用黄芪可增加外周血中多核白细胞的数量,加强单核巨噬细胞系统功能,增强自然杀伤细胞(NKC)和LAK细胞(淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞)活性,通过对细胞免疫功能的双向调节来增强体液免疫,同时对补体系统的影响可诱生干扰素等细胞因子。
柴胡的免疫作用得益于其中的柴胡多糖,这一成分可增强细胞的吞噬功能,从而有助于清除外来病毒的入侵。保肝利胆:研究显示,柴胡煎剂具有促进胆汁分泌的作用,同时能恢复四氯化碳肝损伤大鼠的肝功能,因而具有保肝利胆。小白鼠注射柴多糖后,血液中IL-2及淋巴细胞含量上升,同时,激发NK活性。
黄芩为临床常用的清热燥湿药,主要含有黄酮及其苷类、萜类化合物及挥发油等成分,具有解热、抗炎、抗微生物、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等药理作用,对消化系统、心血管系统、神经系统等疾病具有一定的治疗作用。最新研究发现,汉黄芩苷能通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡而抑制恶性胶质瘤的生长,而汉黄芩素能上调自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)GraB等的表达,从而增强NK细胞活性。
中药在抗病毒过程中并非只是单纯一种机制起作用,通常是几种作用机制并存,相互交叉作用的结果。将中药提取物进行发酵处理,主要是将中药的大分子物质,经过微生物转化成为能够被机体肠道直接吸收的小分子成分,使中药成为快速吸收、定量疗效的新型药物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明成分配比合理,以中药作为发酵原料,利用优选的乳酸菌对中间物质进行生物转化,制成无毒、绿色、易吸收、抗菌活性明显增强的中药微生态制剂,使药效得到明显改善。
本发明的制备方法简单合理,对中药进行发酵,使得发酵中药结合了传统中药和益生菌的优点,且生产周期短,成本较低对中药进行发酵,使得发酵中药结合了传统中药和益生菌的优点,且生产周期短,成本较低。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供的一种中药微生态制剂,其中药复方的基料组成数据如表1:
表1、一种预防非洲猪瘟中药发酵制剂的应用试验分组
原料组成 | 1号料(份) | 2号料(份) | 3号料(份) |
黄芪22-26份 | 25 | 22 | 26 |
柴胡28-32份 | 30 | 28 | 32 |
黄芩22-27份 | 25 | 22 | 27 |
金银花23-26份 | 25 | 23 | 26 |
地锦草38-42份 | 40 | 38 | 42 |
半枝莲38-42份 | 40 | 38 | 42 |
葛根24-27份 | 25 | 24 | 27 |
连翘23-27份 | 25 | 23 | 27 |
玄参28-33份 | 30 | 28 | 33 |
麦冬28-33份 | 30 | 28 | 33 |
按照表1要求分别称取中药提取物,并按下述步骤,分别制备三组发酵中药添加剂(1号料、2号料、3号料)。
S2:将所述混合粉料和发酵培养基混匀后,接种益生菌,并于36-38℃发酵24-48h,得到发酵混合物;
S3:将所述发酵混合物于50-65℃进行喷雾干燥处理,得到所述发酵中药制剂(1号料、2号料、3号料),分开装包并标识待用。
实施预防非洲猪瘟案例1
安徽省霍邱县新店镇砟巴集村张**1390564**
张老板的养猪场,存栏能繁母猪80头,育肥猪620头。猪舍自南至北4幢,分别为南1-3幢为育肥猪、保育猪,且为场的入口处,最容易遭受外来疾病感染。而最北面为母猪舍,母猪舍外为农田,农田使猪舍与外界形成隔离区,不太容易遭受外来疾病感染。
为了避免1-3幢育肥猪、保育猪遭受非瘟感染,张老板自2019年3月份起,1-3幢育肥猪、保育猪按公司防非瘟方案,饲料中添加1号料按2公斤/吨,饮水中添加1号料按1公斤/吨,而第4幢母猪未使用未使用1号料。2019年5月10日,第4幢母猪(未用1号料)发病3头,经抗生素治疗无效,抽血送至县动物疫控中心实验室PCR非瘟检测均为阳性。1-3栋育肥猪(已使用1号料预防)进行非瘟PCR检测,结果均为阴性。
张老板决定继续按照公司非洲猪瘟预防方案,饲料与饮水中添加1号料。时至6月上旬,育肥猪一头未发病,按现行价8元一斤出售,净赚22万元。
整体分析:该场自5月10日发病,使用1号料后,至6月30日回访,全场猪群健康稳定!而离该猪场300多米处的猪场已发病捕杀。防与不防区别天壤之别!
实施预防非洲猪瘟案例2
河北省唐山市乐亭县**乡**村 赵×× 1370324×××× 存栏27头母猪,年出栏500多头育肥猪
2019年2月底,当周边有疫情出现的时候,自3月10号开始使用2号料给猪场做预防。
给药方式:饲料中添加2号料按1公斤/吨;饮水中添加2号料按1公斤/吨。
很快地,当周边陆续有猪场发病,全村猪场也捕杀殆尽,而赵老板的猪场却持续稳定、高产。截至2019年7月4日猪场依然安康,无一例病情发生。
实施预防非洲猪瘟案例3
河南省驻马店**猪场,夏老板1330396****,存栏母猪400余头。
夏老板的猪场位于河南省驻马店,存栏母猪头数400余头。
2019年3月15日至今,使用3号料
给药方式:饲料中添加3号料按1公斤/吨;饮水中添加3号料,按1公斤/吨;第一个月使用15天停15天;第二个月开始,每月喂10天,停20天。
使用效果:当前非洲猪瘟严重威胁养猪业的情况下,该猪场周边大部分猪场因感染非洲猪瘟而死淘100%,而该猪场的情况至今很好。
自2019年3月份,市场投放预防非洲猪瘟中药发酵制剂以来,已有183家中小型猪场的试验成功案例(见表2)。
部分预防非洲猪瘟中药发酵制剂应用试验成功案例表2
综上所述:本发明提供的一种中药微生态制剂成分配比合理,以中药作为发酵原料,利用优选的乳酸菌对中间物质进行生物转化,制成无毒、绿色、易吸收、抗菌活性明显增强的中药微生态制剂,使药效得到明显改善,本发明提供的一种中药发酵制剂的制备方法简单合理,对中药进行发酵,使得发酵中药结合了传统中药和益生菌的优点,且生产周期短,成本较低。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (9)
1.一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂,其特征在于,其原料包括以下重量份的组分:黄芪22-26份、柴胡28-32份、黄岑22-27份、金银花23-26份、地锦草38-42份、半枝莲38-42份、葛根24-27份、连翘23-27份、玄参28-33份、麦冬28-33份、生地23-26份、甘草22-26份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂,其特征在于,其原料包括以下重量份的组分:黄芪25份、柴胡30份、黄芩25份、金银花25份、地锦草40份、半枝莲40份、葛根25份、连翘25份、玄参30份、麦冬30份、生地25份、甘草25份。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的一种预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:选取黄芪、柴胡、黄芩、金银花、地锦草、半枝莲、葛根、连翘、玄参、麦冬和甘草并将各原料超微粉粉碎(500目)成粉料,然后按照每种原料的组分混合,得到混合粉料;
S2:将所述混合粉料和发酵培养基混匀后,接种益生菌,并于36-38℃发酵24-48h,得到液态发酵混合物;
S3:将所述发酵混合物于50-65℃进行喷雾干燥处理,得到所述发酵中药制剂,并打包入库。
4.根据权利要求3所述的预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的益生菌为嗜酸乳杆菌。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的发酵在发酵罐中进行,发酵的条件为:压强0.02-0.1kPa,搅拌转速为10-30r/min,pH值为6.0-7.0。
6.根据权利要求5所述的预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合粉料和所述发酵培养基的添加比例为(8~20)g:1L。
7.根据权利要求3-6任一所述的预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,接种的益生菌为益生菌菌种的二级种子液;所述二级种子液的制备步骤包括:
(1)将益生菌菌种活化后,接种于种子培养基中,于36-38℃静止培养12-24h,得到一级种子液;
(2)将所述一级种子液按照2-10vol%的接种量接种于种子培养基中,并于36-38℃静止培养12-24h,得到二级种子液;
(3)按照所述二级种子液与所述发酵培养基的体积比为3-8vol%,接种所述二级种子液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述发酵培养基的配方为:精制蛋白胨10克、葡萄糖40克、醋酸钠5克、柠檬酸铵2克、吐温80合0.1克、硫酸镁0.58克、硫酸锰0.28克、蒸馏水1000ml;用10%氢氧化钠液调节pH6-6.5,121℃下高压灭菌15min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的预防非洲猪瘟的发酵中药添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述种子培养液的配方为:精制蛋白胨10克、酵母浸膏5克、葡萄糖20克、醋酸钠5克、柠檬酸铵2克、吐温80 0.1克、硫酸镁0.58克、硫酸锰0.28克、蒸馏水1000ml。
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