CN110786228B

CN110786228B - Method for cultivating peas

Info

Publication number: CN110786228B
Application number: CN201911196701.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 喻敏; 麦靖文; 乔美星; 王芳; 李学文; 刘敏敏
Original assignee: Foshan University
Current assignee: Foshan University
Priority date: 2019-11-29
Filing date: 2019-11-29
Publication date: 2021-10-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-29
Also published as: CN110786228A

Abstract

The invention relates to an application of boron fertilizer in preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas, and provides a water culture nutrient solution for preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas, which comprises the following components in part by weight: wherein the content of boron element is 0.1081-2.162 ppm. The invention provides a water culture nutrient solution containing a high-dosage boron element, and peas are cultured by using the water culture nutrient solution, so that powdery mildew of peas can be effectively prevented and treated, and the growth and development of pea plants are positively promoted. The problems of environmental pollution, residue, food safety, pathogenic bacteria drug resistance and the like can not be caused, and the green sustainable development requirement can be met while the effective prevention and treatment effect on the pea powdery mildew can be exerted.

Description

Method for cultivating peas

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant medicinal products, and particularly relates to application of boric fertilizer in preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas.

Background

Powdery mildew is a worldwide disease which is common, seriously harmful and difficult to control on many important crops. The infection law of powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria is as follows: pathogenic bacteria conidium germinates to generate attached spore, the attached spore penetrates through the plant cuticle and the epidermal cell wall to enter epidermal cells, a sucker is formed in the epidermal cells at first to absorb nutrients from the plant cells, hyphae growing on the conidium spread among the cells, and conidiophores are formed on the hyphae surface to generate conidia to start a new infection period. The Species of powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria is numerous, 1753, Linnaeus et al, for the first time, in their published monograph plant Species, the classification of powdery mildew was described, and the powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria were named Mucorerysiphe L. 1900 for the first time, and Salmon was classified on the basis of morphology into 6 genera, 49 Species and 11 subspecies. In general, powdery mildew species also differ from plant to plant. Most of the powdery mildew germs can only infect one or a few host plants, and only a few of the powdery mildew germs can infect a plurality of host plants.

Pea (pisumativum L.) is the third soybean crop in the world, grown in nearly 90 countries throughout the world, and is one of the major protein sources for humans and animals. Peas have been cultivated in China for over 2000 years and are widely cultivated all over the country as raw materials of vegetables, grains, feed and the like. According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United nations, the yield of dry pea seeds in China in 2013 is 138 ten thousand tons, the dry pea seeds live in the world 2 nd place and are second to Canada, and in addition, China is the largest country for producing vegetable peas in the world. Pea powdery mildew is one of the most important diseases for restricting pea production. Pea powdery mildew is a plant disease mainly caused by airborne pea powdery mildew (erysipheipisi DC), which belongs to the ascomycotina erysipes order fungi. Powdery mildew of peas can occur in the whole growth period of peas, mostly occurs in the middle and later growth periods, mainly harms leaves, stems and pods of peas, and mostly begins from the leaves. The disease forms sporadic powdery spots on the surface of the leaves at the initial stage, the spots are not easy to be perceived, and the symptoms are gradually obvious along with the disease expansion, so that the affected parts present irregular powdery spots which are mutually combined and spread to the whole leaves, stems and pods. The leaf surface is covered with white powder during peak disease, resulting in rapid withering and yellow curling of the leaves. Small spots appear after the stem and the pod are infected, and the stem and the pod are covered when the disease is serious, so that the stem is withered and yellow, tender stems shrink, pods wither and shrink, and pod grains deform and die. Some of them have small black spots on the hypha layer in the later period of onset, i.e., cyst-occluding shells.

Along with global warming, the damage of powdery mildew to peas is becoming more and more serious, the annual yield loss of disease epidemic can reach 50%, the quantity and quality of fresh pods and seeds are also obviously reduced, large-area yield reduction of peas is directly caused, and the disease becomes an important worldwide pea disease. Therefore, the research on effective strategies for preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas has urgent practical significance. Chemical control is a common method for controlling pea powdery mildew, but the control effect of the bactericide is influenced by the spraying period, frequency, environmental conditions, drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and the like. In addition, the use of the bactericide not only increases the production cost, but also causes problems of environmental pollution, residue, food safety, drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide application of a boron fertilizer in controlling pea powdery mildew, so that pea powdery mildew can be effectively controlled through simple and green measures.

According to one aspect of the invention, a water planting nutrient solution for preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas is provided: wherein the content of boron element is 0.1081-2.162 ppm.

Preferably, the composition comprises a boron source for providing boron element, and the boron source comprises one or more of borax, boric acid and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate.

Preferably, the boron source is boric acid, and the content of the boric acid in the water culture nutrient solution is 0.618-12.36 ppm.

According to another aspect of the invention, a method for cultivating peas is provided, comprising the following phases: s1, soaking seeds by using a first nutrient solution, S2, accelerating germination, inserting the seeds obtained in the step S1 into a seedling tray, accelerating germination by using a second nutrient solution as a culture medium, and S3, cultivating the seedlings obtained in the step S2 by using a third nutrient solution as the culture medium in a growth stage; at least one of the first nutrient solution, the second nutrient solution and the third nutrient solution is the water culture nutrient solution for preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas.

Preferably, the second nutrient solution is a hydroponic nutrient solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for controlling powdery mildew of peas, wherein the boron content is 0.541 ppm to 1.622 ppm.

Preferably, the first nutrient solution is the water culture nutrient solution for preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas, and the boron content of the water culture nutrient solution is 0.108 ppm-0.216 ppm.

Preferably, the third nutrient solution is the water planting nutrient solution for preventing and treating pea powdery mildew, and the boron content of the third nutrient solution is 1.081 ppm-2.162 ppm.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of boric acid in the manufacture of a medicament or cultivation substrate for the prevention and/or treatment of pea powdery mildew.

According to another aspect of the invention, the water planting nutrient solution for preventing and treating pea powdery mildew is provided for use in preparing a medicament or a culture substrate for preventing and/or treating pea powdery mildew.

The invention provides a water culture nutrient solution containing a high-dosage boron element, and peas are cultured by using the water culture nutrient solution, so that powdery mildew of peas can be effectively prevented and treated, and the growth and development of pea plants are positively promoted. The boron element with a certain dosage can generate effective elements with effective inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria of pea powdery mildew, wherein the medicament prepared by taking boric acid as a boron source can achieve the best pea powdery mildew prevention and treatment effect. The boron element is used as a necessary trace element for plant growth, is applied to the preparation of the medicament for preventing and treating plant diseases, does not cause the problems of environmental pollution, residue, food safety, pathogenic bacteria drug resistance and the like, can play an effective prevention and treatment effect on pea powdery mildew, and simultaneously meets the requirement of green sustainable development. In addition, in the culture solution for preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas prepared by the invention, boron is effectively used, so that a boron source can be provided by a single-element boron fertilizer in actual production. The single element boron fertilizer is one of single trace element fertilizers, and is formulated and issued according to the agricultural ministry, and the single trace element fertilizer belongs to the fertilizer category which is not registered, so that the production and the sale of the materials are more convenient. Therefore, the single-element boron fertilizer is used as the raw material of the pea powdery mildew prevention and control product, so that the waiting time for putting the product into production and selling can be effectively shortened, and the market opportunity can be favorably preempted. For research personnel, the way of obtaining the single-element boron fertilizer is multiple, and the raw materials are easy to obtain, so that convenience is brought to the development of the product for preventing and treating powdery mildew of peas.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a plant treated in example 3 at day 10 of the growth phase;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of a plant treated in example 3 with treatment III taken as a real object on day 10 of the growth phase;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of a plant treated with the method of example 3 at day 10 of the growth phase;

FIG. 4 is a photograph of a plant treated with treatment V in example 3 taken as a real object on day 10 of the growth phase;

FIG. 5 is a photograph of a plant from treatment VI of example 3 taken as a 10 th day during the growth phase;

FIG. 6 is a pictorial representation of the 10 th day after the treated VII plant of example 3 enters the growth phase;

FIG. 7 is a physical picture taken on day 10 of the plant treated with treatment VIII in example 3 entering the growth phase;

FIG. 8 is a pictorial representation of a 10 th day after the plant treated IX in example 3 enters the growth phase.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

Example 1

1. Experimental materials and instruments

The main experimental materials: the fertilizer comprises the following components of a single element boron fertilizer, pea powdery mildew (EPYN, obtained from Yunnan, China), sterilized deionized water, a paper sheet with the diameter of 5mm and a 96-well plate.

The main experimental apparatus: YXQ-LS-70A vertical pressure steam sterilizer, Shanghai Bingfeng industries, Inc.; BPMJ-150F type mold incubator, Shanghai-Hengscientific instruments Co., Ltd; vortex oscillator, ornamentals technologies ltd.

B, preparation of a boron fertilizer solution: dissolving a single-element boron fertilizer taking boric acid as a single boron source in sterile deionized water to prepare boron fertilizer solutions with boron element contents of 0.054 ppm, 0.108 ppm, 1.081 ppm and 2.162ppm respectively.

2. Antibacterial experiments

The experimental setup was as follows:

this experiment sets up 4 experimental groups and 1 control group, and the experimental group includes experiment 1 group, experiment 2 groups, experiment 3 groups and experiment 4 groups: in the experiment 1 group, a boric fertilizer solution with 0.054 ppm is used as a reference solution, in the experiment 2 group, a boric fertilizer solution with 0.108 ppm is used as a reference solution, in the experiment 3 group, a boric fertilizer solution with 1.081 ppm is used as a reference solution, and in the experiment 4 group, a boric fertilizer solution with 2.162ppm is used as a reference solution; the control group used sterile deionized water as the reference solution. 4 replicates of each group of the 4 experimental groups and the 1 control group are respectively arranged, and the numbers in the groups are (r) - ((r)).

And (3) experimental operation:

step 1: taking a paper sheet with the diameter of 5mm for autoclaving;

step 2: accurately transferring 10 μ L of the test solution with a liquid transfer gun, beating the solution onto a paper sheet, volatilizing the solution, beating 10 μ L again, and beating for 5 times in total;

and step 3: accurately sucking 20 mu L of bacterial suspension of Pisum sativum powdery mildew by using a liquid transfer gun, pumping into a 600 mL container filled with physiological saline, then putting the container into a vortex oscillator, fully oscillating and shaking uniformly, and pouring into a culture medium to ensure that the surface of the culture medium is just fully paved with the container;

and 4, step 4: placing the paper sheets obtained in the step 2 into a culture medium inoculated with pea powdery mildew bacterial suspension at intervals;

and 5: and (4) putting the culture medium operated in the step (4) into an incubator, culturing at 20 ℃, observing whether a bacteriostatic zone exists after culturing for 24 hours, and recording experimental data.

3. Results of the experiment

The experimental results of the antibacterial experiments have been listed in table 1: in the culture dishes that the control group and the experiment 1 group correspond respectively, the periphery of the paper sheet which absorbs the solution to be tested has no bacteriostatic zone, and in the culture dishes that the experiment 2 group, the experiment 3 group and the experiment 4 group correspond respectively, the periphery of the paper sheet which absorbs the solution to be tested has obvious bacteriostatic zone, and in addition, along with the content rise of boron element in the solution to be tested, the range of the bacteriostatic zone is increased. The boron fertilizer solution with the boron element content of 0.108 ppm-2.162 ppm can effectively inhibit powdery mildew of pea.

Example 2

In this embodiment, 4 kinds of first nutrient solutions, 5 kinds of second nutrient solutions, and 5 kinds of third nutrient solutions are prepared by using 3 kinds of single-element boron fertilizers, respectively. The selected single-element boron fertilizer comprises: the boron fertilizer I takes boric acid as a sole boron source; b fertilizer II, using borax as the only boron source; and the boric fertilizer III takes sodium octaborate tetrahydrate as the only boron source. The 4 kinds of first nutrient solutions to be prepared are respectively numbered as follows: 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D, and respectively numbering 5 second nutrient solutions to be prepared as follows: 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E, and respectively numbering 5 third nutrient solutions to be prepared as follows: 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E. The compositions of pea hydroponics nutrient solutions prepared in this example are shown in tables 2-4, and the respective culture solutions were prepared in glass containers at normal temperature according to the composition components of the respective culture solutions.

Example 3

1. Pea hydroponic experiment

In this example, 9 treatment groups were set using 14 culture solutions prepared in example 1, and a pea cultivation experiment was performed using the pea powdery mildew variety of dam pea No. 6. The combinations of culture liquids used in the treatment groups of this example are shown in Table 5.

The pea cultivation experiment for treating I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII comprises the following stages:

s1, seed soaking stage:

the seeds with good quality were selected, immersed in the first culture solution for 20 minutes at room temperature, and washed 5 times with sterile ultrapure water.

S2, accelerating germination:

washing pea seeds with clear water and sterile water twice, uniformly sowing the pea seeds in a plastic seedling raising tray, and adding a second culture solution into the seedling raising tray; the double-layer seedling planting tray is selected, two layers of wet cotton gauze are paved on the double-layer seedling planting tray, excessive water can be seeped out, the breathing and ventilation of seeds are facilitated, a proper amount of clear water is sprayed every 3 hours after the seeding, the gauze is kept wet, the seedling is cultured for 3 days under the dark condition of 24-26 ℃, and the germination acceleration is finished when most seeds germinate about 2 cm.

S3, growth stage:

performing illumination culture on the obtained germinated seedlings, and taking a third culture solution as a culture medium; the illumination setting mode is that the light supplement lamp is used for providing light intensity of 500-600 mu mol/m2 & s for 16-hour illumination culture and 8-hour dark culture, and the light intensity culture and the dark culture are alternately carried out every day; the temperature setting was 26 ℃ during the day and 22 ℃ at night.

The pea cultivation experiment treated IX included the following stages:

s1, seed soaking stage:

S2, accelerating germination:

S3, growth stage:

performing illumination culture on the obtained germinated seedlings, and taking a third culture solution as a culture medium; the illumination setting mode is that the light supplement lamp is used for providing light intensity of 500-600 mu mol/m2 & s for 16-hour illumination culture and 8-hour dark culture, and the light intensity culture and the dark culture are alternately carried out every day; the temperature setting mode is that the daytime is 26 ℃, and the night is 22 ℃; 10% of Shibaoling colloidal suspension agent 1000 times of the solution is sprayed on pea seedlings every day.

2. Data acquisition mode

And (3) investigating the number of infected leaves and the disease level of the pea plants on the 10 th day after the pea plants enter the growth stage, and finally calculating the disease index of the pea plants of each treatment group.

The disease grading standard is as follows:

grade 0, no visible infection on the leaves;

grade 1, the area of single leaf covered by thallus is more than 0 percent and less than 10 percent;

2, covering the single leaf area by 10 percent or more thallus and less than 35 percent;

grade 3, covering the single leaf area by the thallus with the concentration of more than or equal to 35 percent and less than 65 percent;

4, covering the single leaf area by the thallus with the concentration of more than 65 percent and less than 90 percent;

grade 5, the area of the single covered thallus is more than or equal to 90 percent.

Disease index ═ Σ [ (number of diseased leaves at each stage × number of relative stage)/(number of investigated total leaves × highest-grade value) ] × 100;

3. results of the experiment

Boron is one of the essential micronutrients for plant growth and development, and when plants are seriously deficient in boron, the situation of no grain is usually generated, and even the plants are cachectic and can not grow normally. No boron element is contained in the culture medium of the treatment I, so that the plants corresponding to the treatment I grow slowly and slowly, are cachectic, have sparse and withered leaves and have small leaf surfaces, and therefore, the plants of the treatment I cannot be measured and counted normally.

The results of the treatments II to IX are shown in Table 6.

The treatment II adopts the culture medium containing low-dose boron element in three stages of pea cultivation, the shape and the number of the corresponding plants belong to normal level, the leaves are green, and the level of the boron element provided by the nutrient solution combination adopted in the treatment II is proved to meet the basic requirement of pea plant growth, however, as shown in figure 1, the surfaces of the leaves of the group of pea plants have obvious white spots, the disease condition of most leaves reaches 3 grades, and the disease condition grade of nearly 10 percent of the leaves reaches the highest grade 5 grade.

The treatment III adopts culture mediums containing high-dose boron elements in three stages of pea cultivation, as shown in figure 2, corresponding plants grow rapidly, have good root systems, are strong in plant shapes, have luxuriant leaves and full seeds, the comprehensive growth condition reaches the best of all groups, and no white spots are found on the leaves of the group of plants, so that the group of plants is judged to be plants without diseases. Proved that the nutrient solution composition adopted by the treatment III can not only promote the growth of pea plants, but also effectively prevent the pea plants from infecting the powdery mildew of pea.

The treatment IV, the treatment V and the treatment VI adopt culture mediums containing high-dose boron elements respectively at the seed soaking stage, the germination accelerating stage and the growth stage of pea cultivation, as shown in figures 3-5, the pea plants of the 3 groups of treatment groups all have different degrees of white spots, but compared with the treatment II, the covering condition of the white spots is improved to different degrees, wherein the liquid surface white spot covering area of the pea plants of the treatment V is the minimum. Therefore, the effect of inhibiting the pea powdery mildew can be achieved by increasing the boron element dosage in the culture medium in the seed soaking stage, the germination accelerating stage or the growth stage of pea cultivation respectively, wherein the effect of inhibiting the pea powdery mildew by increasing the boron element dosage in the culture medium in the germination accelerating stage of pea cultivation is most obvious.

The culture mediums adopted in the treatments II to VI all use boric acid as a unique boron source, and the disease indexes of the pea plants of the 5 treatment groups are in the following size relationship:

treatment III < treatment V < treatment VI < treatment IV < treatment II.

The culture medium containing high-dose boron elements is adopted in the treatment VII and the treatment VIII in three periods of pea cultivation, and when the treatment VII and the treatment VIII are different from the treatment III, borax is used as the only boron source in the culture medium adopted in the treatment VII, and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate is used as the only boron source in the culture medium adopted in the treatment VIII. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a small number of white spots were still found on the leaf surface of treated vii and treated viii pea plants. The disease indexes of the pea plants treated with III, VII and VIII are in the following size relationship: treatment II is more than treatment VII and less than treatment VIII. Therefore, the culture substrate containing high-dose boron elements can achieve the effect of inhibiting pea powdery mildew by using boric acid, borax and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate as boron sources, wherein the culture substrate prepared by using boric acid as the only boron source has the best effect of inhibiting pea powdery mildew.

The difference between the treatment IX which adopts a culture medium containing low-dose boron element in three stages of pea cultivation and the treatment II is that the treatment IX applies a commonly used bactericide, namely the schablone suspension concentrate for preventing and treating powdery mildew of pea to pea plants in the growth stage. As shown in FIG. 8, no obvious white spots appeared on the surface of the plants in the treated group, and the plants in the group were judged to be plants without diseases. However, the growth of treated IX plants was inferior to that of treated III plants, and it was laterally demonstrated that the culture medium containing a high amount of boron not only prevented powdery mildew of pea, but also promoted the growth of pea plants.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating peas, characterized in that it comprises the following phases:

s1, soaking seeds by adopting a first nutrient solution in a seed soaking stage, wherein the content of boron in the first nutrient solution is 0.108-0.216 ppm;

s2, in a germination accelerating stage, inserting the seeds obtained in the step S1 into a seedling raising tray, and accelerating germination by using a second nutrient solution as a culture medium, wherein the content of boron in the second nutrient solution is 0.541 ppm-1.622 ppm;

s3, in a growth stage, a third nutrient solution is adopted as a culture medium to cultivate the seedlings obtained in the S2, and the content of boron in the third nutrient solution is 1.081 ppm-2.162 ppm.