CN110786195B

CN110786195B - Degradable covering material with biological insect prevention function

Info

Publication number: CN110786195B
Application number: CN201911143600.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨艳; 焦静; 李普旺; 杨子明; 宋书会; 王超; 周闯; 何祖宇
Original assignee: Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of CATAS
Current assignee: Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of CATAS
Priority date: 2019-11-20
Filing date: 2019-11-20
Publication date: 2022-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-20
Also published as: CN110786195A

Abstract

The invention provides a degradable covering material with biological insect prevention function, which comprises a plant fiber layer and a degradable composition layer, wherein the degradable composition layer comprises the following components: 52-76 parts of adhesive, 7-18 parts of natural hydrophobic modifier, 8-21 parts of plasticizer, 5-20 parts of filler, 0.2-1 part of defoaming agent and 0.5-8 parts of biological insect repellent. The double-layer covering material disclosed by the invention has the functions of moisture preservation, grass control and degradability, also has the function of insect prevention, can effectively avoid the problem that the straws are easy to be entrained by direct covering and returning to the field, can fix the straws on the surface of the soil, and avoids the reduction of soil moisture preservation and grass control capacity caused by exposure of wind, rain and rain.

Description

Degradable covering material with biological insect prevention function

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a degradable covering material with a biological insect prevention function.

Background

The mulching film is used as an auxiliary agricultural planting raw material, is introduced into China from the 80 th of the 20 th century, and makes outstanding contribution to agricultural production. At present, the application area in China reaches more than 3 hundred million and 5000 ten thousand acres. The mulching film has the functions of increasing the temperature and preserving the water of the ground, promoting the seed germination and the plant growth, improving the crop yield and the like. However, the application of the mulching film also brings some outstanding problems, the polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are used as raw materials for the common mulching film, the degradation of the mulching film processed by the materials in nature needs hundreds of years, and a large amount of the mulching film can remain on the ground surface or in soil after being used, so that the poor transmission of nutrient and moisture in the soil is caused, and the germination and growth of crops are influenced. For this reason, as early as the 20 th century, the research into rapidly degradable floor coverings and film recycling machines has begun. But the common film is easy to break in use, difficult to recycle mechanically and high in manual recycling cost. Therefore, the degradable ground covering materials are always the research focus of scientific research units and enterprises.

The invention discloses a degradable liquid mulching film and a manufacturing method thereof, and in Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN101445731A, the invention provides a degradable liquid mulching film which is prepared by using crop straw cooking slurry and papermaking black liquor as main raw materials and under the action of a film forming additive, enabling lignin, cellulose, polysaccharide and other polymers in the slurry or the black liquor to undergo a series of reactions such as sulfonation, crosslinking, copolymerization and the like, wherein the dosage per mu is 20-25L, and the unit square dry weight is only 15-18 g.

The application publication number of CN 110105727A of the Chinese invention patent discloses a full-biodegradable mulching film material for crops in irrigation areas, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the full-biodegradable mulching film material adopts poly (terephthalic acid) -adipic acid-butanediol ester as a main raw material, and the cost of the raw material is more than 2-3 times of that of the traditional PE.

The application publication number CN 109096786A of the Chinese invention discloses a degradable composite mulching film and a preparation method thereof, the degradable composite mulching film is formed by mixing, casting or brushing a fermentation product and a degradable high polymer material, the film thickness is 25mm, the degradable high polymer material accounts for 15-30%, the glue stock amount is large, wide-seam casting equipment is needed, the cost is high, and the degradable composite mulching film does not have an insect prevention effect.

The Chinese patent with application publication number CN 108496717A discloses a cultivation method for crushing straws in a black soil area of sand ginger and returning the crushed straws to summer corns. The method comprises the steps of crushing the straws to the length of less than 10cm when the wheat is harvested, and uniformly scattering the straws to cover the straws and return the straws to the field. Straw coverage has a relatively obvious soil moisture preservation effect, but the straws are easy to carry diseases of previous crops, and crushed straws are easy to be affected by wind and rain so as to be separated from the surface of the soil covered by the straws, so that the soil moisture preservation effect is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the material for covering soil is difficult to degrade, the price of degradable mulching film is high, the crushed straw is easy to induce diseases when being covered, the effect is influenced by weather, and the like in the prior art, and provides a degradable covering material with biological insect prevention function, wherein a degradable layer with biological insect prevention function is covered on the upper surface of a straw layer to bond loose plant fiber layers, simultaneously effectively exterminate the sick worm, the degradable layer all adopts degradable component, and is nontoxic harmless, can directly spout the surface of lower floor's straw with the help of traditional spraying apparatus, easy operation easily promotes, and the auxiliary agent addition is few, directly applies to the surface shaping of lower floor's straw through the spraying after dissolving in water, effectively promotes the straw still field, avoids loose straw layer to be blown away by natural wind, plays good moisturizing heat preservation effect to crops, promotes crops to grow.

Compared with the existing synthetic degradable mulching film and degradable liquid mulching film, the invention uses plant waste resources and a small amount of natural degradable high molecular materials for on-site forming, has low price, uses the biological insecticide, can kill germs and ova, reduces secondary plant diseases and insect pests generated by covering, effectively reduces the use of pesticides, and can effectively fix plant fibers such as straws and the like on the surface of soil, so that the whole covering period has good soil moisture conservation and fertility increasing effects, and the growth of crops is promoted.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a degradable covering material with biological insect prevention function, which comprises a plant fiber layer and a degradable composition layer, wherein the degradable composition comprises the following components: 52-76 parts of adhesive, 7-18 parts of natural hydrophobic modifier, 8-21 parts of plasticizer, 5-20 parts of filler, 0.2-1 part of defoamer and 0.5-8 parts of biological insect repellent, wherein the plant fiber layer is positioned at the lower layer, and active substances are fully decomposed into soil to play roles of preserving soil moisture and increasing fertilizer.

Optionally, the following components are included by weight: 70-76 parts of adhesive, 10-15 parts of natural hydrophobic modifier, 8-10 parts of plasticizer, 6-15 parts of filler, 0.4-0.7 part of defoaming agent and 0.5-8 parts of biological insect repellent.

Optionally, the following components are included by weight: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 72 parts of adhesive, 12 parts of natural hydrophobic modifier, 9.6 parts of plasticizer, 8 parts of filler, 0.4 part of defoaming agent and 4-6 parts of biological insect repellent.

Optionally, the binder is selected from at least one of a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof, a polyamine or a derivative thereof.

Optionally, the polysaccharide or its derivative is at least one selected from cyclodextrin, oxidized starch, cationic starch, etherified starch, esterified starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide.

Optionally, the polyamine or its derivative is at least one selected from wheat protein, corn protein, hydrolyzed protein, gelatin, collagen.

Optionally, the natural hydrophobic modifier is selected from at least one of natural rosin or its derivative, wax or its derivative, and natural latex or its derivative, and specifically may be selected from at least one of cationic saponified rosin size, anionic saponified rosin size, emulsified beeswax, emulsified carnauba wax, and natural latex.

Optionally, the plasticizer is at least one selected from polyols and polyamines, and specifically may be at least one selected from ethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of less than 5000, ethylenediamine, and triethanolamine.

Optionally, the filler is selected from at least one of carbon black, calcium carbonate, kaolin and calcined kaolin, and the filler mainly serves as a filling material to reduce the cost.

Optionally, in the carbon black, the mass ratio of the powder with the particle size of 5000 meshes or more is more than or equal to 90%.

Optionally, the antifoaming agent is selected from polyol fatty acid ester nonionic surfactants. Specifically, the surfactant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of decaglycerol hexastearate, hexaglycerol monostearate, triglycerol stearate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monooleate, and glycerol monolaurate.

Optionally, the biological insect-resist agent is at least one selected from tea seed cake, melaleuca alternifolia and eucalyptus.

Optionally, the biological insect repellent comprises the following components by weight: 50-80 parts of tea seed cake, 20-30 parts of melaleuca alternifolia and 10-20 parts of eucalyptus, and all the raw materials can be prepared into powder for convenient mixing.

Optionally, the plant fiber layer may be a pulverized material or may be used directly as a whole plant, and the material of the plant fiber layer includes but is not limited to agricultural product processing waste such as plant fiber waste, such as crop straw, chaff, fruit shell, bagasse, mushroom dregs, and the like.

Optionally, the stalks comprise the stems, leaves remaining after mature threshing of gramineous crops including, but not limited to, rice, wheat, corn, and the like.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the covering material, which comprises the following steps: the plant fiber is firstly scattered on the soil surface to form a plant fiber layer, and then the prepared water solution containing the degradable composition is sprayed on the plant fiber layer to form two layers of degradable covering materials. Part of the aqueous solution flows into the middle or lower part of the plant fiber layer to be bonded, the other part of the aqueous solution stays on the surface of the plant fiber layer, and the degradable compositions in and on the surface of the plant fiber layer can play a good role in preventing insects, and simultaneously effectively prevent the plant fibers from being separated from the covered soil surface under the action of external factors such as natural wind and the like.

Optionally, the amount of the plant fiber is 500-5000 kg/mu, including but not limited to 500 kg/mu, 600 kg/mu, 700 kg/mu, 800 kg/mu, 900 kg/mu, 1000 kg/mu, 1500 kg/mu, 2000 kg/mu, 2500 kg/mu, 3000 kg/mu, 3500 kg/mu, 4000 kg/mu, 4500 kg/mu, 5000 kg/mu.

Optionally, when the aqueous solution containing the degradable composition is sprayed to the plant fiber layer, the spraying amount of the aqueous solution containing the degradable composition per acre is 12-40kg, including but not limited to 12kg, 14kg, 16kg, 18kg, 20kg, 22kg, 24kg, 26kg, 28kg, 30kg, 32kg, 34kg, 36kg, 38kg, 40kg and the like, preferably 12-30 kg.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the double-layer covering material disclosed by the invention has the functions of moisture preservation, grass control and degradability, also has an insect prevention function, can effectively avoid the problem that plant fibers such as straws are directly covered and returned to the field and are easy to cause diseases, can fix the plant fibers on the surface of soil, avoids the reduction of soil moisture preservation and grass control capacity caused by exposure of wind, rain and rain, can be directly degraded after being turned into the soil, and is particularly suitable for planting vegetable crops.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-layer covering material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

Compared with the existing degradable mulching film and degradable liquid mulching film, the invention uses plant waste resources and natural degradable high polymer materials, has low price, and uses the biological insect-resist agent to reduce the secondary plant diseases and insect pests generated by the covering and reduce the use of pesticides compared with the common straw covering material. The lower layer can be directly spread on the ground manually or mechanically, the upper layer can be directly sprayed on the surface of the lower layer by means of spraying equipment, and the method is simple to operate, easy to popularize, low in additive amount of the auxiliary agent, and non-toxic and harmless. The covering material prepared by the embodiment of the invention has the functions of insect prevention and complete degradation, and also has the functions of moisture preservation, grass control and soil nutrition addition, and is particularly suitable for planting vegetable crops such as hot peppers and the like.

As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a covering material in an embodiment of the invention, a straw layer 2 and a degradable layer 3 are sequentially covered on a soil layer 1.

Example 1

The preparation method of the degradable covering material with the biological insect prevention function comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a biological insect repellent: 50kg of 50-mesh tea seed cake powder, 20kg of 50-mesh melaleuca alternifolia powder and 10kg of eucalyptus powder are dispersed in 420kg of 20% (volume percentage) ethanol water solution, stirred for 2 hours at 50-60 ℃, the extracting solution is filtered by using 80-mesh, 150-mesh and 325-mesh sieves in sequence, the filtrate is biological insect-resist agent stock solution, the stock solution is distilled under reduced pressure to be dry, and the obtained powder is biological insect-resist agent, and the mass is about 4.3 kg.

(2) Preparation of degradable composition: 0.4kg of propylene glycol monooleate (defoamer) was added into 500kg of water, then 2kg of the bio-insect repellent powder and 8kg of precipitated calcium carbonate (filler) were added, dispersed at a high speed of 2000rpm for 30min, then the speed was decreased to 600rpm, 56.1kg of oxidized starch (water content 15%) was mixed with 28.1kg of sodium alginate (water content 15%) as an adhesive, dispersed in 485kg of water, and kept at 95 ℃ for 2h to completely dissolve it. Cooling to below 50 deg.C after dissolving, adding 9.6kg of glycerol (plasticizer) and 24kg of 50 wt% chitosan emulsified beeswax, and stirring to obtain the degradable composition.

The chitosan emulsified beeswax was prepared as follows: firstly, dissolving 1kg of chitosan in 99kg of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1% and the volume fraction of 60 ℃, heating to 85 ℃ after dissolving, then adding 100kg of beeswax, and shearing at high speed of 2000rpm for 1 hour after dissolving, thus completing the preparation of the chitosan emulsified beeswax.

(3) Preparation of the covering material: firstly, uniformly throwing crushed corn straws with the length of less than 10cm on the surface of soil according to the amount of 1500 kg/mu, then uniformly spraying the degradable composition on the surface of the lower layer of straws in a spraying manner, wherein the spraying amount is 20 kg/mu, and after air drying, forming the completely degradable covering material with a two-layer structure.

To test the effect of this example, pepper seedling colonization was performed on soil covered with the material of this example, and compared to pepper growth without any material (CK1) and with degradable composition covered only with this example (CK2) or with ground corn stover covered only with 1500 kg/acre (CK 3). There are 2 groups of treatments, 4 repetitions, 8 cells in total, each cell area is 16m²The width and length of each cell are 1.6m and 10m, 4 pepper plants are planted in each cell in parallel, the pit distance is 40cm, 6 sampling points are arranged in each cell, and each sampling point is 1.92m²And observing the survival condition of the peppers, the damage condition of underground pests, the damping-off and the outbreak condition of the damping-off diseases in each treatment community every 5 days after the field planting. After harvesting, the yield per mu and the disease condition are counted, and the specific results are shown in table 1.

Example 2

the dosage of the biological insect-resist agent in the embodiment is 4kg, other process parameters and methods are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

the dosage of the biological insect-resist agent in the embodiment is 6kg, other process parameters and methods are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

From the experimental results, it can be found that the yield can be obviously increased by using straw mulching compared with the control, but the number of diseases can also be increased. The yield can be slightly increased by using the degradable composition, and the diseases of the plot are obviously reduced. From examples 1-3, it can be seen that increasing the amount of the biological insect-proofing agent can reduce the diseases and increase the yield, in example 1, although the average disease of the plot reaches 14 plants/plot, the yield per mu is as high as 900.2 kg/acre, which indicates that the straw has the functions of soil moisture conservation and fertility increasing.

In summary, the present invention provides a degradable covering material with biological insect-proof function, which has a two-layer structure. The lower layer is made of common straw or other plant fiber materials, the upper layer is a degradable composition, and the upper layer mainly comprises an adhesive, a natural hydrophobic modifier, a plasticizer, a filler, a defoaming agent and a biological insect repellent. The binder is selected from one or two of polysaccharide, polyamine and their derivatives. The natural hydrophobic modifier is selected from one or combination of natural rosin, wax, natural latex and derivatives thereof. The plasticizer is selected from low molecular weight polyol and polyamine. The biological insect-resist agent consists of tea seed cake, Melaleuca alternifolia and eucalyptus extract. The lower layer implementation method is that the auxiliary agent is directly spread on the soil surface manually or mechanically, the upper layer can be directly sprayed on the surface of the lower layer by means of traditional spraying equipment, the operation is simple, the popularization is easy, the addition amount of the auxiliary agent is small, and the auxiliary agent is non-toxic and harmless. The double-layer covering material disclosed by the invention has the functions of moisture preservation, grass control and degradability, also has the function of insect prevention, can effectively avoid the problem that the straws are easy to be entrained by direct covering and returning to the field, can fix the straws on the surface of the soil, and avoids the reduction of soil moisture preservation and grass control capacity caused by exposure of wind, rain and rain.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A degradable covering material with biological insect prevention function is characterized by comprising a plant fiber layer and a degradable composition layer, wherein the degradable composition layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 52-76 parts of adhesive, 7-18 parts of natural hydrophobic modifier, 8-21 parts of plasticizer, 5-20 parts of filler, 0.2-1 part of defoaming agent and 0.5-8 parts of biological insect repellent agent, wherein the plant fiber layer is positioned at the lower layer; the biological insect-resist agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of tea seed cake, 20-30 parts of melaleuca alternifolia and 10-20 parts of eucalyptus;

the adhesive is selected from at least one of polysaccharide or derivatives thereof, polyamine or derivatives thereof, the polysaccharide or derivatives thereof are selected from at least one of cyclodextrin, oxidized starch, cationic starch, etherified starch, esterified starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide, and the polyamine or derivatives thereof are selected from at least one of wheat protein, corn protein, hydrolyzed protein, gelatin and collagen.

2. The degradable covering material of claim 1, wherein the degradable composition layer comprises the following components by weight: 70-76 parts of adhesive, 10-15 parts of natural hydrophobic modifier, 8-10 parts of plasticizer, 6-15 parts of filler, 0.4-0.7 part of defoaming agent and 0.5-8 parts of biological insect repellent.

3. The degradable covering material of claim 1, wherein the degradable composition layer comprises the following components by weight: 72 parts of adhesive, 12 parts of natural hydrophobic modifier, 9.6 parts of plasticizer, 8 parts of filler, 0.4 part of defoaming agent and 4-6 parts of biological insect repellent.

4. A degradable covering material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the natural hydrophobic modifier is selected from at least one of natural rosin or derivatives thereof, wax or derivatives thereof, and natural latex or derivatives thereof.

5. The degradable covering material of claim 4, wherein: the natural hydrophobic modifier is at least one selected from cation saponified rosin size, anion saponified rosin size, emulsified beeswax, emulsified carnauba wax and natural latex.

6. A degradable covering material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the plasticizer is at least one of ethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol with the molecular weight lower than 5000, ethylenediamine and triethanolamine; the defoaming agent is at least one selected from decaglycerol hexastearate, hexaglycerol monostearate, triglycerol stearate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monooleate and glycerol monolaurate, and the filler is at least one selected from carbon black, calcium carbonate and kaolin.

7. A degradable covering material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the plant fiber layer comprises plant fiber waste, and the plant fiber waste comprises straw, chaff, shells, bagasse and mushroom dregs.

8. The method for preparing the degradable covering material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: firstly throwing the plant fiber to the soil surface to form a plant fiber layer, then spraying a pre-prepared aqueous solution containing the degradable composition to the plant fiber layer to form two layers of degradable covering materials, wherein the dosage of the plant fiber is 500-5000 kg/mu, and the spraying amount of the aqueous solution containing the degradable composition per mu is 12-40kg when the aqueous solution containing the degradable composition is sprayed to the plant fiber layer.