CN110776651B - 一种中空纳米材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012921 cobalt-based metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Co].[Co] RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- VLWBWEUXNYUQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt ruthenium Chemical compound [Co].[Ru] VLWBWEUXNYUQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 vesicles Substances 0.000 description 3
- LJHFIVQEAFAURQ-ZPUQHVIOSA-N (NE)-N-[(2E)-2-hydroxyiminoethylidene]hydroxylamine Chemical compound O\N=C\C=N\O LJHFIVQEAFAURQ-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLEHARMPZLEARZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=[N+]([O-])CN\C1=N/O Chemical class NC1=[N+]([O-])CN\C1=N/O NLEHARMPZLEARZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCBr VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNHMHGUJWNKTPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC/1=[N+](C(N\C\1=N/O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCCCCCCC)[O-] Chemical compound NC/1=[N+](C(N\C\1=N/O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OCCCCCCCC)[O-] XNHMHGUJWNKTPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005287 template synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种中空纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将过渡金属有机框架配合物与金属盐水溶液在溶剂中混合,并在60‑70℃下反应,反应结束后,得到所述中空纳米材料;其中,金属盐水溶液包括水解后呈酸性的金属盐。本发明利用金属盐水溶液蚀刻过渡金属有机框架配合物,金属盐水解产生的酸度以及金属离子与有机配体的配位作用,形成空心的纳米材料,整个合成过程绿色环保,试验简单温和、速度快、产率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种中空纳米材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
中空纳米材料是一类在固体壳内部具有空白的空间(空心)的材料,由于其空心形态相关的独特性质,近年来受到了越来越密切的关注。中空纳米材料的一些固有的特征,例如大比表面积、低密度和丰富的内部空隙空间,这种功能型材料被广泛用于催化、储能、生物医学、环保、化学传感、光学等领域,其独特的结构和可调成分为其带来了诸多优势与发展前景。
目前,空心纳米材料主要是通过模板介导的方法合成的,使用的是硬模板(如二氧化硅或聚苯乙烯)和软模板(如微乳液,囊泡、胶束甚至气泡)。通过吸附或者化学反应使产物或前驱体包覆在模板表面,形成核/复合结构,然后采用加热煅烧或化学反应的方法去除模板,而得到相应的中空纳米材料。外层壳的尺寸与模板尺寸息息相关。
硬模板法是以一定形状的固体粒子为模板来制备中空纳米材料。该法的特点是:都以具有一定尺寸的固体颗粒作为模板,模板的尺寸决定了空心球的尺寸,最后都要通过一定工艺除去模板,并且需要表面修饰才能使核-壳结构连接紧密。而该过程涉及煅烧的温度、时间、溶剂的选择等问题,这些因素都会对最终产物造成一定的影响,因此限制了该方法的大规模使用。如CN 104659358A公开了一种钴酸镍纳米中空多面体的制备方法,将金属有机框架配合物ZIF-67与硝酸镍的醇溶液混合均匀,在80-100℃温度条件下进行反应,然后在300-500℃下加热退火,该合成方法需要在高温下去除模板。
与硬模板法相比,软模板法不用具有固定形态、尺寸的固体粒子作为模板,而是选用微乳液滴、表面活性剂胶束、气泡、微囊、大分子聚集体、细菌等模板,省去了模板合成操作。其除去模板的过程也比较简单。缺点是:产物粒径大小不均一,对溶液环境(如pH、溶剂、离子强度等)要求高,并且需要使用大量有机溶剂制备(反相)胶束或(反相)微乳液,容易造成环境污染且产品产率较低,不适合大规模的生产应用。
现有的模板法制备中空纳米材料的过程,都需要最终去除这个模板,造成模板的浪费,与绿色环保的理念冲突;并且在去除模板的过程中需要用高温煅烧,强酸(氢氟酸)刻蚀等方式,都极具危险,且成本大;同时在使用上述模板法制备时,需要外加特定的条件才可形成前驱体,操作繁琐。
文献“Porous nano-structured Co3O4 anode materials generated fromcoordination-driven selfassembled aggregates for advanced lithiumionbatteries,Nanoscale,2014,6,9689-9694”报道了一种Co3O4多孔纳米材料的制备方法,该材料中的多孔是由实心Co-MOF纳米粒子堆砌后形成,并非真正意义的中空纳米材料。文献“Convenient Synthesis of Novel Nitrones:(Z)-4-Amino-5-hydroxyimino-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole 3-Oxides,Heterocycles,2009,78,1445-1452”报道了一种含碳、氮元素的有机配体,但是并未揭示该有机配体可用于制备中空纳米材料。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种中空纳米材料及其制备方法,本发明利用金属盐水溶液蚀刻过渡金属有机框架配合物,形成空心的纳米材料,不需额外去除模板,整个合成过程绿色环保,试验简单温和,速度快,产率高。
本发明的第一个目的是公开一种中空纳米材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将过渡金属有机框架配合物与金属盐水溶液在溶剂中混合,所述金属盐水溶液的pH值为2-2.2,并在60-70℃下反应,反应结束后,得到所述中空纳米材料;其中,所述过渡金属有机框架配合物中,有机配体包括如下结构式的结构:
其中,R为-H或-(CH2)n-1CH3,n=1~12中任一整数;
所述金属盐水溶液包括水解后呈酸性的金属盐。
进一步地,过渡金属有机框架配合物中的过渡金属为钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、锰(Mn)或铜(Cu)。优选地,过渡金属为钴。
优选地,R为C8烷基,即,有机配体包括如下结构式的结构:
优选地,过渡金属有机框架配合物为Co-MOF,该化合物由Co和(Z)-4-氨基-5-羟肟基-2-(4-正辛氧基苯基)-2,5-二氢-1H-咪唑-3-氧化物配位得到,具体合成方法参考文献“Porous nano-structured Co3O4 anode materials generated from coordination-driven selfassembled aggregates for advanced lithium ion batteries,Nanoscale,2014,6,9689-9694”。
进一步地,金属盐为三氯化钌(RuCl3)和/或三氯化铁(FeCl3)。
进一步地,过渡金属有机框架配合物与金属盐的质量比为6:4-10。优选地,当金属盐为氯化钌时,过渡金属有机框架配合物与金属盐的质量比为6:5;,当金属盐为氯化铁的时,过渡金属有机框架配合物与金属盐的质量比为6:9。
进一步地,具体反应时,将金属盐水溶液加入温度为60-70℃的过渡金属有机框架配合物的溶液中。
进一步地,溶剂包括水和有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂包括乙醇。
进一步地,反应时间为0.5-3h。
进一步地,金属盐水溶液的浓度为0.02-0.04mol/L。加入的金属盐水溶液的量,是由其水解程度决定的,其浓度设置保证整个反应体系的酸度为2-2.2即可,该条件下,可有助于形成中空纳米材料。优选地,氯化钌水溶液的浓度为0.0241mol/L,氯化铁水溶液的浓度为0.0308mol/L。
进一步地,在搅拌条件下回流反应。
进一步地,反应完全后,还包括离心、洗涤并烘干产物的步骤。
本发明利用独特的富含碳、氮元素的有机配体与过渡金属形成的实心纳米球,即过渡金属有机框架(MOFs),作为模板,进一步通过外加额外金属离子溶液,在60-70℃下回流搅拌,生成中空纳米材料。此技术在MOFs基础上,可以调控过渡金属种类含量以及相应的形貌,外加的金属盐也是多变的,最终形成的双金属元素组分的中空纳米材料。原料中的MOFs一方面作为自模板牺牲,为整体的中空形貌打下基础,另一方面分解出的金属离子与有机配体又参与了外壳的构建。而选用其他有机配体的MOFs,则不存在上述相互作用,不能形成中空纳米材料。整个蚀刻中空的过程是,外加的金属盐中的金属离子会先与原料MOFs外表面的配体发生配位反应,从而在球状MOFs的表面形成一层外加金属元素的MOFs配合物,而这层新的MOFs层在整个溶液酸度体系下是稳定的,类似于一坚固的外壳,但是里面的Co-MOFs由于在此酸度体系下不能稳定存在,所以慢慢的内部被蚀刻成中空结构,而外壳依然保持完整。这也依赖于本发明的有机配体在一定的酸度范围内的不稳定性而导致的。
本发明的第二个目的是公开采用上述制备方法所制备的中空纳米材料。
进一步地,所述中空纳米材料的粒径为400-500nm。
本发明的中空纳米材料包括壳层和内部的空心,其中,壳层的厚度为30-40nm,壳层元素包括过渡金属有机框架配合物中的过渡金属、有机配体和金属盐。
本发明的方法所制备的中空纳米材料可以在电催化反应中重复使用。
借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:
1、本发明利用过渡金属有机框架配合物作为模板,较之可以变化不同过渡金属,且有机配体仍然存在于中空纳米材料中。
2、利用过渡金属有机框架配合物与金属盐水溶液反应,金属盐水解产生的酸度以及金属盐水解产生的金属离子与有机配体的配位作用,形成外壳,不需额外去除模板。
3、整个合成过程蚀刻速度快,效率高,绿色环保,试验简单温和,产率高。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合详细附图说明如后。
附图说明
图1是Co-MOF的扫描电镜图,透射电镜图和能量色散X射线光谱仪分析结果;
图2是实施例2制备的中空纳米材料的扫描电镜图,透射电镜图和能量色散X射线光谱仪分析结果;
图3是实施例3制备的中空纳米材料的扫描电镜图,透射电镜图和能量色散X射线光谱仪分析结果;
图4是CoRu-MOF钴钌双组分中空纳米材料用作HER催化的LSV图及在10mA/cm2恒电流下的电压随时间变化的稳定性图;
图5a是CoFe-MOF钴铁双组分中空纳米材料用作HER催化的LSV图及在10mA/cm2恒电流下的电压随时间变化的稳定性图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:合成Co-MOF
首先,按照文献“Convenient Synthesis ofNovel Nitrones:(Z)-4-Amino-5-hydroxyimino-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole 3-Oxides,Heterocycles,2009,78,1445-1452”的方法合成有机配体HL10,有机配体的结构如下:
合成步骤分为4步:
第一步合成乙二肟:将盐酸羟胺与氢氧化钠在冰浴下反应,然后在温度10度以下滴加入乙二醛水溶液进行反应,30min后静置过夜得到白色固体产物。
第二步合成DAG:将一定量的盐酸羟胺与氢氧化钠在冰浴下反应10min后,加入乙二肟100度下反应5h后,静置于0-5℃下24h。得到结晶状产物。
第三步合成C-8醛:将一定量的对羟基苯甲醛、碳酸钾、溴辛烷溶于丙酮,55-60℃反应12-18h后,过滤滤液旋蒸,加入饱和碳酸钠乙醚萃取,得到淡黄色液体产物。
第四步合成HL10:先将一定量的DAG溶于乙醇,在加入C-8醛与对甲苯磺酸,在65℃下反应12-18h,过滤得到白色产物。
上述有机配体的结构中,苯环上所连接的烷氧基的链长可以变化,其长度可以为1~12个碳原子,或者苯环上的烷氧基可替换为氢或羟基。
然后,按照文献“Porous nano-structured Co3O4 anode materials generatedfrom coordination-driven selfassembled aggregates for advanced lithium ionbatteries,Nanoscale,2014,6,9689-9694”中的方法,在甲醇溶液中通过摩尔比为1:2的乙酸钴与有机配体(Z)-4-氨基-5-羟肟基-2-(4-正辛氧基苯基)-2,5-二氢-1H-咪唑-3-氧化物(即HL10)的简单配位反应合成Co-MOF。
图1中a图,b图和c图分别是Co-MOF的扫描电镜图(SEM),透射电镜图(TEM)和能量色散X射线光谱仪分析结果(EDS)。该Co-MOF材料的粒径为400-500nm。
实施例2:中空纳米材料的制备
取0.03g实施例1制备的Co-MOF自模板置于50mL圆底瓶中,加入10mL去离子水和10mL乙醇,室温搅拌30min;采用油浴加热至60到70℃,再向反应瓶中加入5mL浓度为5mg/mL的三氯化钌水溶液,搅拌3h;反应结束,将产物用乙醇离心洗涤三次,置于红外灯下烘干,即得到了CoRu-MOF钴钌双组分的中空纳米材料。
图2中a图,b图和c图分别是CoRu-MOF钴钌双组分中空纳米材料的扫描电镜图(SEM),透射电镜图(TEM)和能量色散X射线光谱仪分析结果(EDS)。从SEM和TEM图的结果都能看出与图1比较,原先实心球变成空心球,且尺寸相同。从EDS的变化中看出纳米材料中的金属组分由原料中的单一元素Co变成双组分元素Co和Ru。
实施例3:中空纳米材料的制备
取0.03g实施例1制备的Co-MOF自模板置于50mL圆底瓶中,加入10mL去离子水和10mL乙醇,室温搅拌30min;采用油浴加热至60到70℃,再向反应瓶中加入9mL浓度为5mg/mL的三氯化铁水溶液,搅拌3h;反应结束,将产物用乙醇离心洗涤三次,置于红外灯下烘干,即得到了CoFe-MOF钴铁双组分的中空纳米材料。
图3中a图,b图和c图分别是CoFe-MOF钴铁双组分中空纳米材料的扫描电镜图(SEM),透射电镜图(TEM)和能量色散X射线光谱仪分析结果(EDS)。从SEM和TEM图的结果都能看出与图1比较原先实心球变成空心球,且尺寸相同。从EDS的变化中看出纳米材料中的金属组分由原料中的单一元素Co变成双组分元素Co和Fe。
本发明以上实施例中所制备的中空纳米材料可以作为电解水析氢(HER)催化剂,在电催化反应中重复使用。图4a是CoRu-MOF钴钌双组分中空纳米材料用作HER催化的LSV图,图4b是材料在10mA/cm2恒电流下的电压随时间变化的稳定性图。图5a是CoFe-MOF钴铁双组分中空纳米材料用作HER催化的LSV图,图5b是材料在10mA/cm2恒电流下的电压随时间变化的稳定性图。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:过渡金属有机框架配合物与金属盐的质量比为6:4-10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂包括水和有机溶剂,所述有机溶剂包括乙醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应时间为0.5-3h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属盐水溶液的浓度为0.02-0.04mol/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应完全后,还包括离心、洗涤并烘干产物的步骤。
7.一种权利要求1-6中任一项所述的制备方法所制备的中空纳米材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的中空纳米材料,其特征在于:所述中空纳米材料的粒径为400-500nm。
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