CN110773741A - Preparation method of copper-aluminum composite metal material and composite metal material - Google Patents
Preparation method of copper-aluminum composite metal material and composite metal material Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a copper-aluminum composite metal material, which is characterized by comprising a melting step, an atomizing step and a spray forming step; a melting step: adding a first metal material into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, and melting the first metal material into a first metal material liquid at a set melting temperature; atomizing: transferring the first metal material liquid into an atomizing device, injecting atomizing jet gas into the first metal material liquid at a set atomizing temperature, and controlling the flow ratio of the atomizing jet gas to the first metal material liquid so as to atomize the first metal material liquid into liquid drops with a set size; and (3) injection molding: and spraying the atomized fine liquid drops of the first metal material liquid to the surface of the second metal material substrate by using the spray forming equipment at the set atomization spraying pressure, and preparing a first metal material layer with a set thickness on the surface of the second metal material substrate, thereby obtaining the composite metal material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal composite material preparation, in particular to a copper-aluminum composite metal material preparation method and a composite metal material.
Background
With the continuous progress of science and technology, the requirement of modern industry on the comprehensive performance of materials is difficult to meet by a single material. Composite materials are receiving increasing attention from the industry due to their programmable properties.
Aluminum and copper are widely used in industry and life as important metal materials.
The aluminum has the characteristics of light weight, rich rate and resource in China, low price and the like.
Copper has excellent performances such as good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and the like, but China's copper resources are in short supply and are expensive.
If aluminum is used as a matrix and a copper layer is coated on the outer layer, the obtained composite material has the excellent performances of the aluminum and the copper, has the excellent conductivity of metal copper, and can reduce the cost and save resources. At present, the common method for plating copper on the surface of metal is an electroplating method generally, which causes serious pollution and higher cost. Patent research shows that the preparation process of the green low-cost aluminum-copper composite plate becomes a research hotspot, and patents CN107971340A and CN108515085A both provide a rolling method of the copper-aluminum composite plate, but further intensive research is needed in the aspect of controlling the bonding strength of an aluminum-copper alloy interface.
CN107321985A discloses a high-strength spray-formed metal for pneumatic punching machine, the main forming materials of which are refractory silicon, vanadium, copper, niobium and tungsten, and the crystallization needs to be performed by using higher pressure (>50Mpa) after the completion of the liquid metal spraying, in order to solve the process problem of poor compactness of spray-forming.
In conclusion, the novel copper-aluminum composite metal material and the preparation method thereof have higher value and significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a copper-aluminum composite metal material and the composite metal material.
The preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material comprises a melting step, an atomizing step and a spray forming step;
a melting step: adding a first metal material into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, and melting the first metal material into a first metal material liquid at a set melting temperature;
atomizing: transferring the first metal material liquid into an atomizing device, injecting atomizing jet gas into the first metal material liquid at a set atomizing temperature, and controlling the flow ratio of the atomizing jet gas to the first metal material liquid so as to atomize the first metal material liquid into liquid drops with a set size;
and (3) injection molding: spraying the atomized fine liquid drops of the first metal material liquid to the surface of a second metal material substrate through spray forming equipment at a set atomization spray pressure, and preparing a first metal material layer with a set thickness on the surface of the second metal material substrate to obtain a composite metal material;
preferably, the first metallic material comprises commercially pure copper; the second metallic material comprises an aluminum alloy;
preferably, the atomizing spray gas comprises nitrogen; the nitrogen is dehydrated high-purity nitrogen with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent;
preferably, the atomization injection pressure is 1-1.2 Mpa;
preferably, the thickness of the first metal material layer prepared on the surface of the second metal material substrate ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5 mm;
preferably, the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material further comprises a pretreatment step;
a pretreatment step: cleaning the surface of a second metal material matrix by adopting NaOH solution with set concentration, removing oil stain, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the second metal material matrix, polishing the surface roughness of the second metal material matrix to a set value, sequentially cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using clear water, and drying;
preferably, the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material further comprises an annealing step;
and (3) annealing: keeping the composite metal material obtained in the spray forming step at a set first annealing temperature for a set annealing time, then cooling to a second annealing temperature at a set annealing cooling speed, and cooling to the set temperature by an air cooling or water cooling method;
aiming at the condition that the first metal material comprises industrial pure copper and the second metal material comprises aluminum alloy, the first annealing temperature range is 390-430 ℃; the annealing time range is 30-120 min; the annealing cooling speed range is 30-50 ℃/h; the second annealing temperature is not higher than 300 ℃, and then the second annealing temperature is cooled to room temperature by adopting an air cooling method.
Preferably, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10%; after the NaOH solution is treated, the surface of the second metal material substrate is cleaned by adopting a 5% sulfuric acid solution to remove an oxide layer, and then the sand blasting treatment can be carried out on the surface of the second metal material substrate.
The preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material comprises a melting step, an atomizing step and a spray forming step;
a melting step: adding a first metal material into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, and melting the first metal material into a first metal material liquid at a set melting temperature;
atomizing: transferring the first metal material liquid into an atomizing device, injecting atomizing jet gas into the first metal material liquid at a set atomizing temperature, and controlling the flow ratio of the atomizing jet gas to the first metal material liquid so as to atomize the first metal material liquid into liquid drops with a set size;
and (3) injection molding: spraying the atomized fine liquid drops of the first metal material liquid to the surface of a second metal material substrate through spray forming equipment at a set atomization spray pressure, and preparing a first metal material layer with a set thickness on the surface of the second metal material substrate to obtain a composite metal material;
the first metallic material comprises commercially pure copper; the second metallic material comprises an aluminum alloy;
the atomizing spray gas comprises nitrogen; the nitrogen is dehydrated high-purity nitrogen with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent;
the atomization injection pressure is 1-1.2 Mpa;
the thickness range of the first metal material layer prepared on the surface of the second metal material substrate is 0.5-1.5 mm;
the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material also comprises a pretreatment step;
a pretreatment step: cleaning the surface of a second metal material matrix by adopting NaOH solution with set concentration, removing oil stain, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the second metal material matrix, polishing the surface roughness of the second metal material matrix to a set value, sequentially cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using clear water, and drying;
the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material also comprises an annealing step;
and (3) annealing: keeping the composite metal material obtained in the spray forming step at a set first annealing temperature for a set annealing time, then cooling to a second annealing temperature at a set annealing cooling speed, and cooling to the set temperature by an air cooling or water cooling method;
aiming at the condition that the first metal material comprises industrial pure copper and the second metal material comprises aluminum alloy, the first annealing temperature range is 390-430 ℃; the annealing time range is 30-120 min; the annealing cooling speed range is 30-50 ℃/h; the second annealing temperature is not higher than 300 ℃, and then the annealing furnace is cooled to room temperature by adopting an air cooling method;
the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10 percent; after the NaOH solution is treated, the surface of the second metal material substrate is cleaned by adopting a 5% sulfuric acid solution to remove an oxide layer, and then the sand blasting treatment can be carried out on the surface of the second metal material substrate.
According to the composite metal material provided by the invention, the composite metal material is prepared by the copper-aluminum composite metal material preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material and the composite metal material provided by the invention have the advantages of simple and feasible method, environmental protection, easiness in operation, great improvement of binding force and the like.
The existing rolling method for compounding dissimilar metals is easy to form intermetallic compounds and interlaminar oxides between two metal joint surfaces, and is difficult to control and remove in the rolling process, so that the joint strength is greatly reduced, and the layering is easy to realize in the use process. The electroplating method is adopted for carrying out heterogeneous metal compounding, and a large amount of waste water containing heavy metals, various metal ions and cyanogen can be generated. By adopting the spray forming technology, on one hand, the influence of intermetallic compounds and oxides on the bonding surface in the rolling process is avoided, and the bonding force of dissimilar metals is improved. On the other hand, the spray forming technology is adopted, and chemical replacement is not required to be carried out by adopting a solution containing metal ions, so that a cyanogen-containing compound is not required to be adopted in the processing process, and the environmental pollution is reduced. The environmental friendliness is greatly improved.
The patent discloses a forming method without high-pressure crystallization, which greatly improves the density of spray-formed metal by controlling the technological parameters such as the spray diameter of metal liquid drops and the thickness of a sprayed metal layer, and obtains a composite material with better mechanical property by simple annealing heat treatment.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a copper-aluminum composite metal material preparation method provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the copper-aluminum composite metal material preparation method provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic process flow diagram of a third preferred example of a copper-aluminum composite metal material preparation method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material comprises a melting step, an atomizing step and a spray forming step;
a melting step: adding a first metal material into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, and melting the first metal material into a first metal material liquid at a set melting temperature;
atomizing: transferring the first metal material liquid into an atomizing device, injecting atomizing jet gas into the first metal material liquid at a set atomizing temperature, and controlling the flow ratio of the atomizing jet gas to the first metal material liquid so as to atomize the first metal material liquid into liquid drops with a set size;
and (3) injection molding: spraying the atomized fine liquid drops of the first metal material liquid to the surface of a second metal material substrate through spray forming equipment at a set atomization spray pressure, and preparing a first metal material layer with a set thickness on the surface of the second metal material substrate to obtain a composite metal material;
the first metallic material comprises commercially pure copper; the second metallic material comprises an aluminum alloy;
the atomizing spray gas comprises nitrogen; the nitrogen is dehydrated high-purity nitrogen with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent;
the atomization injection pressure is 1-1.2 Mpa;
the thickness range of the first metal material layer prepared on the surface of the second metal material substrate is 0.5-1.5 mm;
the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material also comprises a pretreatment step;
a pretreatment step: cleaning the surface of a second metal material matrix by adopting NaOH solution with set concentration, removing oil stain, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the second metal material matrix, polishing the surface roughness of the second metal material matrix to a set value, sequentially cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using clear water, and drying;
the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material also comprises an annealing step;
and (3) annealing: keeping the composite metal material obtained in the spray forming step at a set first annealing temperature for a set annealing time, then cooling to a second annealing temperature at a set annealing cooling speed, and cooling to the set temperature by an air cooling or water cooling method;
aiming at the condition that the first metal material comprises industrial pure copper and the second metal material comprises aluminum alloy, the first annealing temperature range is 390-430 ℃; the annealing time range is 30-120 min; the annealing cooling speed range is 30-50 ℃/h; the second annealing temperature is not higher than 300 ℃, and then the annealing furnace is cooled to room temperature by adopting an air cooling method;
the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10 percent; after the NaOH solution is treated, the surface of the second metal material substrate is cleaned by adopting a 5% sulfuric acid solution to remove an oxide layer, and then the sand blasting treatment can be carried out on the surface of the second metal material substrate.
According to the composite metal material provided by the invention, the composite metal material is prepared by the copper-aluminum composite metal material preparation method.
The embodiment 1 is a preferable example of the basic embodiment, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
adding metal copper into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace for melting to obtain copper liquid, injecting the copper liquid into an atomization device, atomizing and spraying the copper liquid to the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate with the surface being pretreated through high-pressure inert gas, and performing subsequent heat treatment to form the copper-aluminum composite material with good bonding force.
The method for spray forming of the copper-aluminum composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning the surface of an aluminum alloy matrix by adopting a NaOH solution with the concentration of 10%, removing oil stains, cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by adopting a 5% sulfuric acid solution, removing an oxide layer, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy, polishing the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy to 20-30 mu m, finally cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using clear water, and drying.
(2) Adding industrial pure copper into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is as follows: 1400 ℃ and 1450 ℃, the melted copper liquid is injected into an atomizing device which adopts nitrogen as atomizing gas. The atomization temperature is adjusted to 1200-1250 ℃.
(3) The nitrogen atomization pressure adopted by the injection is 1Mpa, the flow proportion of the nitrogen and the copper liquid is controlled, and the diameter of the copper liquid drop is ensured to be 20um.
(4) Spraying the atomized fine liquid drops of the copper liquid to the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate by using spray forming equipment to prepare a copper layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.5mm on the surface of the aluminum alloy
(5) Heating the prepared copper-aluminum composite material to 390-430 ℃; the heat preservation time is 30-120 min; cooling the mixture to 300 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 30-50 ℃/h, and then air-cooling. Forming the required copper-aluminum composite material.
The purity of the industrial pure copper is 99.9%.
The aluminum alloy substrate is 1 series, 2 series, 3 series, 4 series, 5 series, 6 series, 7 series aluminum alloy, and the like, and the shape of the plate, the cylinder or other complex shapes is in the protection scope of the patent.
The nitrogen gas is high-purity nitrogen gas after 99.9% dehydration.
The embodiment 2 is a preferable embodiment of the embodiment 1, and the technical scheme is as follows:
selecting materials: t2 pure copper is selected, and aluminum alloy is 3003 plates with the thickness of 2 mm.
Cleaning oil stains on the surface of an aluminum alloy 3003 plate with the thickness of 2mm by using a 10% NaOH solution, cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy 3003 plate by using a 5% sulfuric acid solution to remove an oxide layer, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy, polishing the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy to 20-30 mu m, cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using clear water, and drying. Adding industrial pure copper into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is as follows: and at 1450 ℃, injecting the melted copper liquid into an atomizing device which adopts nitrogen as atomizing gas. The atomization temperature was adjusted to 1200 ℃. The nitrogen atomization pressure adopted by the spraying is 1Mpa, the flow ratio of the nitrogen and the copper liquid is controlled, the diameter of the copper liquid drop is ensured to be 20um., the copper liquid is atomized into small liquid drops through spray forming equipment, the small liquid drops are sprayed to the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate, and a copper layer with the thickness of 0.5mm is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy. Heating the prepared copper-aluminum composite material to 390 ℃; keeping the temperature for 30 min; cooling the mixture to 300 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and then cooling the mixture in air. Forming the required copper-aluminum composite material.
The manufactured copper-aluminum composite material is detected, the tensile strength is more than 230MPa, the elongation is more than 7 percent, and the peel strength is more than 21N/mm.
TABLE 3 comparison of two forming methods for aluminum-copper compounding (2mm (aluminum)/0.5 mm (copper))
| Molding method | Tensile strength | Elongation percentage | Peel strength | Remarks for note |
| Roll forming | 248MPa | 6％ | 15.4N/mm | Commercial Jinji aluminum industry |
| Injection molding | 280MPa | 28％ | 21N/mm |
Embodiment 3 is a preferred example of embodiment 1, and the technical scheme is as follows:
selecting materials: t2 pure copper is selected, and the aluminum alloy is 3003 plate with the thickness of 1.5 mm.
Cleaning oil stains on the surface of an aluminum alloy 3003 plate with the thickness of 1.5mm by using a 10% NaOH solution, cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using a 5% sulfuric acid solution to remove an oxide layer, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy, polishing the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy to 20-30 mu m, cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using clear water, and drying. Adding industrial pure copper into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace for melting, wherein the melting temperature is as follows: and at 1450 ℃, injecting the melted copper liquid into an atomizing device which adopts nitrogen as atomizing gas. The atomization temperature was adjusted to 1200 ℃. The nitrogen atomization pressure of the spraying device is 1Mpa, the flow ratio of nitrogen and copper liquid is controlled, the diameter of the copper liquid drop is guaranteed to be 20um., the copper liquid drop atomized by the spraying forming device is sprayed to the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate, and a copper layer with the thickness of 1mm is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy. Heating the prepared copper-aluminum composite material to 420 ℃; keeping the temperature for 50 min; cooling the mixture to 300 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and then cooling the mixture in air. Forming the required copper-aluminum composite material.
The prepared copper-aluminum composite material is detected, the tensile strength is more than 235MPa, the elongation is more than 8%, and the peel strength is more than 23N/mm.
TABLE 4 comparison of two forming methods for aluminum-copper compounding (1.5mm (aluminum)/1 mm (copper))
| Molding method | Tensile strength | Elongation percentage | Peel strength | Remarks for note |
| Roll forming | 230MPa | 7 | 17N/mm | Commercial Jinji aluminum industry |
| Injection molding | 235MPa | 8％ | 23N/mm |
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a copper-aluminum composite metal material is characterized by comprising a melting step, an atomizing step and a spray forming step;
a melting step: adding a first metal material into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, and melting the first metal material into a first metal material liquid at a set melting temperature;
atomizing: transferring the first metal material liquid into an atomizing device, injecting atomizing jet gas into the first metal material liquid at a set atomizing temperature, and controlling the flow ratio of the atomizing jet gas to the first metal material liquid so as to atomize the first metal material liquid into liquid drops with a set size;
and (3) injection molding: spraying the atomized fine liquid drops of the first metal material liquid to the surface of a second metal material substrate through spray forming equipment at a set atomization spray pressure, and preparing a first metal material layer with a set thickness on the surface of the second metal material substrate to obtain a composite metal material;
the set thickness is in the range of 0.5mm to 1.5 mm.
2. The method for preparing a copper-aluminum composite metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first metal material comprises commercially pure copper; the second metallic material comprises an aluminum alloy;
in the atomization step, the range of the set size is 30um-50um for industrial pure aluminum and 20um for industrial pure copper.
3. The method for preparing copper-aluminum composite metal material according to claim 1, wherein the atomized spray gas includes nitrogen gas; the nitrogen is dehydrated high-purity nitrogen with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent.
4. The method for preparing copper-aluminum composite metal material according to claim 1, wherein the atomizing spray pressure is 1-1.2 Mpa.
5. The method for preparing copper-aluminum composite metal material as recited in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first metal material layer prepared on the surface of the second metal material substrate is in the range of 0.5-1.5 mm.
6. The method for preparing copper-aluminum composite metal material according to claim 1, further comprising a pretreatment step;
a pretreatment step: and cleaning the surface of the second metal material matrix by adopting NaOH solution with set concentration, removing oil stains, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the second metal material matrix, polishing the surface roughness of the second metal material matrix to a set value, sequentially cleaning the surface of the second metal material matrix by using clear water, and drying.
7. The method for preparing copper-aluminum composite metal material according to claim 2, further comprising an annealing step;
and (3) annealing: keeping the composite metal material obtained in the spray forming step at a set first annealing temperature for a set annealing time, then cooling to a second annealing temperature at a set annealing cooling speed, and cooling to the set temperature by an air cooling or water cooling method;
aiming at the condition that the first metal material comprises industrial pure copper and the second metal material comprises aluminum alloy, the first annealing temperature range is 390-430 ℃; the annealing time range is 30-120 min; the annealing cooling speed range is 30-50 ℃/h; the second annealing temperature is not higher than 300 ℃, and then the second annealing temperature is cooled to room temperature by adopting an air cooling method.
8. The method for preparing the copper-aluminum composite metal material according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10%; after the NaOH solution is treated, the surface of the second metal material substrate is cleaned by adopting a 5% sulfuric acid solution to remove an oxide layer, and then the sand blasting treatment can be carried out on the surface of the second metal material substrate.
9. A preparation method of a copper-aluminum composite metal material is characterized by comprising a melting step, an atomizing step and a spray forming step;
a melting step: adding a first metal material into a vacuum electromagnetic induction furnace, and melting the first metal material into a first metal material liquid at a set melting temperature;
atomizing: transferring the first metal material liquid into an atomizing device, injecting atomizing jet gas into the first metal material liquid at a set atomizing temperature, and controlling the flow ratio of the atomizing jet gas to the first metal material liquid so as to atomize the first metal material liquid into liquid drops with a set size;
and (3) injection molding: spraying the atomized fine liquid drops of the first metal material liquid to the surface of a second metal material substrate through spray forming equipment at a set atomization spray pressure, and preparing a first metal material layer with a set thickness on the surface of the second metal material substrate to obtain a composite metal material;
the first metallic material comprises commercially pure copper; the second metallic material comprises an aluminum alloy;
the atomizing spray gas comprises nitrogen; the nitrogen is dehydrated high-purity nitrogen with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent;
the atomization injection pressure is 1-1.2 Mpa;
the thickness range of the first metal material layer prepared on the surface of the second metal material substrate is 0.5-1.5 mm;
the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material also comprises a pretreatment step;
a pretreatment step: cleaning the surface of a second metal material matrix by adopting NaOH solution with set concentration, removing oil stain, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the second metal material matrix, polishing the surface roughness of the second metal material matrix to a set value, sequentially cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy by using clear water, and drying;
the preparation method of the copper-aluminum composite metal material also comprises an annealing step;
and (3) annealing: keeping the composite metal material obtained in the spray forming step at a set first annealing temperature for a set annealing time, then cooling to a second annealing temperature at a set annealing cooling speed, and cooling to the set temperature by an air cooling or water cooling method;
aiming at the condition that the first metal material comprises industrial pure copper and the second metal material comprises aluminum alloy, the first annealing temperature range is 390-430 ℃; the annealing time range is 30-120 min; the annealing cooling speed range is 30-50 ℃/h; the second annealing temperature is not higher than 300 ℃, and then the second annealing temperature is cooled to room temperature by adopting an air cooling method.
The concentration of the NaOH solution is 10 percent; after the NaOH solution is treated, the surface of the second metal material substrate is cleaned by adopting a 5% sulfuric acid solution to remove an oxide layer, and then the sand blasting treatment can be carried out on the surface of the second metal material substrate.
10. A composite metal material, characterized in that the composite metal material is prepared by the copper-aluminum composite metal material preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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