CN111334793A - Composite metal material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite metal material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111334793A
CN111334793A CN202010293552.1A CN202010293552A CN111334793A CN 111334793 A CN111334793 A CN 111334793A CN 202010293552 A CN202010293552 A CN 202010293552A CN 111334793 A CN111334793 A CN 111334793A
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metal
metal material
spraying
temperature
composite
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任晓光
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Liaoning Mechatronics College
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Liaoning Mechatronics College
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite metal material, which comprises: a first metal plate; the second metal layer is arranged on the outer surface of the first metal plate in a wrapping mode; the thickness of the first metal layer is 1-2 mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer is 0.6-1.4 mm. The composite metal material designed and developed by the invention has the advantages that the second metal layer is coated on the outer surface of the first metal, the thicknesses of the first metal and the second metal layer are optimized, and the comprehensive performance is improved. The invention also designs and develops a preparation method of the composite metal material, the second metal is atomized into liquid drops and sprayed on the outer surface of the first metal, and the rotating speed and the spraying speed of centrifugal atomization are accurately controlled, so that the second metal layer is uniformly coated on the outer surface of the first metal, and the comprehensive performance of the composite metal material is improved.

Description

Composite metal material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite metal materials, in particular to a composite metal material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous progress of science and technology, the requirement of modern industry on the comprehensive performance of materials is difficult to meet by a single material. Composite materials are receiving increasing attention from the industry due to their programmable properties. Aluminum and copper are widely used in industry and life as important metal materials. The aluminum has the characteristics of light weight, rich rate and resource in China, low price and the like. Copper has excellent performances such as good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity, etc., but copper resources are scarce resources and are expensive. If aluminum is used as a matrix and a copper layer is coated on the outer layer, the obtained composite material has the excellent performances of the aluminum and the copper, has the excellent conductivity of metal copper, and can reduce the cost and save resources.
At present, the common method for plating copper on the surface of metal is an electroplating method generally, which has serious pollution and higher cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design and develop a composite metal material, coat a second metal layer on the outer surface of a first metal, optimize the thicknesses of the first metal and the second metal layer and improve the comprehensive performance of the composite metal material.
The invention also aims to design and develop a preparation method of the composite metal material, wherein the second metal is atomized into liquid drops and sprayed on the outer surface of the first metal, and the rotating speed and the spraying speed of centrifugal atomization are accurately controlled, so that the second metal layer is uniformly coated on the outer surface of the first metal, and the comprehensive performance of the composite metal material is improved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a composite metal material comprising:
a first metal plate; and
the second metal layer is arranged on the outer surface of the first metal plate in a wrapping mode;
the thickness of the first metal layer is 1-2 mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer is 0.6-1.4 mm.
Preferably, the first metal is an aluminum plate, and the second metal layer is a copper layer.
A preparation method of a composite metal material comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating a second metal to 1150-1250 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the second metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: placing a second metal liquid in an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to be 1100-1200 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the second metal liquid into liquid drops;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000021
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter, ρ is the density of the second metal, and γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 550-650 ℃, the spraying distance to be 10-50 mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 0.6-1.4 mm, so as to obtain a composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000022
wherein R is the average particle size of the powder, L is the spraying distance, α is the spraying angle, T is the spraying temperature, vAIn the form of a unit of speed,
Figure BDA0002451331300000023
to correct the coefficients, T0Is ambient temperature.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 395-425 ℃ for 30-120 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 35-45 ℃/h.
Preferably, before spraying the second metal layer on the outer surface of the first metal, the method further comprises the following steps of:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution for 60-120 min, taking out, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate with clean water again, and drying.
Preferably, the surface of the first metal material substrate is polished to ensure that the surface roughness meets the following requirements:
Ra＝1.5～2.5R；
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
Preferably, in the pretreatment of the first metal, before the surface of the first metal material substrate is subjected to the sanding treatment, a 5% sulfuric acid solution is used for cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate; the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10%.
Preferably, the first metal is an aluminum plate, and the second metal layer is a copper layer.
Preferably, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1-2 mm.
Preferably, the correction coefficient
Figure BDA0002451331300000031
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the composite metal material designed and developed by the invention has the advantages that the second metal layer is coated on the outer surface of the first metal, the thicknesses of the first metal and the second metal layer are optimized, and the comprehensive performance is improved.
(2) The preparation method of the composite metal material designed and developed by the invention atomizes the second metal into liquid drops and sprays the liquid drops on the outer surface of the first metal, and accurately controls the rotating speed and the spraying speed of centrifugal atomization, so that the second metal layer is uniformly coated on the outer surface of the first metal, and the comprehensive performance of the composite metal material is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
The present invention provides a composite metal material comprising: the metal plate comprises a first metal plate, wherein a second metal layer is coated on the outer surface of the first metal plate, the thickness of the first metal layer is 1-2 mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer is 0.6-1.4 mm.
In this embodiment, the first metal is an aluminum plate, and the second metal layer is a copper layer.
The composite metal material designed and developed by the invention has the advantages that the second metal layer is coated on the outer surface of the first metal, the thicknesses of the first metal and the second metal layer are optimized, and the comprehensive performance is improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite metal material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating the second metal to 1150-1250 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the second metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: placing the second metal liquid in an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to be 1100-1200 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the second metal liquid into liquid drops;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000041
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter, ρ is the density of the second metal, and γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in a NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 60-120 min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using a 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, polish first metal material base member surface, make its surface roughness satisfy:
Ra＝1.5～2.5R；
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 550-650 ℃, the spraying distance to be 10-50 mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 0.6-1.4 mm, so as to obtain a composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000042
wherein R is the average particle size of the powder, L is the spraying distance, α is the spraying angle, T is the spraying temperature, vAIn the form of a unit of speed,
Figure BDA0002451331300000043
is a correction coefficient and
Figure BDA0002451331300000044
T0is ambient temperature.
And 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 395-425 ℃ for 30-120 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 35-45 ℃/h.
The first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1-2 mm, and the second metal layer is a copper layer.
Example 1
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 0.6 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1150 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to be 1100 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops, wherein the diameter of the liquid drops is 15 mu m;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000051
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant of 0.451, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter of 200mm, ρ is the density of the second metal, γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 60min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, polish first metal material base member surface, make its surface roughness satisfy:
Ra＝1.5R＝11.25μm；
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 550 ℃, the spraying distance to be 10mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 0.6mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000061
wherein R is the average particle diameter (m) of the powder, L is the spraying distance (m), α is the spraying angle 90 degrees, T is the spraying temperature (DEG C), v isAIn terms of unit velocity (m/s),
Figure BDA0002451331300000062
is a correction coefficient (m)2)，T0At ambient temperature (20 ℃).
And 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 395 ℃ for 30 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 35 ℃/h.
Example 2
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 2mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 1.4 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1250 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to be 1200 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops, wherein the diameter of the liquid drops is 20 mu m;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000063
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant of 0.451, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter of 200mm, ρ is the density of the second metal, γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 120min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, polish first metal material base member surface, make its surface roughness satisfy:
Ra=2.5R=25μm;
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 650 ℃, the spraying distance to be 50mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 1.4mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000071
wherein R is the average particle diameter (m) of the powder, L is the spraying distance (m), α is the spraying angle 90 degrees, T is the spraying temperature (DEG C), v isAIn terms of unit velocity (m/s),
Figure BDA0002451331300000072
is a correction coefficient (m)2)，T0At ambient temperature (20 ℃).
And 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 425 ℃ for 120 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 45 ℃/h.
Example 3
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1.5mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 1 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1200 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to 1150 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops with the diameter of 20 mu m;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000073
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant of 0.451, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter of 200mm, ρ is the density of the second metal, γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 60min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, polish first metal material base member surface, make its surface roughness satisfy:
Ra=2.5R=25μm;
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 600 ℃, the spraying distance to be 30mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 1mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000081
wherein R is the average particle diameter (m) of the powder, L is the spraying distance (m), α is the spraying angle 90 degrees, T is the spraying temperature (DEG C), v isAIn terms of unit velocity (m/s),
Figure BDA0002451331300000082
is a correction coefficient (m)2)，T0At ambient temperature (20 ℃).
And 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 400 ℃ for 60 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 40 ℃/h.
Example 4
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 2mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 1 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1200 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to 1150 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops with the diameter of 15 mu m;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000091
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant of 0.451, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter of 200mm, ρ is the density of the second metal, γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 70min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, polish first metal material base member surface, make its surface roughness satisfy:
Ra＝2.5R＝18.75μm；
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 600 ℃, the spraying distance to be 20mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 1mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000092
wherein R is the average particle diameter (m) of the powder, L is the spraying distance (m), α is the spraying angle 90 degrees, T is the spraying temperature (DEG C), v isAIn terms of unit velocity (m/s),
Figure BDA0002451331300000093
is a correction coefficient (m)2)，T0At ambient temperature (20 ℃).
And 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 390 ℃ for 80 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 39 ℃/h.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the comparative example comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1.5mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 1 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1200 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to be 1150 ℃, centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops, and controlling the centrifugal rotating speed to be 4000 r/min;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 60min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, the surface of the first metal material substrate is polished to ensure that the surface roughness is 30 μm.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 600 ℃, the spraying distance to be 30mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 1mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
controlling the spraying speed to be 550 m/s;
and 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 400 ℃ for 60 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 40 ℃/h.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the comparative example comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1.5mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 1 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1200 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to 1150 ℃, centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops, and controlling the centrifugal rotating speed to 3500 r/min;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 60min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, the surface of the first metal material substrate is polished to ensure that the surface roughness of the first metal material substrate meets 25 mu m.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 600 ℃, the spraying distance to be 30mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 1mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
the spraying speed was controlled to 500 m/s.
And 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 400 ℃ for 60 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 40 ℃/h.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the comparative example comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1.5mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 1 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1200 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to 1150 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops with the diameter of 20 mu m;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000111
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant of 0.451, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter of 200mm, ρ is the density of the second metal, γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 60min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, polish first metal material base member surface, make its surface roughness satisfy:
Ra=2.5R=25μm;
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 600 ℃, the spraying distance to be 30mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 1mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
controlling the spraying speed to be 550 m/s;
and 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 400 ℃ for 60 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 40 ℃/h.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the composite metal material provided by the comparative example comprises the following steps:
the first metal is an aluminum plate, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 1.5mm, the second metal layer is a copper layer, and the thickness of the copper layer is 1 mm.
Step 1: heating copper metal to 1200 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the copper metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: putting the copper metal liquid into an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to 1150 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the copper metal liquid into liquid drops with the diameter of 20 mu m;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000121
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constant of 0.451, D is the atomized droplet diameter, D is the centrifugal disc diameter of 200mm, ρ is the density of the second metal, γ is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: pre-treating the first metal:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution (with the solution concentration of 10%) for 60min, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using 5% sulfuric acid solution, taking out the first metal material substrate, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate by using clean water again, and drying.
Wherein, the surface of the first metal material substrate is polished to ensure that the surface roughness of the first metal material substrate meets 30 mu m.
And step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 600 ℃, the spraying distance to be 30mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 1mm, so as to obtain the composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure BDA0002451331300000131
wherein R is the average particle diameter (m) of the powder, L is the spraying distance (m), α is the spraying angle 90 degrees, T is the spraying temperature (DEG C), v isAIn terms of unit velocity (m/s),
Figure BDA0002451331300000132
is a correction coefficient (m)2)，T0At ambient temperature (20 ℃).
And 4, step 4: and (3) heat treatment:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 400 ℃ for 60 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 40 ℃/h.
The composite metal materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to performance tests (tensile strength, ductility, peel strength, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity) and the specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 test results
Serial number Tensile strength Ductility of the alloy Peel strength Conductivity of electricity Thermal conductivity
Practice ofExample 1 280MPa 28％ 21N/mm Good taste Good taste
Example 2 282MPa 29％ 20N/mm Good taste Good taste
Example 3 285MPa 28％ 24N/mm Good taste Good taste
Example 4 283MPa 30％ 22N/mm Good taste Good taste
Comparative example 1 241MPa 20％ 19N/mm Good taste Good taste
Comparative example 2 246MPa 17％ 18N/mm Good taste Good taste
Comparative example 3 250MPa 21％ 19N/mm Good taste Good taste
Comparative example 4 255MPa 19％ 15N/mm Good taste Good taste
As can be seen from Table 1:
1. the composite metal obtained by spraying the copper coating layer on the surface of the aluminum plate has good electrical conductivity and heat conductivity.
2. When the surface roughness of the aluminum plate is small or the difference between the surface roughness and the size of the sprayed copper liquid drops is small, the copper liquid drops can be sprayed on the surface of the aluminum plate better, and when the surface roughness of the aluminum plate is large, although the copper layer can be sprayed on the surface of the aluminum plate, the peeling strength of the copper layer is poor.
3. Reasonable and proper control of the rotational speed and spraying speed of the centrifugal atomization and the surface roughness of the first metal are required to obtain the composite metal material with good tensile strength and ductility.
The preparation method of the composite metal material designed and developed by the invention atomizes the second metal into liquid drops and sprays the liquid drops on the outer surface of the first metal, and accurately controls the rotating speed and spraying speed of centrifugal atomization and the surface roughness of the first metal, so that the second metal layer is uniformly coated on the outer surface of the first metal, and the comprehensive performance of the composite metal material is improved.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A composite metal material, comprising:
a first metal plate; and
the second metal layer is arranged on the outer surface of the first metal plate in a wrapping mode;
the thickness of the first metal layer is 1-2 mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer is 0.6-1.4 mm.
2. The composite metal material of claim 1, wherein the first metal is an aluminum sheet and the second metal layer is a copper layer.
3. The preparation method of the composite metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: heating a second metal to 1150-1250 ℃ in a vacuum environment until the second metal is completely in a molten state;
step 2: placing a second metal liquid in an atomizing device, controlling the atomizing temperature to be 1100-1200 ℃, and centrifugally atomizing the second metal liquid into liquid drops;
the centrifugal rotating speed is controlled as follows:
Figure FDA0002451331290000011
in the formula, n is the rotating speed of a centrifugal disc used for centrifugal atomization, TfIs the atomization temperature, T is the spray temperature, A is a constantD is the diameter of the atomized droplets, D is the diameter of the centrifugal disc, rho is the density of the second metal, and gamma is the surface tension of the second metal;
and step 3: spraying atomized second metal droplets on the outer surface of the first metal, controlling the spraying temperature to be 550-650 ℃, the spraying distance to be 10-50 mm, and the thickness of the second metal layer to be 0.6-1.4 mm, so as to obtain a composite metal material;
the spraying speed is controlled as follows:
Figure FDA0002451331290000012
wherein R is the average particle size of the powder, L is the spraying distance, α is the spraying angle, T is the spraying temperature, vAIn the form of a unit of speed,
Figure FDA0002451331290000013
to correct the coefficients, T0Is ambient temperature.
4. The method of preparing a composite metal material of claim 3, further comprising heat treating:
annealing the composite metal material obtained by spray forming at 395-425 ℃ for 30-120 min;
cooling the mixture to below 300 ℃ by water, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by air;
wherein the water cooling temperature drop rate is controlled to be 35-45 ℃/h.
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, further comprising, prior to applying the second metal layer to the outer surface of the first metal, pre-treating the first metal by:
immersing the first metal material substrate in NaOH solution for 60-120 min, taking out, performing frosting treatment on the surface of the first metal material substrate, cleaning the surface of the first metal material substrate with clean water again, and drying.
6. The method of preparing a composite metal material according to claim 5, wherein the surface of the first metal material substrate is polished to have a surface roughness satisfying:
Ra＝1.5～2.5R；
wherein Ra is the surface roughness of the surface of the first metal material substrate.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step of pretreating the first metal, a 5% sulfuric acid solution is used to clean the surface of the first metal material substrate before the surface of the first metal material substrate is frosted; the concentration of the NaOH solution is 10%.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first metal is an aluminum plate and the second metal layer is a copper layer.
9. The method of preparing a composite metal material according to claim 8, wherein the aluminum plate has a thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
10. The method of preparing a composite metal material of claim 8, wherein the correction factor
Figure FDA0002451331290000021
CN202010293552.1A 2020-04-15 2020-04-15 Composite metal material and preparation method thereof Pending CN111334793A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200626