CN110773738B - Laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygon geometric feature recognition - Google Patents
Laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygon geometric feature recognition Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/187—Segmentation; Edge detection involving region growing; involving region merging; involving connected component labelling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
- G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10004—Still image; Photographic image
- G06T2207/10008—Still image; Photographic image from scanner, fax or copier
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
A laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygonal geometric feature recognition is characterized in that a single-layer slice of a part is taken as an object, each polygonal connected region in a current-layer slice is recognized and extracted, the main axis direction of the polygonal connected region is obtained, then the spans of the polygonal connected region in the main axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the main axis are respectively obtained by using a projection method, the polygonal connected regions with the spans in the two directions larger than a user set threshold value are planned to be a scanning path in an island scanning mode, and the unsatisfied polygonal connected regions are planned to be a scanning path in a parallel scanning mode. The invention can avoid island type scanning path planning on the small communication area, and improve the calculation efficiency and the processing efficiency and the forming quality of the small communication area; the occurrence of overlong scanning lines is effectively avoided, and the deformation of parts is reduced; ensuring interlayer overlapping and balancing temperature fields; the idle stroke of laser jumping in actual processing is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of selective laser melting additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygonal geometric feature recognition.
Background
In recent years, the selective laser melting technology is widely concerned and rapidly developed, and shows wide application prospects and technical advantages in the fields of aviation, aerospace, molds, medical treatment and the like. The three-dimensional model of the part is sliced and layered through special software, contour data of each section are obtained, high-energy laser beams are used for selectively acting on metal powder according to a certain scanning mode, the scanned powder is melted and solidified, and the three-dimensional solid part is manufactured through layer-by-layer accumulation.
For the selective laser melting technology, the heat generated in the rapid melting and solidification process of the powder and the transfer thereof have direct influence on stress concentration and part deformation and cracking. Therefore, the reasonable laser scanning path can effectively manage and control the heat, thereby balancing the temperature field of the formed part, reducing stress concentration, preventing deformation and cracking and improving the forming quality of the part. For example, an island scanning strategy proposed by Concept Laser company divides each layer of processing area of a model into a plurality of island areas, and each island is sequentially processed by using a random exposure strategy, so that the generation of internal stress in the processing process is greatly reduced. However, if the island-type scanning is adopted in a small area, not only the calculation efficiency of the scanning path and the processing efficiency of parts are reduced, but also too short scanning lines are easily formed, so that frequent switching of the laser is caused, and the lapping among the islands is not easy to control, thereby affecting the final forming quality.
With the expansion of the application range of the selective laser melting technology, the processed parts are more complex, the size and the number of the polygonal communication areas of each layer of slices of the part model are changed continuously, and a single scanning mode is not suitable for the processing and the manufacturing of the whole model any more, so that the scanning path planning needs to be carried out by adopting a proper scanning mode according to the geometric characteristic information of the polygonal communication areas of each slice, and the final forming quality of the parts is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygon geometric feature recognition. The method can identify and extract the polygonal connected region in the slice, and then decide a proper scanning mode to plan the path according to the geometric information of the connected region, thereby effectively ensuring the calculation efficiency of the scanning path and the processing efficiency of the part, balancing the temperature field in the forming process of the part and ensuring the forming quality of the part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygon geometric feature recognition is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: inputting slice information of all layers of the three-dimensional model of the part, and determining a scanning distance d and an island edge length L according to actual manufacturing requirements;
step 2: minimum span S required for reading user-defined connected region by island scanningp；
And step 3: reading outline polygons in the single-layer slice, judging inclusion relations among the outlines, and constructing an outline tree structure according to the inclusion relations among the outlines and the included times, wherein the included times of the outline by other outlines are even numbers, and the included times of the inner outline by other outlines are odd numbers;
and 4, step 4: extracting each polygon communication area by using a contour tree structure, wherein each polygon communication area comprises an outer contour and N inner contours, N is more than or equal to 0, and the number of times that the outer contour in each polygon communication area is contained is 1 less than that of times that the inner contour in each polygon communication area is contained;
and 5: taking the polygonal connected region as an object, and solving the main shaft direction of the current polygonal connected region;
step 6: the outer contour of the current polygon connected region is adjusted, projection values of all contour vertexes in the main shaft direction and the direction perpendicular to the main shaft are obtained by using a projection method, and the span S of the current polygon connected region in two directions is calculated through the projection values1And S2By mixing S1And S2Are respectively reacted with SpComparing, and planning the scanning path of the polygon connected region;
and 7: sequentially reading each polygon connected region to complete the scanning path planning of the current slice layer;
and 8: and traversing the slice information of the whole part model, finishing the planning of the laser scanning path of the part and outputting the scanning path.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
further, in step 3, the inclusion relationship between the contours is determined by ray method.
Further, in step 5, the covariance matrix is used to find the main axis direction of the current polygon connected region.
Further, in step 6, the span S of the connected region of the current polygon in two directions is obtained by the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the projection values1And S2Will S1And S2Are respectively reacted with SpAre all greater than SpPlanning a path of the polygonal connected region by adopting an island scanning mode, otherwise planning the path by adopting a parallel scanning mode; when the scanning path is planned, the scanning direction is determined by the main shaft direction.
Further, when a parallel scanning mode is adopted to plan a path, the direction of a main shaft of a polygonal communication area is obtained by the slices of the odd layers, and then the rotation angle theta is used as a scanning direction; and after the main shaft direction of the polygonal communication area is obtained by the slices of the even layers, the rotation angle (180-theta) of the slices is used as the scanning direction, so that the scanning directions of the adjacent layers are ensured to be mutually crossed.
Furthermore, when the path is planned by adopting an island type scanning mode, each island is planned by adopting a parallel scanning path, and the scanning directions of adjacent islands are mutually vertical; the slice of the odd layer obtains the main shaft direction of the polygon communication area, the rotation angle theta is used as the scanning direction of one basic island, and the scanning direction of other islands is derived according to the scanning direction of the basic island; the slice of the even layer obtains the main shaft direction of the polygon communicating area, and the rotation angle (180-theta) is used as the scanning direction of one of the basic islands, and then the scanning direction of the other islands is derived according to the scanning direction of the basic island; thereby ensuring that the scanning directions of adjacent layers cross each other.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the scanning path planning is carried out by taking the polygonal connected region as an object, the main shaft direction of the connected region is obtained, and then the spans of the polygonal connected region in the main shaft direction and the direction vertical to the main shaft are respectively obtained by using a projection method, and the island type scanning path planning can be avoided for the small connected region by comparing with a span threshold value defined by a user, so that the calculation efficiency, the processing efficiency of the small connected region and the forming quality are improved;
2. according to the invention, the scanning path is planned by taking the polygonal connected region as an object, and the scanning direction is determined by solving the main axis direction of the polygonal connected region, so that the appearance of overlong scanning lines can be effectively avoided, and the deformation of parts is reduced;
3. the invention uses the rotation angle theta of the main shaft direction of the polygon communication area of the odd number layer as the scanning direction, and uses the rotation angle (180-theta) of the main shaft direction of the polygon communication area of the even number layer as the scanning direction, thereby ensuring that the scanning directions of the adjacent layers are crossed, ensuring the interlayer overlapping and balancing the temperature field;
4. the invention carries out scanning path planning by taking the polygonal connected area as an object, reduces the idle stroke of laser jump in actual processing and improves the processing efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of scan path planning according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary scan path planning model according to the present invention.
Fig. 3a to 3b are schematic views of scanning paths obtained by the method of the present invention for the model shown in fig. 2, wherein fig. 3a is an island scanning method for a large-area base, and fig. 3b is a parallel scanning method for a lattice-filled portion.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scanning path obtained by the method of the present invention for a slice containing a large-area polygonal connected region and a small-area polygonal connected region.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygon geometric feature recognition, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of taking a single-layer slice of a part as an object, identifying and extracting each polygon connected region in the current-layer slice, obtaining the main axis direction of the polygon connected region, then respectively obtaining the spans of the polygon connected region in the main axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the main axis by using a projection method, planning a scanning path of the polygon connected region with the spans in the two directions larger than a user set threshold value in an island scanning mode, and planning the scanning path of the unsatisfied polygon connected region in a parallel scanning mode. When the island-type scanning path planning is adopted, each island adopts the parallel scanning path planning, and the scanning directions of adjacent islands are mutually vertical. In addition, the scanning directions of adjacent layers are ensured to be crossed by rotating the main shaft direction of the polygonal connected region of the odd-even layer by different angles to be used as the scanning directions. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: inputting slice information of all layers of the three-dimensional model of the part, and determining the scanning distance d and the island edge length L according to actual manufacturing requirements.
Step 2: reading the user-defined connected region takes the minimum span S required for an island-type scanning approach. .
And step 3: reading the polygon of the single-layer slice outline, judging the inclusion relationship between the outlines by using a ray method, and constructing an outline tree structure according to the inclusion relationship between the outlines and the included times, wherein the included times of the outline by other outlines are even numbers (including 0), and the included times of the inner outline are odd numbers.
And 4, step 4: extracting each polygon connected region by using a contour tree structure, wherein each polygon connected region comprises an outer contour and N inner contours (N is more than or equal to 0), the outer contour is contained less than the inner contour by 1, namely, the outer contour and the sub-contours thereof form a connected region from the contour tree of FIG. 1.
And 5: and taking the polygonal connected region as an object, and solving the main shaft direction of the current polygonal connected region by using the covariance matrix.
Step 6: adjusting the outer contour of the current polygon connected region, solving the projection values of all contour vertexes in the main shaft direction and the direction vertical to the main shaft by using a projection method, and obtaining the span S of the current connected region in two directions through the difference of the maximum value and the minimum value of the projection values1And S2Will S1And S2Are respectively reacted with SpAre all greater than SpThen adopt the polygon connected regionAnd planning the path in an island type scanning mode, otherwise, planning the path in a parallel scanning mode. When the scanning path is planned, the scanning direction is determined by the main shaft direction.
And 7: and sequentially reading each polygon connected region to complete the scanning path planning of the current slice layer.
And 8: and traversing the slice information of the whole part model, finishing the planning of the laser scanning path of the part and outputting the scanning path.
When the path is planned by adopting an island type scanning mode, each island is planned by adopting a parallel scanning path, and the scanning directions of adjacent islands are mutually vertical. And the rotation angle theta of the odd-numbered slices is used as the scanning direction of the connected region or the scanning direction of the basic island in the connected region after the main axis direction of the connected region is obtained. And after the main shaft direction of the communication area is obtained by the slices of the even layers, the rotation angle (180-theta) of the slices is used as the scanning direction of the communication area or the scanning direction of the basic island in the communication area, so that the scanning directions of the communication areas or islands corresponding to the upper layer and the lower layer of the adjacent layer are ensured to be mutually crossed.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary scan path planning model according to the present invention. The slice obtained at the base part thereof is a polygonal connected area with a large area, as shown in the lower right part of fig. 2; the resulting slice at the lattice fill is a plurality of small area polygonal connected regions as shown in the upper right portion of fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a scanning path obtained by applying the method of the present invention to the model shown in fig. 2. For a large-area base, an island scanning mode is adopted, as shown in fig. 3 a; a parallel scanning mode is used for the lattice-filling portion as shown in fig. 3 b.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scanning path obtained by the method of the present invention for a slice containing a large-area polygonal connected region and a small-area polygonal connected region. Wherein, A is a small-area connected region, and a parallel scanning mode is adopted for scanning path planning; and B, a large-area communication area is shown, and the scanning path planning is carried out by adopting an island type scanning mode.
It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not limited by the technical contents of the essential changes.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, for example, other characteristics of the polygonal connected region may be identified to plan other scanning modes, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygon geometric feature recognition is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: inputting slice information of all layers of the three-dimensional model of the part, and determining a scanning distance d and an island edge length L according to actual manufacturing requirements;
step 2: minimum span S required for reading user-defined connected region by island scanningp；
And step 3: reading outline polygons in the single-layer slice, judging inclusion relations among the outlines, and constructing an outline tree structure according to the inclusion relations among the outlines and the included times, wherein the included times of the outline by other outlines are even numbers, and the included times of the inner outline by other outlines are odd numbers;
and 4, step 4: extracting each polygon communication area by using a contour tree structure, wherein each polygon communication area comprises an outer contour and N inner contours, N is more than or equal to 0, and the number of times that the outer contour in each polygon communication area is contained is 1 less than that of times that the inner contour in each polygon communication area is contained;
and 5: taking the polygonal connected region as an object, and solving the main shaft direction of the current polygonal connected region;
step 6: the outline of the current polygon connected region is adjusted and solved by using a projection methodTaking projection values of all contour vertexes in the main shaft direction and the direction vertical to the main shaft, and calculating the span S of the current polygon connected region in two directions through the projection values1And S2By mixing S1And S2Are respectively reacted with SpComparing, and planning the scanning path of the polygon connected region; in step 6, the span S of the current polygon connected region in two directions is obtained through the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the projection values1And S2Will S1And S2Are respectively reacted with SpAre all greater than SpPlanning a path of the polygonal connected region by adopting an island scanning mode, otherwise planning the path by adopting a parallel scanning mode; when the scanning path is planned, the scanning direction is determined by the direction of the main shaft; when the path is planned by adopting an island type scanning mode, each island is planned by adopting a parallel scanning path, and the scanning directions of adjacent islands are mutually vertical; the slice of the odd layer obtains the main shaft direction of the polygon communication area, the rotation angle theta is used as the scanning direction of one basic island, and the scanning direction of other islands is derived according to the scanning direction of the basic island; the slice of the even layer obtains the main shaft direction of the polygon communicating area, and the rotation angle (180-theta) is used as the scanning direction of one of the basic islands, and then the scanning direction of the other islands is derived according to the scanning direction of the basic island; thereby ensuring that the scanning directions of adjacent layers are mutually crossed;
and 7: sequentially reading each polygon connected region to complete the scanning path planning of the current slice layer;
and 8: and traversing the slice information of the whole part model, finishing the planning of the laser scanning path of the part and outputting the scanning path.
2. The laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygonal geometric feature recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3, firstly, the contours are pre-sequenced according to the size of the contour bounding boxes, and then the inclusion relation between the contours is judged by combining a coordinate extreme method and a ray method.
3. The laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygonal geometric feature recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 5, solving the main shaft direction of the current polygonal connected area by using the covariance matrix.
4. The laser scanning path regional planning method based on polygonal geometric feature recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: when a parallel scanning mode is adopted to plan a path, the direction of a main shaft of a polygonal communication area is solved by the slices of the odd layers, and the rotation angle theta is used as the scanning direction; and after the main shaft direction of the polygonal communication area is obtained by the slices of the even layers, the rotation angle (180-theta) of the slices is used as the scanning direction, so that the scanning directions of the adjacent layers are ensured to be mutually crossed.
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| CN111299577A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-06-19 | 华中科技大学 | SLM forming method and product based on intelligent scanning path planning |
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| CN113042752B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-07-22 | 南京理工大学 | Method for identifying any fused shape and virtually printing by regional scanning of laser powder bed |
| CN113370526B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2024-02-02 | 深圳市创必得科技有限公司 | Slice preprocessing 3D model suspension detection method |
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