CN110773454A - An intelligent dry waste removal system based on true dual energy X-ray - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of coal preparation and gangue removal, and relates to an intelligent dry gangue removal system based on true dual-energy X-rays. The invention includes a feeding mechanism, a conveying mechanism, an identification mechanism and a sorting mechanism. The feeding mechanism consists of a feeding funnel and a spray desliming device. The outside of the feeding funnel is an inverted cone, and the inside is laid with a wear-resistant ceramic plate that can reduce the wear of the funnel wall; the spraying and desliming device consists of a spray pipe and a high-frequency screen. The conveying mechanism is composed of an electronic belt scale that monitors the feeding amount in real time, an electromagnetic iron remover that reduces debris pollution, a belt cleaner that cleans fine-grained materials, and a queuing device that can form multiple regular coal flows; the identification mechanism is composed of different Intensity X-ray generator, X-ray detector, imaging host computer, BP neural network and isolation lead room are composed; the sorting mechanism is composed of positioning device, manipulator and PLC control cabinet. The invention has strong adaptability to coal types, realizes intelligent identification, has high identification accuracy, and reduces coal dust pollution at the same time.

Description

An intelligent dry waste removal system based on true dual energy X-ray

technical field

The invention relates to the field of dry coal preparation in a coal preparation plant, in particular to an intelligent dry gangue discharge system based on true dual-energy X-rays

Background technique

With the increase of coal mining volume year by year, high-quality coal resources are almost exhausted, and coal resources have developed in the direction of "poor, fine and miscellaneous". In order to improve the quality of coal, coal preparation plants currently achieve full-grain washing of coal. The current mainstream coal washing methods are divided into wet coal preparation and dry coal preparation. For wet coal preparation, dense medium coal preparation has become the dominant process, and its accuracy is high, but its shortcomings are also particularly obvious. The medium dehydration process is complex and requires a large amount of water, which requires the follow-up slime water treatment process; for dry coal preparation, mainly air-dense medium fluidized bed dry coal preparation, air separation, composite dry separation and ray coal preparation, etc. , because it does not require water and the process is simple, it once became a research hotspot. However, compared with heavy medium coal preparation, its separation accuracy is lower and the air pollution is serious, so the scope of use is small and limited to the water-deficient areas in the northwest. With the implementation of the national energy conservation and emission reduction, green mining policies, and the rapid development of ray technology, γ-ray and X-ray coal preparation technology has once again entered the attention of coal preparation workers, especially some ray coal preparation equipment has begun to be used in On-site application has achieved certain results, but its drawbacks are particularly obvious. First, most of the equipment uses γ-rays as rays. Although the penetrating power is strong, the management of radiation sources is a difficult problem. Radiation damage to the body. Second, some equipment uses pseudo-dual-energy X-rays for source safety and cost savings, but it will bring about a "thickness effect", which greatly reduces the recognition accuracy of coal and gangue. Third, equipment The high-pressure air valve is used to separate the gangue. The frequent opening/closing of the air valve leads to a short service life and high maintenance costs in the later period, and the injection force of the air flow is limited. The existence of ray coal preparation technology limits the application and promotion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems of difficult management of γ-ray sources based on ray coal preparation equipment, low identification accuracy of pseudo dual-energy X-rays and rapid wear of separation equipment, the present invention designs an intelligent dry gangue discharge system based on true dual-energy X-rays , the system integrates feeding, conveying, identification and separation mechanisms, and has the advantages of easy management of radiation sources, high identification and separation accuracy, and high degree of automation. It can be used in coal preparation plants. .

To achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted the following technical solutions:

An intelligent dry waste removal system based on true dual-energy X-rays includes the following components:

Feeding mechanism, which consists of a feeding funnel and a spray desliming device; the feeding funnel has an inverted cone shape on the outside, and a wear-resistant ceramic plate is laid on the inside, which can reduce the wear of high-hardness materials such as gangue on the funnel wall, Extend the service life of the feeding funnel. The upper part of the funnel is connected to the raw coal feeding belt underground, and the lower part of the funnel is connected to the spraying and desilting mechanism. The high-frequency screening is divided into two sections, the width of the screen gap in the front section is 30mm, and the combination with the spray pipe can play the role of grading and desliming, which can reduce the coverage of fine mud on the surface and improve the accuracy of the identification system. The screen gap in the rear section is 0.5mm, which plays a role in dehydration, reduces the scattering effect of moisture on the surface of raw coal on X-rays, and enhances the transmission of X-rays.

Conveying mechanism, which consists of electromagnetic iron remover, conveyor belt, electronic belt scale, belt cleaner, and queuing cloth device; an electronic belt scale is installed at the bottom of the conveyor belt, which can monitor the feeding amount in real time; the electromagnetic iron remover is installed At the conveyor head, it is mainly used to reduce the pollution of large debris, especially iron products, and the damage to the belt by debris, so as to prevent unexpected shutdowns; the belt cleaner is installed at the end of the belt conveyor. , used for cleaning of fine-grained materials, further reducing the wear rate of the conveyor belt and prolonging the service life of the conveyor belt; the queuing device is installed above the belt, and is essentially composed of polyurethane plates to form several coal gangue channels. It can form multi-channel regular coal flow, which is convenient for the subsequent separation mechanism to separate the coal gangue, and the coal flow that has been queued enters the identification mechanism for identification;

The identification mechanism is mainly composed of an X-ray generator, an X-ray detector, an imaging host computer, a BP neural network and an isolation lead room; the X-ray generator is divided into two groups, which can generate rays of two intensities, consisting of 220V The high-energy ray intensity is 160kV and the low-energy ray intensity is 90kV. It is characterized by the fact that the X-ray generator stops emitting rays after the power is cut off, and there is no ray residue, which will not cause harm to the inspection workers; The ray detectors are divided into two groups, in which the low-energy X-ray detector receives low-energy X-ray signals, the high-energy X-ray detector receives high-energy X-ray signals, the X-ray detector adopts a flat-panel detector, and the scintillator adopts cesium iodide material. The combination of the X-ray generator and two sets of X-ray detectors can eliminate the "thickness effect" and improve the recognition accuracy; the imaging host computer is actually a microcomputer, the core of which is the imaging software, which can accept X-ray detectors. The digital signal is converted into a grayscale image through a series of smoothing, filtering, noise reduction, reconstruction and other operations, and the eigenvalues are extracted, so as to identify coal and gangue; the BP neural network is a BP-based algorithm. The artificial neural network is divided into input layer, output layer and hidden layer. It has a self-learning function and can capture the nonlinear relationship between the input layer and the output layer without determining the relationship between the two. It can be used to automatically Learn the characteristics of coal and gangue, and further improve the accuracy of coal and gangue identification; the isolation lead room is a protective shell lined with 2mm thick lead plate, installed outside the X-ray generator, and can work in the X-ray generator X-rays are isolated from time to time, so as to play an isolation and protection role and avoid X-ray radiation. After being identified by the identification mechanism, the raw coal is divided into coal and gangue, and enters the sorting mechanism to complete the separation.

The sorting mechanism is mainly composed of a positioning device, a manipulator and a PLC control cabinet; the positioning device is essentially a photoelectric sensor, and the upper computer transmits the position information of the sorted material to the photoelectric sensor. When the material reaches the photoelectric module, The photoelectric sensor transmits the information to the PLC control cabinet in real time; the PLC control cabinet is mainly used to receive the instructions of the upper computer and control the action of the lower computer. The manipulator is hydraulically driven, controlled by PLC commands, and installed on both sides of the belt instead of manual selection; the manipulator is equipped with a proximity sensor, and when the sorted material is close, the manipulator will remove the material. Grab it to the product chute to complete the sorting of coal and gangue.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1), the feeding mechanism, conveying mechanism, identification mechanism and sorting mechanism of the present invention together constitute an intelligent dry gangue discharge system, which adopts advanced BP neural network for identification and learning, has strong adaptability to coal types, and realizes intelligent identification. , using PLC to control the operation of the whole system, without personnel on duty, realizes automatic sorting, can replace manual sorting, greatly reduces the input of manpower and the wrong selection and missed selection caused by human factors, improves the sorting efficiency, saves money Cost of production.

2), the present invention uses X-rays as the radiation source, and there is no radiation residue after the power is cut off, and with the protective effect of the lead room, it will not generate radiation to the human body, and solve the problem that the radiation source is difficult to handle; a true dual-energy X-ray imaging system is used. The identification can eliminate the "thickness effect", improve the identification accuracy, reduce the content of gangue entering the main selection system, reduce the sludge phenomenon of the gangue and the wear rate of the equipment, and reduce the pressure of the coal slurry water treatment system and equipment maintenance costs.

3) The use of manipulators instead of traditional high-pressure air valves for material sorting can not only overcome the short life of high-pressure air valves, prolong the service life of separation equipment, but also reduce coal dust pollution and protect the environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of the patent;

Figure 2 is a top view of the queuing cloth device;

Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of BP neural network;

The corresponding relationship between each structure shown in the figure and the name of the component of the present invention is as follows:

1—feeding hopper 2—spray pipe 3—high frequency screen 4—electromagnetic iron remover 5—conveyor belt 6—electronic belt scale 7—belt cleaner 8—queue distribution device 9—high energy X-ray generator 10—high energy X Ray detector 11—low energy X-ray generator 12—low energy X-ray detector 13—imaging host computer 14—isolation lead room 15—positioning device 16—proximity sensor 17—manipulator 18—PLC control cabinet 19—spraying and desliming device 20—X-ray imaging device 21—BP neural network

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment. The present invention is applied in the intelligent dry coal preparation system of coal preparation plant:

As shown in the figure, an intelligent dry waste removal system based on true dual-energy X-rays includes the following components:

A feeding mechanism (A), which includes a feeding funnel (1) and a spray desliming device (19); the feeding funnel (1) has an inverted cone shape on the outside, a wear-resistant ceramic plate is laid on the inside, and the upper part of the funnel is an inlet The feed port is connected to the underground raw coal feeding belt, and the lower part of the funnel is the discharge port connected to the spray desliming device (19). The raw coal enters the spray desliming device (19) from the feeding funnel (1). (19) It consists of a spray pipe (2) and a high-frequency screen (3). The high-frequency screen (3) is divided into two sections. The material first enters the first half section for spraying and desliming to reduce the coverage of fine mud on the surface of the raw coal. The bottom material enters the raw coal main selection system, and the oversize material enters the rear section of the high-frequency screen for dehydration to reduce the scattering effect of the moisture on the surface of the raw coal on X-rays. Enter the conveying mechanism (B).

A conveying mechanism (B), which includes an electromagnetic separator (4), a conveyor belt (5), an electronic belt scale (6), a belt cleaner (7) and a queuing cloth device (8); the dehydrated sieves enter The conveyor belt (5), the head of the conveyor belt (5) is equipped with an electromagnetic iron remover (4), which can remove iron products and debris in the coal flow, and a belt cleaner (7) is installed at the tail of the belt conveyor for fine-grained materials. The bottom of the conveyor belt is installed with an electronic belt scale (6), which can monitor the feeding amount in real time, and a queuing distribution device (8) is installed above the conveyor belt (5), which is essentially It is composed of several coal gangue channels composed of polyurethane plates. The raw coal on the belt can form multiple regular coal flows after being set by the queuing device, and then enter the identification mechanism (C) for identification.

An identification mechanism (C), the mechanism includes an X-ray imaging device (20), an imaging host computer (13), a BP neural network (21) and an isolation lead room (14); the X-ray imaging device (20) includes an X-ray generator and X-ray detectors, X-ray generators are divided into two groups, namely high-energy X-ray generators (9) and low-energy X-ray generators (11), which can generate rays with intensities of 160k and 90kV respectively, and X-ray detectors are also divided into two groups. The two groups are respectively a high-energy X-ray detector (10) and a low-energy X-ray detector (12), which respectively receive high-energy X-ray signals and low-energy X-ray signals, a high-energy X-ray generator (9) and a high-energy X-ray detector ( 10) A high-energy imaging section is formed, a low-energy X-ray generator (11) and a low-energy X-ray detector (12) are formed to form a low-energy imaging section, and an isolation lead room (14) is installed outside each group of X-ray imaging mechanisms, which can be used for X-ray imaging. When the generator is working, X-rays are isolated to avoid ionizing radiation. The coal flow passes through high and low energy X-rays in turn, and the X-ray intensity is attenuated to different degrees. It is transmitted to the imaging host computer (13), and the imaging host computer (13) performs operations such as smoothing, filtering, noise reduction, reconstruction, etc. on the received X-ray signal to convert it into a grayscale image, and extracts grayscale values and texture features. , material attribute values and other characteristic values, and identify them through the BP neural network (21). The three eigenvalues enter the input layer of the neural network, and the recognition results can be derived at the output layer through the calculation of the BP algorithm in the hidden layer, that is, the material is discriminated as Coal and gangue, identified coal and gangue, enter the sorting mechanism to complete separation (D).

A sorting mechanism (D), which includes a positioning device (15), a manipulator (17) and a PLC control cabinet (18); assuming that the gangue is the material to be sorted in this patent, when the material is identified by the neural network of the imaging mechanism as After the gangue, its position information is transmitted to the positioning device (15) in real time. When the gangue reaches the vicinity of the positioning device, its real-time position information is transmitted to the PLC control cabinet (18); at this time, the PLC control cabinet (18) receives the host computer. Instruct and control the manipulators (17) on both sides of the belt to act. When the proximity sensor (16) on the manipulator determines that the gangue is approaching, the manipulator (17) grabs the gangue to the gangue chute. When the material is recognized by the neural network of the imaging mechanism as After the coal is cleaned, its position information is not shared in real time, and the manipulator (17) does not move. The clean coal is thrown into the clean coal chute by free flat throwing motion at the end of the belt conveyor. At this point, the sorting of coal and gangue is completed. In order to prolong the use of the manipulator The life of the manipulator can be controlled according to the content of coal and gangue in the material. When the gangue content is low, the manipulator clamps the gangue, and when the gangue content is high, the manipulator clamps coal, and PLC control instructions can be written according to the actual situation. .

To sum up, the present invention provides an intelligent dry waste removal system based on true dual-energy X-rays, which integrates feeding, conveying, identification and sorting, and uses BP neural network and PLC for self-learning identification and sorting respectively. It has the advantages of accurate identification, efficient sorting, and high degree of intelligence, which provides a good sorting environment for the subsequent main washing process of raw coal.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides an intelligence dry process waste rock system of arranging based on true dual energy X ray which characterized in that: the outer part of the feeding funnel (1) is in an inverted cone shape, and the inner side wall is laid with a wear-resistant porcelain plate, so that the abrasion of high-hardness materials such as waste rocks and the like to the funnel wall can be reduced; the upper part of the feeding funnel (1) is provided with a feeding hole and is connected with an underground raw coal feeding belt; the lower part of the feeding funnel (1) is provided with a discharge hole and is connected with a spraying desliming device (19), the spraying desliming device (19) consists of a spraying pipe (2) and a high-frequency sieve (3), the high-frequency sieve (3) is divided into two sections, the width of a sieve seam at the front section is 30mm, and the high-frequency sieve and the spraying pipe (2) are combined to play a role in grading desliming; the screen seam at the rear section of the high-frequency screen (3) is 0.5mm, the dewatering effect is achieved, the scattering effect of moisture on the surface of raw coal on X rays is reduced, the transmission effect of the X rays is enhanced, undersize materials of the high-frequency screen (3) are fed into a raw coal main washing system, and oversize materials are fed into the conveying mechanism.

2. The intelligent dry waste rock discharging system based on the true dual-energy X-ray according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conveying mechanism consists of a conveying belt (5), the conveying belt (5) is connected with a screen at the rear section of the high-frequency screen (3) in the feeding mechanism, and an electronic belt scale (6) is arranged below the conveying belt (5) for monitoring the feeding amount in real time; an electromagnetic iron remover (4) is arranged at the front end of the conveying belt (5), so that the pollution of iron-containing impurities in the raw coal to ore dressing is eliminated, and the damage to a belt is reduced; the tail end of the conveying belt (5) is provided with a belt sweeper (7) for sweeping fine materials, so that the wear rate of the conveying belt (5) is further reduced, and the service life of the conveying belt (5) is prolonged; the queuing and distributing device (8) is arranged above about one third of the front end of the conveying belt (5), a plurality of coal gangue channels are formed by polyurethane plates, raw coal can form a plurality of regular coal flows after passing through the queuing and distributing device (8), a subsequent sorting mechanism can conveniently separate coal gangue, and the coal flows in the ordered arrangement enter the recognition mechanism for recognition.

3. The intelligent dry waste rock discharge system based on the true dual-energy X-ray is characterized in that: the identification mechanism mainly comprises an X-ray generator, an X-ray detector, an imaging upper computer (13), a BP neural network (21) and an isolation lead room (14); the X-ray generator is arranged in the middle of the conveying belt (5) and is about 50-70cm away from the upper surface of the conveying belt (5); the X-ray generator is divided into two groups, can generate rays with two intensities, is powered by a 220V conventional power supply, wherein the intensity of high-energy rays is 160kV, the intensity of low-energy rays is 90kV, and the X-ray generator is characterized in that the X-ray generator stops emitting rays after power failure, has no ray residue and cannot cause damage to the body of an inspection worker; the X-ray detectors are arranged below the conveying belt (5), are also divided into two groups and are respectively opposite to the two groups of X-ray generators, wherein the low-energy X-ray detector (12) receives signals of the low-energy X-ray generator (11), the high-energy X-ray detector (10) receives signals of the high-energy X-ray generator (9), the X-ray detector adopts a flat plate detector, and the scintillator adopts cesium iodide material; the imaging upper computer (13) is a microcomputer, the core of the imaging upper computer is imaging software, and the imaging upper computer can receive digital signals from an X-ray detector and convert the digital signals into gray images through a series of operations of smoothing, filtering, noise reduction, reconstruction and the like; the BP neural network (21) is an artificial neural network based on a BP algorithm, is divided into an input layer, an output layer and a hidden layer, has a self-learning function, can capture the nonlinear relation between the input layer and the output layer under the condition that the mutual relation between the input layer and the output layer is not determined, and can be used for automatically learning the characteristics of coal and gangue; keep apart lead house (14) and install in the X ray generator outside for the protective housing that lead plate that the inside lining 2mm is thick made, can keep apart the X ray at X ray generator during operation to play the isolation guard action, avoid the radiation of X ray, raw coal is divided into coal and waste rock after identification mechanism's discernment, gets into sorting mechanism and accomplishes the separation.

4. The intelligent dry waste rock discharging system based on the true dual-energy X-ray according to the claims 1, 2 and 3, is characterized in that: the sorting mechanism mainly comprises a positioning device (15), a manipulator (17) and a PLC control cabinet (18); the positioning device (15) is a photoelectric sensor in essence, the upper computer transmits the position information of the sorted materials to the photoelectric sensor, and when the materials reach the photoelectric module, the photoelectric sensor transmits the information to the PLC control cabinet (18) in real time; the PLC control cabinet (18) is externally connected with the imaging upper computer (13) and is mainly used for receiving instructions of the imaging upper computer (13), controlling the starting, stopping and rotating speed of the belt motor, controlling the actions of the manipulator (17) and the like; the manipulator (17) is hydraulically driven, is controlled by PLC instructions, is arranged on two sides of the belt and replaces hand selection; and a proximity sensor (16) is arranged on the manipulator (17), and when the sorted materials are close to, the manipulator (17) grabs the materials to the product chute to complete the sorting of the coal and the gangue.

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