CN110759552A - 用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110759552A CN110759552A CN201910665494.8A CN201910665494A CN110759552A CN 110759552 A CN110759552 A CN 110759552A CN 201910665494 A CN201910665494 A CN 201910665494A CN 110759552 A CN110759552 A CN 110759552A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- silicate
- water
- drinking water
- sodium
- retentate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法和设备。本发明涉及用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将原料水经由反渗透过程分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物,混合所述渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液,使所述混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度,并且将所述渗余物的至少一部分供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物,从而生产富含硅酸盐的饮用水。另外,本发明涉及用于生产富含有硅酸盐的饮用水的设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法和用于生产富含有硅酸盐的饮用水的设备。
背景技术
针对与水品质下降相关的饮用水消耗增加的背景,除了别的之外,现今常规且通常必要的是使用各种的纯化步骤来在饮用水的生产中处理原料水。特别地,常规通过将原料水去矿物质,例如通过反渗透和接着添加矿物质来实施生产瓶装饮用水。pH值通常通过在矿物质化期间或在反渗透之前添加碱或酸来调节。
这具有以下优势:即使使用不同的原料水,也可以保证恒定的饮用水品质。另外,可以特别地在饮用水中富含具有有益于健康的性能的多种添加剂例如矿物盐。水中的主要矿物质组分为钙、镁、钠、钾、碳酸氢盐、硫酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐、氟化物和硅酸盐,其出于各种原因对人体具有积极效果。例如,人体中需要钙来用于骨形成。特别地,主要以硅酸盐的形成存在于饮用水中的元素硅对人体具有各种积极性能,以致有利的是从饮用水获取硅酸盐。例如,已知的是,硅酸盐能够结合有毒的铝,由此防止或减轻神经退行性疾病例如阿尔茨海默病(V.Rondeau,American Journal of Epidemiology,169,4,2009,第489-496页;Exley等,Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,10,2006,第17-24页)。
然而,其中矿物质添加到例如使用由反渗透产生的渗透物产生的去矿物质的原料水中的这些通常的过程从成本的观点来看是不利的,特别是因为丢弃了不可忽视的比例的原料水(即由反渗透产生的渗余物)。另外,通常难以保持原料水的天然感官特征。原料水的感官特征取决于矿物质浓度,并且将相关矿物质浓度精确调整或恢复到原料水水平在常规过程中是困难和不准确的。
在本技术领域中,已知数种途径来在饮用水中富含较高浓度的硅,以将该元素以充分的量供给至人体。例如,US 2014/0271995 A1示出一种饮用水的制造方法,其中将原料水中添加SiO2作为添加剂,以实现在饮用水中的期望的量的硅酸盐。进一步,CN 104098169B揭示将作为颗粒或粉末的无定形Si添加至纯水。通常,这些途径具有使用SiO2(即,二氧化硅)的形式的硅的缺点。然而,硅酸在酸性和中性pH范围内具有相对低的溶解度,以致必须进行至少一些复杂的工艺步骤例如过滤步骤,以调节饮用水中的期望的硅酸盐含量和除去不需要的颗粒。
进一步,WO2011/009950 A1和WO2011/010188 A1揭示了用于在饮用水中富含原硅酸([Si(OH)4])的方法,其中反渗透工艺步骤接着电渗析用于首先在水中富含硅,然后除去不需要的矿物质。然而,从商业的观点,这些过程也是不利的,这是因为它们仅使用从反渗透得到的渗余物(富含有硅)以生产饮用水,但丢弃得到的渗透物。
US 2005/0247626 A1公开了一种用于从去离子水生产含钙水的方法和设备。WO2011/010188A1揭示了一种用于生产富含有二氧化硅的水的方法。WO2011/009950A1揭示了一种用于生产富含有二氧化硅的水的方法。DE 10 2008 052 001 A1公开了一种水处理工艺。
总的说来,本技术领域中的方法具有以下缺点:仅可以使用高水平的仪器大量地经济地生产具有富含的硅酸盐含量的饮用水。因而,本技术领域中已知的方法和设备具有以下缺点:从成本的观点,它们是不利的。另外,难以用已知的方法和设备在原料水中保持原始矿物质组成,即难以使原料水中存在的其它矿物质的浓度在所得的饮用水中保持恒定。出于该原因,饮用水的天然感官特征通常得不到保留。
例如,水玻璃为对于硅酸的可选硅源。水玻璃定义为在水中高度可溶的硅酸钠、硅酸钾和/或硅酸锂的水溶液。特别地,由硅酸钠或硅酸钾制成的水玻璃大量地商购可得并且同时包含与饮用水相关的元素,钠和钾,并且因此可以潜在地用作用于含硅酸盐的饮用水的添加剂。然而,来自硅酸钠或硅酸钾的水玻璃尚未用于饮用水的商业生产,这是因为这也会同时与饮用水中的钠和/或钾的浓度的高度增加相关。这从健康的观点是不期望的并且还与恶化的感官性能相关,由此特别是,饮用水的天然感官特征得不到保留。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
因而,本发明的任务是提供一种用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法,由此饮用水可以大规模的、成本有效地生产。
另外,任务是提供一种用于生产富含有硅酸盐的饮用水的设备,该饮用水可以大规模的、成本有效地生产。
用于解决问题的方案
该任务应该通过根据本发明项1中所述的方法来解决。所述方法的优选实施方案在本发明项2至9中定义,其也彼此组合包括。进一步,该任务通过根据本发明项10所述的设备来解决。所述设备的优选实施方案在本发明项11至15中定义,其也彼此组合包括。
项1.一种用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将原料水经由反渗透过程分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物,
混合所述渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液,
使混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度,和
将所述渗余物的至少一部分供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物。
项2.根据项1所述的方法,其中所述离子交换过程为反向电渗析和/或电去离子,优选仅使用双极性膜和/或阳离子膜。
项3.根据项1或2所述的方法,其中考虑到所述渗余物的至少一部分的循环,所述渗透物和水玻璃溶液的混合以所述混合物中的硅酸盐的浓度对应于饮用水中的期望的最终硅酸盐浓度的方式进行,所述浓度优选地在50至500mg/l,更优选为100至300mg/l,特别优选为130至250mg/l的范围内。
项4.根据项1至3任一项所述的方法,其中在所述反渗透过程之前将食品安全硬度稳定剂添加至所述原料水。
项5.根据项4所述的方法,其中所述食品安全硬度稳定剂为CO2。
项6.根据项5所述的方法,其进一步包括:在所述反渗透过程之后,优选在将所述渗余物供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物的步骤之后的除去CO2的步骤。
项7.根据项6所述的方法,其中所述除去CO2的步骤通过真空脱气、压力脱气或膜脱气来进行,其中所述除去通过使用或不使用汽提气体的真空脱气来进行。
项8.根据项1至7任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括用膜分离过程、优选经由超滤(UF)来将所述原料水灭菌的步骤和/或将富含硅酸盐的饮用水灭菌的步骤。
项9.一种用于生产富含硅酸盐的饮用水的设备,其包括:
用于将原料水分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物的反渗透单元,
用于混合所述渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液的混合单元,
用于使混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的离子交换器,和
和用于将所述渗余物的至少一部分供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物的供给单元。
项10.根据项9所述的设备,其中所述离子交换器为用于进行反向电渗析和/或电去离子的组件,优选包括双极性膜和/或阳离子膜。
项11.根据项9或10所述的设备,进一步包括用于添加食品级硬度稳定剂的组件和任选的用于除去所述食品级硬度稳定剂的组件。
项12.根据项11所述的设备,其中用于添加所述硬度稳定剂的组件为CO2配量单元。
项13.根据项11或12所述的设备,其中硬度稳定剂除去组件为CO2除去组件,优选为真空脱气单元、压力脱气单元或膜脱气单元,并且其中所述真空脱气单元优选包括汽提气体的计量单元。
项14.根据项9至13任一项所述的设备,其进一步包括用于将原料水灭菌的灭菌单元和/或用于将富含硅酸盐的饮用水灭菌的灭菌单元,所述灭菌单元包括分离膜,优选超滤(UF)膜。
项15.一种用于填充富含硅酸盐的饮用水的填充设备、特别是饮料填充设备,其包括根据项9至14任一项所述的设备,其中所述填充设备优选包括围绕垂直旋转轴旋转的转盘和用于填充所述富含硅酸盐的水的多个相同的填充站,所述多个相同的填充站沿着所述转盘的圆周配置。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出使用阳离子膜、阴离子膜和双极性膜的反向电渗析的原理。
图2示意性地示出仅使用双极性膜和/或阳离子膜的反向电渗析的设计。
图3示出用于饮用水中的硅酸盐的富含的设备的实施方案的示意性实例。
具体实施方式
用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法包括以下步骤:将原料水经由反渗透过程分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物;混合所述渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液;使混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度;和将所述渗余物的至少一部分供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物以获得富含硅酸盐的饮用水。
根据本发明,原料水通过反渗透(OR)分离为渗透物和渗余物。反渗透过程在本技术领域中是已知的,以致适合的设备和过程参数对于一般的技术人员是已知的。渗透物包含从渗余物中分离的去矿物质的原料水(即,反渗透之后的具有高浓度的矿物质的水的部分)。
本发明的观念中的术语"去矿物质的原料水"意指纯水,其总固体含量优选为5ppm以下。总固体含量对应于干燥的残留物。典型地,反渗透以以下方式进行:相对于所使用的原料水的总体积,渗透物占有大约40至99体积%并且渗余物为大约1至60体积%,优选地为45至95体积%渗透物和5至55体积%渗余物,更优选为大约60至90体积%渗透物和10至40体积%渗余物。特别地,体积比优选设定为75体积%渗透物和25体积%渗余物。根据本发明的原料水为例如地下水、地表水、或河水。通常,可以使用对于人类或动物无害的全部类型的原料水。
根据本发明的术语"水玻璃溶液"定义包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水溶液,并且优选为饱和溶液。在实施方案中,水玻璃溶液中的硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的浓度为1mol/L以上、优选2mol/L以上、更优选3mol/L以上、特别优选大于3.2mol/L。此类水玻璃溶液的生产在本技术领域中是已知的并且这里不进一步描述。
通过混合渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液,生产了混合物,所述混合物的硅酸盐浓度可以根据混合比来选择性地富含,以致得到富含了硅酸盐含量的饮用水。水玻璃溶液与水(渗透物)的优选混合体积比在1:10与1:10000之间、优选1:100至1:5000、更优选1:184至1:3061的范围内。
然而,渗透物即去矿物质的原料水与水玻璃溶液的混合物具有非常高的钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度,以致在不进行接着的处理的情况下至少在与硅酸盐含量相关的相关混合比的混合物仅有条件地适用作饮用水,这是因为这将会伴随着不期望的感官性能。出于该原因,根据本发明,混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度,即调节在所得饮用水中的期望的钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度。
根据本发明可以使用全部通常的离子交换过程。实例包括基于使用柱状交换器、DC交换器、逆流式交换器、分层床交换器、多腔交换器、混合床交换器、双流交换器或夹层交换器的过程。可以使用的材料的种类没有限制并且包括例如合成树脂、粘土矿物或沸石。另外,离子交换过程可以通过使用膜的电化学过程,特别是反向电渗析和/或电离来进行。
用于本发明的术语'离子交换过程'涵盖从去矿物质的原料水和水玻璃溶液的混合物除去阳离子特别是钠离子和/或钾离子和将它们由H+代替的全部过程。例如硅酸盐等阴离子的浓度并不由离子交换过程而改变。
水玻璃溶液或去矿物质的原料水和水玻璃溶液的混合物的pH值优选在碱性范围内,例如pH为9以上,这是因为这导致较高溶解度的硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾。所以在pH9以上时的溶解度为250mg/L SiO2以上。相比之下,在中性或酸性pH内的溶解度较低,例如约150至小于250mg/L SiO2。然而,离子交换过程再次降低了pH,以致该过程优选以所得饮用水具有中性pH值的方式来进行。在离子交换过程中的该pH值的变化也是不可以使饱和水玻璃溶液经历离子交换过程的原因,否则在离子交换过程中,硅酸盐会沉淀。采用根据本发明的方法,因此需要在离子交换过程之前将去矿物质的原料水与水玻璃溶液混合,即,不可以从浓缩的水玻璃溶液中除去钠离子和/或钾离子,和仅在离子交换过程之后添加去矿物质化的原料水。
采用本方法,可以经济地以大的技术量生产富含了硅酸盐含量的饮用水。另外,饮用水的天然感官特征通常得到保留(在与渗余物完全再混合的情况下,因为除了富含的硅酸盐含量以外,原料水的组成在其矿物质含量方面不改变)。
在优选实施方案中,离子交换过程为反向电渗析和/或电离。
反向电渗析为优选方法,这是因为其允许特别有效地除去钠离子和/或钾离子。反向电渗析(EDR)使用电压以根据它们的电荷来分离离子。使用阳离子膜、阴离子膜和双极性膜的反向电渗析原理在图1中表明。去矿物质的原料水(RO H2O)和包含硅酸钾(K2OSiO2)的水玻璃溶液的水溶液通过施加电压借助一系列阳离子膜(CM)、阴离子膜(AM)和双极性膜(BM)分离为阴离子和阳离子。以仅阳离子可以渗透的方式设计阳离子膜,而仅阴离子可以渗透过阴离子膜。双极性膜使水分子分离为氢离子和氢氧根离子,防止其它离子转换至膜的另一侧。在进行该过程之后,其分离为酸和碱,即二氧化硅和氢氧化钾。市售可得的仪器可用于进行反向电渗析。适当的EDR系统由制造商MEGA a.s./Czechia或FUJiFilmManufacturing Europe B.V./Netherlands来分布。反向电渗析根据制造商的说明书来进行。
反向电渗析在优选实施方案中仅使用双极性膜和/或阳离子膜来进行。对应的设计在图2中表明,其中仅使用阳离子膜和双极性膜。该设计是有利的,这是因为其允许离子转移更迅速且更有效地进行。另外,惊讶地观察到,在根据图2的方案中,未检测到特别地在碱性pH值下的根据图1中的方案中产生的不利的气味。本设计的另一个优势是在膜中不产生硅酸盐的显著损失。另外,采用EDR系统中的此类膜配置,可以防止可以用作用于增加电导率的电解质的硫酸根离子迁移至产物中。
在另一方案中,离子交换过程为电去离子(EDI)。电去离子过程在本技术领域中是已知的。在H+循环中使用SAC树脂的EDI是优选的。在EDI中,再产生通过施加电压和双极性膜处的水的相关分裂来连续地进行。适当的EDI系统例如由制造商SnowPure WaterTechnologies/USA或EVOQUA Water Technologies LLC销售。电去离子根据制造商的说明书来进行。
水玻璃溶液优选为硅酸钾水玻璃溶液(CAS No.1312-76-1)。硅酸钾水玻璃溶液与硅酸钠水玻璃溶液相比稍微更昂贵。然而,由于它们的具体制造过程,硅酸钠具有不期望的成分例如胺会存在的缺点,这负面地影响水的品质和感官性能。
考虑到与渗余物的至少一部分的接着的返混,渗透物和水玻璃溶液的混合优选以混合物中的硅酸盐的浓度对应于期望的饮用水中的最终硅酸盐浓度的方式进行。这优选在50至500mg/l、更优选100至300mg/l、尤其优选130至250mg/l的范围内。此类过程设计是商业优选的,这是因为可以省略进一步的浓度调节。这简单地确保了饮用水中的最终硅酸盐浓度的期望的增加。
离子交换过程优选以所得钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度在0-10mg/l的范围内,优选在0-5mg/l的范围内,特别优选在0-1mg/l的范围内,进一步优选在0-0.1mg/l的范围内的方式来进行。在该方案中,钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度为0,001mg/l以下。此类低浓度从健康的观点是优选的并且导致所得饮用水的天然感官性能。
在方法的优选方案中,将食品安全硬度稳定剂在反渗透过程之前添加至原料水。向原料水添加硬度稳定剂具有以下优势:例如碳酸钙或铁盐等的金属盐的沉淀和沉积受到抑制。一方面,这防止过程组件中的不期望的沉积物。另一方面,由于沉淀的金属盐颗粒,可以抑制会发生的所得饮用水的任何不期望的浑浊。如果添加硬度稳定剂,则其必须为根据本发明的食品级硬度稳定剂。本发明的观念中的"食品安全"意指硬度稳定剂可以添加至饮用水,而没有任何健康风险。非食品安全硬度稳定剂的使用是不可行的,这是因为这会经由渗余物而进入所生产的饮用水。
作为食品安全硬度稳定剂,根据本发明可以使用满足这些条件,即为食品安全的和用作水中的硬度稳定剂的全部材料。适合的、市售可得的食品安全硬度稳定剂为例如磷酸盐系化合物。这些可以以浓度高达7mg/l的设计的形式添加。然而,根据本发明,优选的是,食品安全硬度稳定剂为CO2,这是因为这允许容易且成本有效地添加CO2。另外,如果仍然要生产饮用水,则CO2可以容易地且便宜地从饮用水中除去。
在一个方案中,本方法包括在反渗透过程之后的CO2的除去的一个步骤。CO2的除去优选在将渗余物添加至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物的步骤之后进行。此类方法设计允许CO2迅速地且有效地从饮用水中除去。
在优选方案中,具有高的硅酸盐含量的饮用水仍然是饮用水。关于使用CO2作为硬度稳定剂,这意味着本方法也包括经由真空脱气、压力脱气或膜脱气除去CO2的步骤。这些脱气过程的组合根据本发明也是可行的。在真空脱气中,脱气通过建立真空而发生。在压力脱气中,将第二气体(例如氮气或空气)添加至水中以代替第一气体(即CO2)。特别地,压力脱气通过使用CO2(向下滴流设备)来进行,借此可以增加表面,这与增加的处理速度相关。另外,真空脱气和压力脱气可以在升高的温度下进行,以提高处理速度。对应的程序安排是众所周知的并且在这里不进一步说明。如果CO2的除去用真空脱气来进行,则真空脱气可以在使用或不使用汽提气体的情况下进行。优选的汽提气体为O2、N2或其它惰性气体。优选地,调节饮用水中的pH值。对于CO2的除去,pH值可以用作控制变量。
在一个方案中,该方法进一步包括将原料水灭菌的步骤和/或将富含有硅酸盐的饮用水灭菌的步骤。灭菌优选使用膜分离过程来进行。然而,其它方法也是可行的,例如UV照射等,只要这些能够确保必要的消毒,以致满足对于饮用水的全部要求。这确保了所得的饮用水在每种情况下(即,即使使用受污染的原料水)都具有所需的水品质。膜分离过程优选经由超滤(UF)进行,这使得特别有效的灭菌是可行的。超滤是其中可以过滤具有特定粒径的颗粒的过滤方法。各种形式的超滤过滤最小直径在0.05μm至0.005μm范围内的颗粒。特别地,优选的是,超滤过滤直径为0.02μm以上的颗粒。对应的膜分离过程是本领域技术并且不会在这里说明。纳滤是不可行的,至少在纳滤的情况下,因为具有非常小直径的颗粒已经用纳滤来过滤,所以在纳滤的情况下离子已经与具有相对大的分子直径的矿物质(例如Ca2 +、Mg2+或SO4 2-)分离。
另外,可以进行用于原料水的纯化或处理的进一步纯化方法。实例包括:使用活性炭过滤器来分离例如有机化合物的吸收过程;如受到硝酸盐污染的水的反硝化等的生物化学过程;如使用氯、臭氧或紫外线照射的处理等的消毒;以及沉淀、絮凝、浮选、氧化、沉积或筛选过程。
所公开的方法的创造性步骤为将渗余物的至少一部分再混合或添加至渗透物与水玻璃溶液的混合物(在借助离子交换过程的混合物的至少一部分的上述处理之后)。在实施的方案中,该方法包括添加至少50体积%、优选至少70体积%、更优选至少90体积%的渗余物。完全的再混合是优选的,这是因为所用的原料水的总体积用于生产饮用水。在再混合之前,渗余物的进一步处理任选地使用这里所述的过程例如灭菌,以及其它过程例如用饮用水的稀释等来进行是可行的。然而,根据本发明,优选的是,如果所用的原料水具有可以返回完全的渗余物的此类品质(特别是矿物质含量)。这允许极其有效且商业上有利的处理管理。
另外,如果需要,其它适当的矿物质可以以适当的浓度添加到饮用水中。这优选借助渗余物来完成。另外,该添加也可以在添加渗余物之后发生。添加矿物质的方法和过程通常是已知的并且在这里不详细地说明。
本发明也涉及一种用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的设备。该设备包括:用于将原料水分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物的反渗透单元;用于混合所述渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液的混合单元;用于使混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的离子交换器;和用于将所述渗余物的至少一部分供给至所处理的渗透物的供给单元。以此方式,富含硅酸盐的饮用水可以简单地且以连续过程来获得。
如上所述,该设备适于实施用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法。使用该设备,可以获得富含有硅酸盐的饮用水,其可以大规模的、成本有效地生产,并且如果其它矿物质的浓度与原料水相比没有改变(即如果完全添加渗余物而不进行进一步处理),则保留其天然感官特征。该设备的进一步优势和设计与该方法相关而记载,并且还适用于该设备。
离子交换器优选为用于进行反向电渗析和/或电离的组件。仅包括双极性膜和/或阳离子膜的反向电渗析是优选的。
在另一方案中,设备包括用于添加食品安全硬度稳定剂的组件。用于配量食品安全的硬度稳定剂的组件优选地以在供给至反渗透单元之前将硬度稳定剂供给至原料水的方式连接至根据本发明的设备。该组件优选适于配量作为硬度稳定剂的CO2。
根据本发明,用于除去食品安全硬度稳定剂的组件可以作为任选而可用的。这可以为用于化学和/或物理地除去硬度稳定剂的适合设备。当CO2用作硬度稳定剂时并且如果设备用于仍然生产饮用水,此类组件特别有用。如果食品安全硬度稳定剂为CO2,优选的是,用于除去CO2的组件为真空脱气单元、压力脱气单元或膜脱气单元,其中真空脱气单元优选包括汽提气体的计量单元。用于除去硬度稳定剂的组件优选地设计为其可以在已经返回渗余物之后除去。
在设计其的方案中,该设备包括用于将原料水灭菌的灭菌单元和/或用于将富含有硅酸盐的饮用水灭菌的灭菌单元。灭菌单元包括分离膜,优选超滤(UF)膜。
另外,本发明包括一种用于填充富含有硅酸盐的饮用水的填充设备、特别是饮料填充设备,该填充设备包括上述设备。该填充设备包括围绕垂直旋转轴旋转的转盘和用于填充富含有硅酸盐的饮用水的多个相同的填充站,所述多个相同的填充站沿着转盘的圆周配置。特别地,填充系统允许将富含有硅酸盐的饮用水有效地且成本有效地填充至瓶中。
该方法和该设备特别适于生产富含硅酸盐含量的饮用水,该饮用水用于治疗神经退行性疾病例如阿尔茨海默病。
本发明和其优势使用图3中示出的实例进一步说明。
图3示出用于生产富含硅酸盐含量的饮用水的本发明的设备的示意性实例。
该设备包括用于将作为食品安全硬度稳定剂的CO2(10)添加至原料水(2)的组件(8)。该设备进一步包括其中将富含CO2的原料水(11)分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物(4)和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物(6)的反渗透单元(12)。另外,设备包括用于制备渗透物(4)和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液(16)的混合物(18)的混合单元(14)。设备进一步包括离子交换器(20),在离子交换器(20)中混合物(18)可以经由离子交换过程转换为降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物(24)和钠离子和/或钾离子(22)。设备还包括用于将渗余物(6)供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物(24)的供给单元(26),以致可以生产富含硅酸盐的饮用水(28)。最后,设备包括用于除去CO2(32)的组件(30),即包含汽提气体的计量单元的真空脱气单元(未示出)。设备还任选包括用于将原料水灭菌的灭菌单元和/或用于将富含有硅酸盐的饮用水灭菌的灭菌单元(未示出)。
使用根据图3的设备,根据本发明的过程可以如下进行:
在根据图3的设备中,将组件(8)中的原料水(2)与CO2(10)混合并且与CO2混合的原料水(11)在反渗透单元(12)中分离为渗透物(4)和渗余物(6)。然后将包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液(16)添加至混合单元(14)中的渗余物(4)。将渗透物和水玻璃溶液的混合物(18)转移至离子交换器(20)中。此处,钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度经由反向电渗析来降低,这作为来自离子交换器(20)的钾离子和/或钠离子(22)来进行。将降低了钾离子和/或钠离子的浓度的混合物(24)转移至其中将渗余物(6)供给至混合物(24)的供给单元(26),由此生产富含硅酸盐的饮用水(28)。然后将CO2(32)使用N2汽提气体经由真空脱气单元在组件(30)中除去,由此仍然生产富含有水的饮用水(34)。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于在饮用水中富含硅酸盐的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将原料水经由反渗透过程分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物,
混合所述渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液,
使混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度,和
将所述渗余物的至少一部分供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述离子交换过程为反向电渗析和/或电去离子,优选仅使用双极性膜和/或阳离子膜。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中考虑到所述渗余物的至少一部分的循环,所述渗透物和水玻璃溶液的混合以所述混合物中的硅酸盐的浓度对应于饮用水中的期望的最终硅酸盐浓度的方式进行,所述浓度优选地在50至500mg/l,更优选为100至300mg/l,特别优选为130至250mg/l的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法,其中在所述反渗透过程之前将食品安全硬度稳定剂添加至所述原料水。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述食品安全硬度稳定剂为CO2。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其进一步包括:在所述反渗透过程之后,优选在将所述渗余物供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物的步骤之后的除去CO2的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述除去CO2的步骤通过真空脱气、压力脱气或膜脱气来进行,其中所述除去通过使用或不使用汽提气体的真空脱气来进行。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括用膜分离过程、优选经由超滤(UF)来将所述原料水灭菌的步骤和/或将富含硅酸盐的饮用水灭菌的步骤。
9.一种用于生产富含硅酸盐的饮用水的设备,其包括:
用于将原料水分离为包含去矿物质的原料水的渗透物和包含富含矿物质的原料水的渗余物的反渗透单元,
用于混合所述渗透物和包含硅酸钠和/或硅酸钾的水玻璃溶液的混合单元,
用于使混合物的至少一部分经历离子交换过程以降低钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的离子交换器,和
和用于将所述渗余物的至少一部分供给至降低了钠离子和/或钾离子的浓度的混合物的供给单元。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其中所述离子交换器为用于进行反向电渗析和/或电去离子的组件,优选包括双极性膜和/或阳离子膜。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的设备,进一步包括用于添加食品级硬度稳定剂的组件和任选的用于除去所述食品级硬度稳定剂的组件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中用于添加所述硬度稳定剂的组件为CO2配量单元。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的设备,其中硬度稳定剂除去组件为CO2除去组件,优选为真空脱气单元、压力脱气单元或膜脱气单元,并且其中所述真空脱气单元优选包括汽提气体的计量单元。
14.根据权利要求9至13任一项所述的设备,其进一步包括用于将原料水灭菌的灭菌单元和/或用于将富含硅酸盐的饮用水灭菌的灭菌单元,所述灭菌单元包括分离膜,优选超滤(UF)膜。
15.一种用于填充富含硅酸盐的饮用水的填充设备、特别是饮料填充设备,其包括根据权利要求9至14任一项所述的设备,其中所述填充设备优选包括围绕垂直旋转轴旋转的转盘和用于填充所述富含硅酸盐的水的多个相同的填充站,所述多个相同的填充站沿着所述转盘的圆周配置。
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