CN110755412A - 一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法,用于改善奥氮平的服药顺应性,属于药物制剂领域。该口溶膜包括药物活性成分和药学适用的辅料,药物活性成分为奥氮平,药学适用的辅料包括:成膜材料,增塑剂和矫味剂;所述的奥氮平口腔速溶膜包含如下重量百分比的组分:奥氮平10~30%,成膜材料40~65%,增塑剂10~30%,矫味剂1~10%;所述成膜材料为聚乙烯醇;所述增塑剂为PEG4000和甘油,二者的重量比为1:0.5~1:1.5。本发明还公开了奥氮平口腔速溶膜的制备方法。此口溶膜具有良好的外观和机械性能,不需要水送服,可在口腔中快速溶解,口服吸收速度快,从而提高了患者的顺应性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂领域,具体的涉及奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
奥氮平(Olanzapine),是第二代抗精神病药,能与多巴胺受体、5-HT受体和胆碱能受体结合,并具有拮抗作用。拮抗D2受体与治疗精神分裂症的阳性症状有关;拮抗5-HT2A受体与治疗精神分裂症的阴性症状有关。不同于氯氮平,奥氮平不会引发粒性白细胞缺乏症,无迟发性障碍和严重的精神抑制症状产生。口服吸收良好,食物对其吸收速率无影响,口服后5~8小时可达到血浆峰浓度。主要在肝脏代谢,约75%的本品以代谢物的形式从尿中排出。
奥氮平是噻酚苯二氮草类衍生物,由氯氮平的分子结构经改造发展而来,药理作用和氯氮平十分相似,有较强的镇静作用和相对轻微的抗胆碱能作用,对催乳素代谢的影响较少,其最大优点是具有与氯氮平相似或相近的疗效而无临床意义的粒细胞缺乏症的危险性,因此,安全性比氯氮平有明显改善,但长期使用所致体重增加、脂质代谢和糖代谢异常与氯氮平相似。
奥氮平由美国礼来公司(Eli Lilly and Company)首先研制合成,1996年9 月奥氮平片(商品名:ZYPREXA)被美国FDA批准上市后,销售额持续增长,成为全球最畅销的抗精神病药物之一。但由于普通片必须在胃中崩解溶出才能开始释放药物,起效较慢,且服用不方便,精神病患者的依从性较差,一定程度上影响了疗效,为解决这个问题,礼来2000年4月在FDA上市了奥氮平口腔崩解片(商品名:ZYPREXA ZYDIS),该剂型可快速在口腔中崩解溶出,吸收速度快,一定程度上解决了患者顺应性的问题。但该剂型的制备工艺为冷冻干燥,冻干工艺需要特殊设备,且生产周期较长,成本高,冻干片还存在易吸潮,易碎的缺点,影响了该制剂的应用。
口腔速溶膜,又称为口腔溶解膜剂、口腔分散膜剂、口腔速溶薄膜剂、口腔速解溶膜,是一种新的药物传递系统,指药物与适宜的成膜材料经加工制成的膜状制剂,供口服或粘膜使用,其大小、形状、厚度类似于邮票,将其置于舌上,无需喝水即可在唾液中快速溶解、释放药物。2015版中国药典对膜剂的定义为药物与适宜的成膜材料经加工制成的膜状制剂,供口服或粘膜使用。药典收载了复方炔诺酮膜和克霉唑药膜等膜剂。2001年,原辉瑞公司旗下的美国口腔护理品牌李施德林推出了口气清新膜被当年美国时代杂志评为最佳发明。在随后的2003~2007年,美国和加拿大推出了50多种口腔膜剂产品,主要集中在OTC和保健品市场。美国FDA评价该剂型为“传统口服剂型中不可取代的新剂型”。2006年,日本上市了第一个口溶膜剂处方药-伏格列波糖口腔溶解膜。 2010年,美国和欧洲分别上市第一个处方药膜昂丹司琼膜(和)。目前,国际上已上市20多种口腔溶解膜剂处方药,包括利培酮、多奈哌齐、西地那非等。随着技术的更新和辅料的发展,越来越多的制药公司开始关注口腔膜剂的发展和应用。
口溶膜剂具有如下优势:
对患者:给药方便,不需饮水即可服用,没有堵塞喉咙的危险;与滴剂、糖浆剂等液体制剂相比,剂量准确、质量稳定;尤其适合儿童患者、精神障碍患者、老年患者及急救服用。
对企业:口溶膜剂生产工艺简单,无粉末飞扬;成膜材料用量少,易于自动化和无菌生产;体积小,重量轻,便于携带、运输和贮存。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种极安全的高分子有机物,对人体无毒,无副作用,具有良好的生物相容性,尤其在医疗中的如其水性凝胶在眼科、伤口敷料和人工关节方面有广泛应用,同时聚乙烯醇薄膜在药用膜,人工肾膜等方面也有使用。其安全性可以从用于伤口皮肤修复和眼部滴眼液产品可见一斑。其中一些型号也常被用在化妆品中的面膜、洁面膏、化妆水及乳液中,是一种常用的安全性成膜剂。PVA具有如下优良性质:水溶性好,水温越高,溶解度越大,几乎不溶于有机溶剂;成膜性好,易成膜,其膜的机械性能优良,膜的拉伸强度随聚合度、醇解度升高而增强;热稳定性好,在140℃以下不发生任何变化。
专利CN102920683公开了一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法,保护了聚氧乙烯作为成膜材料。然而,采用该高分子材料做成膜材料时,发现膜剂在裁剪分割过程中容易发生形变和断裂;且聚氧乙烯的典型玻璃转化温度范围为 65℃~67℃,不具有理想的热稳定性,其在工业生产的制备和贮存过程中存在如下问题:膜剂制备过程中溶剂的干燥较为困难;膜剂的贮存温度不能过高,过高的放置温度容易使聚氧乙烯的理化性质发生改变,从而对膜剂在口腔中的溶解产生影响。
专利CN104013602公开了一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法,先把奥氮平制成固体分散体、包合物、胶束、脂质体等新剂型,再加入成膜材料和其他辅料制备奥氮平口溶膜。然而,其所采用的固体分散体、包合物、胶束、脂质体等新剂型的工艺难度较大,对设备的要求也较高,所用到的辅料成本也较大,并且,先制备新剂型,再冻干,再制备成口溶膜的工艺更加复杂,大大增加了生产成本。
专利CN 104546807公开了一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法,保护了明胶作为成膜材料,并且将奥氮平的比例提高至35%以上,同时将成膜材料比例下降至40%以下。然而,采用明胶作为成膜材料或者将成膜材料比例下降至40%以下,发现制备得到的膜剂外观均匀性较差,不够光滑,且抗拉强度较低、易折断,膜剂的柔韧性较差,从而不利于生产、运输和使用。
因此,临床上急需一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜,同时具备良好外观和机械性能,并且达到口服吸收速度快,药效发挥快的要求,以更好的满足精神病患者的需要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种良好外观和机械性能、在口腔中迅速溶解、口服吸收快、药效发挥快的奥氮平口腔速溶膜。
本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜含有奥氮平、成膜材料、增塑剂和矫味剂。本发明奥氮平口腔速溶膜中奥氮平占膜剂总重10%~30%,成膜材料40~65%,增塑剂 10~30%,矫味剂1~10%;所述成膜材料为聚乙烯醇;所述增塑剂为PEG4000和甘油,二者的重量比为1:0.5~1:1.5。
本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,所述成膜材料聚乙烯醇的重量百分比优选为 47%~57%。
本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,所述增塑剂的重量百分比优选为20~30%。
本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,所述增塑剂PEG4000和甘油的重量比优选为 1:1。
本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,所述矫味剂选自三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、甜菊苷、糖精钠、木糖醇、山梨醇、柠檬香精、草莓香精中的一种或几种,其中优选三氯蔗糖和草莓香精。
本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜可采用如下步骤制备:
(1)将水加热至70~80℃70~80℃,加入聚乙烯醇搅拌使其溶解,冷却至室温后,滴加甘油搅拌均匀;
(2)将PEG4000和矫味剂依次加入,充分搅拌溶解;
(3)加入奥氮平原料药,搅拌过夜使其分散均匀;
(4)加入乙醇超声,置于真空干燥器中除去气泡;
(5)将药液涂布至PE薄膜上,60℃干燥;
(6)将得到的膜剂从背衬膜上剥离,裁剪分割,密封包装,即得。
本发明所提供的奥氮平口腔速溶膜具备如下特征:
(1)外观均匀,具有光滑质感;口感良好;体积小、质量轻,方便携带、贮存和运输。
(2)溶解速度快,在15秒内膜剂即可快速崩解完全,并将主药分散开。
(3)具有良好的机械性能,可保证在生产、运输和使用过程中保持膜剂的完整。
(4)剂量准确,制备工艺简单,成本较低,性质稳定。
(5)良好的顺应性,尤其适合儿童、老年人和具有呕吐症状的吞咽困难患者服用,且放入口中立即溶解,可防止儿童吐药。
本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,制备工艺简单,生产周期短,成本低,且具备良好外观和机械性能,可以产生更好的社会效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明的奥氮平口腔速溶膜(实施例1)与市售奥氮平口崩片的溶出曲线对比图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例来进一步解释和说明本发明所涉及的奥氮平口腔速溶膜及其制备方法。应当理解为:本发明的实施例仅为说明本发明而给出,并非对本发明的限制,在本发明技术方案的前提下任何对本发明的简单改进均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
工艺:
(1)将水加热至70~80℃,加入聚乙烯醇搅拌使其溶解,冷却至室温后,滴加甘油搅拌均匀;
(2)将PEG4000和三氯蔗糖、草莓香精依次加入,充分搅拌溶解;
(3)加入奥氮平,搅拌过夜使其分散均匀;
(4)加入乙醇超声,置于真空干燥器中除去气泡;
(5)将药液涂布至PE薄膜上,60℃干燥;
(6)将得到的膜剂从背衬膜上剥离,裁剪分割,密封包装,即得。
实施例2
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
(1)将PEG4000、甘油、三氯蔗糖和草莓香精依次加入到100g的乙醇/水溶液(乙醇:水=1:4),充分搅拌溶解,再加入聚氧乙烯,充分搅拌均匀;
(2)加入奥氮平,搅拌过夜使其分散均匀;
(3)置于真空干燥器中除去气泡;
(4)将药液涂布至PE薄膜上,60℃干燥;
(5)将得到的膜剂从背衬膜上剥离,裁剪分割,密封包装,即得。
实施例3
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水在烘干过程中除去。
(1)将PEG4000、甘油、三氯蔗糖和草莓香精加入到10g纯水中,充分搅拌溶解,再加入明胶,60~70℃水浴充分搅拌溶解得到明胶空白胶液;
(2)加入奥氮平,搅拌过夜使其分散均匀;
(3)置于真空干燥器中除去气泡;
(4)将药液涂布至PE薄膜上,60℃干燥;
(5)将得到的膜剂从背衬膜上剥离,裁剪分割,密封包装,即得。
实施例4
处方量1000片(10mg规格)
*处方中水在烘干过程中除去。
(1)将PEG4000、甘油、三氯蔗糖和草莓香精加入到10g纯水中,充分搅拌溶解,再加入明胶,60~70℃水浴充分搅拌溶解得到明胶空白胶液;
(2)加入奥氮平,搅拌过夜使其分散均匀;
(3)置于真空干燥器中除去气泡;
(4)将药液涂布至PE薄膜上,60℃干燥;
(5)将得到的膜剂从背衬膜上剥离,裁剪分割,密封包装,即得。
实施例1-4的对比
结果显示,实施例1采用聚乙烯醇作为成膜材料具有更好的机械性能,膜剂的强度更大,韧性更好,脆性更低,且崩解更快;实施例2采用聚氧乙烯作成膜材料时,膜的脆性过高,容易折断。实施例3和实施例4加入了不同用量比例的明胶作成膜材料,分别约为53.6%和35.7%,结果显示,采用明胶作成膜材料时,膜虽具备一定韧性,但相比聚乙烯醇仍要明显差一些,并且当明胶用量比例下降至40%以下时,制备的膜剂韧性明显变差,脆性增加。
按照实施例1制备奥氮平口腔速溶膜与市售奥氮平口崩片在0.1mol/L盐酸溶液中的溶出曲线对比详见附图1。
表1不同成膜材料及成膜材料比例对膜剂机械性能和崩解时限的影响(n=3)
口溶膜剂的机械性能考察指标包括了抗拉强度、百分伸长率和耐折度。
抗拉强度即强度极限,是指拉断口腔膜剂时所用的最大的力。强度越大,说明膜剂越不容易被拉断。
百分伸长率是指膜受外力拉伸,断裂时增加的长度与原始长度的比值。百分伸长率越大,亦说明膜剂韧性越好。
耐折度代表了膜的脆性,即在同一位置折叠后断裂或出现明显折痕的折叠次数,次数越少,说明膜剂脆性越高。
抗拉强度(Tensile strength)是膜剂断裂时所施加的最大应力,膜剂在受到拉伸应力时产生的形变量称为伸长率,其相对于原始长度的比值即为百分伸长率 (Percentelongation)。抗拉强度和百分伸长率测定方法如下:选取膜剂4个角和正中央,共5个点,用测厚规测定其厚度,计算平均值即得膜剂的厚度。使用夹具将膜剂两端各夹住0.5cm,使夹具之间距离为1cm,拉力计以50mm/min匀速拉伸,记录拉断时的最大拉力和断裂时两夹具之间的距离,按照下列公式计算膜剂的抗拉强度、百分伸长率:
耐折度考察膜剂因受力弯曲而不断裂的性质,测试时将膜剂沿中线相同位置180°折叠,反复多次直至膜剂断裂或产生明显裂痕时,记录折叠次数即为耐折度。
崩解时限测定方法参考中国药典第四部0921项崩解时限检查法,采用升降式崩解仪,调整崩解仪吊篮上下移动距离为55mm±2mm,往返频率为30-32次/ 分钟,调节吊篮位置,使吊篮下降时底部筛网距烧杯底部25mm。向烧杯中加入脱气水,调节水位高度使吊篮上升时筛网在水面下15mm处,加热至37℃±1℃。将膜剂用回形针固定,放入吊篮中,记录膜剂完全崩解通过筛网所需要的时间。
实施例5
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例5-实施例12奥氮平口腔速溶膜的制备工艺:
(1)将水加热至70~80℃,加入聚乙烯醇搅拌使其溶解,冷却至室温后,滴加甘油搅拌均匀;
(2)将PEG4000和三氯蔗糖、草莓香精依次加入,充分搅拌溶解;
(3)加入奥氮平,搅拌过夜使其分散均匀;
(4)加入乙醇超声,置于真空干燥器中除去气泡;
(5)将药液涂布至PE薄膜上,60℃干燥;
(6)将得到的膜剂从背衬膜上剥离,裁剪分割,密封包装,即得。
实施例6
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例1、5-6的对比
实施例5中的PVA用量比例仅为35.0%,膜的强度小,韧性差、脆性高,容易被拉断和折断;实施例6中的PVA用量比例增加至65.8%时,膜的强度明显变大,韧性增强,但崩解时限明显延长。
表2 PVA不同用量比例对膜剂机械性能和崩解时限的影响(n=3)
实施例7
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例8
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例9
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例10
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例11
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例12
处方量1000片(5mg规格)
*处方中水和乙醇在烘干过程中除去。
实施例1、7-12的对比
实施例7中只采用了甘油作增塑剂,制备得到的膜剂外观平整、均匀,膜的韧性较好、不易折断,但强度较低,容易被拉断;
实施例8中只采用了PEG4000作增塑剂,制备得到的膜剂外观平整、均匀,膜的强度较大,但韧性较差,脆性高,容易折断;高分子量的PEG能在分散介质中形成网状结构,具有更高的粘滞性,能使药物滞留在其间隙从而抑制药物相互聚集,形成更为稳定的高度分散状态。但PEG4000增塑效果较差,因此需要将PEG4000作为助悬剂与其他增塑剂联用;
实施例9中PEG4000:甘油=2:1,实施例10中PEG4000:甘油=1:2,相比较实施例1,实施例9的膜韧性差一些,实施例10中的膜则强度偏低。
实施例11中增塑剂用量比例过低仅为8.3%,膜的脆性明显过高,容易折断。
实施例12中增塑剂用量比例达到了31.2%,膜的强度明显偏小,容易拉断。说明当增塑剂用量过大时,大大削弱了PVA高分子聚合物间的引力,使膜剂玻璃化温度降低,粘度变小,流动性增加。
表3增塑剂不同用量比例及PEG4000/甘油比例对膜剂机械性能和崩解时限的影响(n=3)
Claims (6)
1.一种奥氮平口腔速溶膜,其特征在于,(1)所述的奥氮平口腔速溶膜包含如下重量百分比的组分:奥氮平10~30%,成膜材料40~65%,增塑剂10~30%,矫味剂1~10%;(2)所述成膜材料为聚乙烯醇;(3)所述增塑剂为PEG4000和甘油,二者的重量比为1:0.5~1:1.5。
2.如权利要求1所述的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,其特征在于,所述成膜材料聚乙烯醇的重量百分比为47~57%。
3.如权利要求1所述的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂的重量百分比为20~30%。
4.如权利要求1所述的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂中PEG4000和甘油的比例为1:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的奥氮平口腔速溶膜,其特征在于,所述矫味剂选自三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、甜菊苷、糖精钠、木糖醇、山梨醇、柠檬香精、草莓香精中的一种或几种。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的奥氮平口腔速溶膜的制备方法,其特征在于,
包括以下步骤:
(1)将水加热至70~80℃,加入聚乙烯醇搅拌使其溶解,冷却至室温后,
滴加甘油搅拌均匀;
(2)将PEG4000和矫味剂依次加入,充分搅拌溶解;
(3)加入奥氮平原料药,搅拌过夜使其分散均匀;
(4)加入乙醇超声,置于真空干燥器中除去气泡;
(5)将药液涂布至PE薄膜上,60℃干燥;
(6)将得到的膜剂从背衬膜上剥离,裁剪分割,密封包装,即得。
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