CN110754662B - Yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people prone to fatigue and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people prone to fatigue and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754662B CN110754662B CN201911074980.9A CN201911074980A CN110754662B CN 110754662 B CN110754662 B CN 110754662B CN 201911074980 A CN201911074980 A CN 201911074980A CN 110754662 B CN110754662 B CN 110754662B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are easy to fatigue and a preparation method thereof. The granule is prepared by taking fresh chicken and yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris as main raw materials, taking radix puerariae, radix astragali, medlar, Chinese date and prepared rhizome of rehmannia as auxiliary materials, stewing, extracting, vacuum concentrating, separating water and oil to obtain fat-free yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris fresh chicken essence, embedding and homogenizing by adopting beta-cyclodextrin to form a uniform system, and performing spray drying treatment. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, the used instruments and equipment have low cost, the enterprise large-scale production can be realized, the popularization is strong, the obtained yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary is free of grease and salt, has a certain health-care effect on people who are easy to fatigue, has a certain auxiliary immunity-improving effect, is convenient to carry and good in taste, has a special flavor of cordyceps sinensis, is rich in nutrition, and can be used as a supplement food for people who are easy to fatigue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medicinal granule, in particular to a yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence medicinal granule suitable for people who are easy to fatigue and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of society, the pace of work and life of people is obviously accelerated, and the problem of easy fatigue caused by over-pressure, abnormal work and rest, irregular diet and the like is on an increasing trend among common people. Fatigue can be broadly divided into three types: physical fatigue is often seen in physical workers, and is caused by heavy physical labor or excessive physical exercise, muscles of the whole body are in a high-tension state, a large amount of metabolic waste such as lactic acid, fatigue toxin and the like are accumulated in the body and reach the whole body including the brain along with blood circulation. It is manifested as soreness and weakness of hands and feet, and a clear decline of physical strength of the whole body. Mental fatigue is mainly seen in mental workers, and due to the fact that complicated mental work is performed for a long time and a large amount of energy is consumed, blood and oxygen supply of the brain is insufficient, and normal functions of brain cells are weakened. It is manifested as dizziness, hypomnesis, attention deficit, insomnia and dreaminess. Psychological fatigue is caused by high intensity stress and stress in modern life, and mental burden due to overload causes the mind to be in a state of confusion and restlessness, depression or anxiety.
The fatigue is easy to cause, belongs to one of sub-health problems, and in the modern society, many people are in a chronic fatigue state for a long time, firstly, the body is full of fatigue, then the insomnia is caused, the symptoms such as headache, oral ulcer and the like are caused, if the body (physical strength, mental strength or psychological) is in the fatigue state for a long time, the working efficiency is reduced, the immunity of the human body is damaged, cancer cells hidden in the body can grow rapidly, and various diseases are induced. The daily information of people in recent years indicates that only four steps are needed from fatigue to cancer, namely mild fatigue, deep fatigue, internal variation of important organs and carcinogenesis. Therefore, for the people who are easy to fatigue, the original living habits are changed, the sleep and the physical exercise are ensured, the attention on the diet health is paid, and the nutritional and nourishing food is selected as the daily supplement, the physical fitness is enhanced, and the fatigue is relieved. Therefore, the supplementary food which is convenient to carry and eat, good in taste and rich in nutrition is the demand of people who are easy to fatigue, and is also the hotspot of the current food research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are easy to fatigue.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the preparation method of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for the crowds with fatigue.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are prone to fatigue comprises the following components in parts by mass: 750-880 parts of fresh chicken, 2-8 parts of dried cordyceps militaris, 3-6 parts of kudzu root, 3-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of medlar, 1-3 parts of jujube and 1-3 parts of prepared rhizome of rehmannia; the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 750-800 parts of fresh chicken, 4-5 parts of dried cordyceps militaris, 3 parts of kudzu root, 4 parts of astragalus root, 2 parts of medlar, 2 parts of Chinese date and 1.5 parts of prepared rhizome of rehmannia; more preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 750 parts of fresh chicken, 4 parts of dried cordyceps militaris, 3 parts of radix puerariae, 4 parts of radix astragali, 2 parts of medlar, 2 parts of Chinese date and 1.5 parts of prepared rhizome of rehmannia.
The kudzu root, the astragalus root, the medlar, the Chinese date and the prepared rhizome of rehmannia in the components are preferably dry products.
A preparation method of a yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are prone to fatigue comprises the following steps:
(1) taking fresh chicken, dried cordyceps militaris of yellow silkworm, kudzuvine root, astragalus, medlar, Chinese date and prepared rhizome of rehmannia, cleaning, adding water, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution of chicken essence of yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris;
(2) filtering the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), and concentrating the filtrate to obtain a concentrated solution of the chicken essence of the yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris;
(3) performing water-oil separation treatment on the concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) to obtain a deoiling concentrated solution of the chicken essence of the cordyceps militaris of the yellow silkworm;
(4) adding an embedding medium into the deoiling concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), and homogenizing to obtain a homogeneous system of the mixed solution of the yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris and chicken essence;
(5) performing spray drying treatment on the mixed solution obtained in the step (4) to obtain powdered chicken essence of the yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris;
(6) and (5) sterilizing the powdery cordyceps militaris chicken essence obtained in the step (5), and packaging to obtain the cordyceps militaris chicken essence granules.
The yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris dry product in the step (1) is prepared by the following method:
a. feeding the hatched yellow silkworm to cocooning;
b. cutting silkworm cocoon, taking out fresh healthy yellow blood silkworm pupa, and sterilizing the surface; inoculating Cordyceps into pupa Bombycis of yellow blood silkworm under aseptic condition, culturing, and hardening;
c. culturing the stiff and hardened yellow silkworm pupa, collecting the cordyceps militaris when the cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies grow to 6-8 cm or no longer grow, and drying to obtain a yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris dry sample.
The breeding in the step a is carried out in a sterilized artificial climate incubator.
The feeding conditions in step a are preferably: feeding the first and second instar silkworms at the temperature of 27-28 ℃ and with the dry-wet difference of 0.5-1 ℃; feeding silkworms of the third age at the temperature of 26.5-27.5 ℃ and the dry-wet difference of 1-1.5 ℃; feeding silkworms of the fourth age at a temperature of 26-27 ℃ with a dry-wet difference of 1.5-2 ℃; the rearing temperature of the fifth instar silkworm is 25.5-26 ℃, the dry-wet difference is 2-2.5 ℃, and the illumination is uniform.
The inoculation amount of the cordyceps in the step b is preferably that each pupa is inoculated with 0.1mL of cordyceps with the concentration of 1 × 10 3 ～1×10 6 Per mL of cordyceps sinensis; more preferably, the pupae are inoculated with 0.1mL of the pupae with the concentration of 1X 10 5 Per mL of cordyceps.
The conditions for the cultivation in step b are preferably: the temperature is 22-28 ℃ and the humidity is 80-90%.
The culture time in the step c is preferably 7-10 days.
The conditions for the cultivation in step c are preferably: the temperature is 18-22 ℃, the humidity is 85-90%, and blue light irradiation is added on the basis of natural light.
The wavelength range of the blue light is preferably 440-480 nm.
The blue light irradiation time is preferably 2-5 h.
The culturing step described in step c is preferably as follows: the position of the culture container is periodically adjusted after the fruiting body is formed to change the direction of light irradiation.
The drying temperature in the step c is preferably 50-55 ℃.
The water in the step (1) is preferably pure water.
The addition amount of the water in the step (1) is preferably as follows: water 1 kg: (6.5-8.0) L.
The fresh chicken meat in the step (1) is preferably small-block-shaped fresh chicken meat; more preferably 2cm × 2cm of fresh chicken in small pieces.
The stewing and extracting in the step (1) is preferably realized by adopting a pressure cooker.
The stewing and extracting conditions in the step (1) are preferably as follows: the temperature is 100-120 ℃, the pressure is 50-70 Kpa, and the time is 15-25 min.
Preferably, a mesh screen with 75-85 meshes is adopted for filtering in the step (2); more preferably an 80 mesh screen.
The temperature of the concentration in the step (2) is preferably 60 to 80 ℃.
The volume of the concentrated solution in the step (2) is preferably 1/3-1/4 of the original filtrate.
The water-oil separation treatment in the step (3) is preferably realized by adopting a disc-type centrifuge.
The disc type centrifuge is preferably set to have the rotating speed of 8000 rpm-10000 rpm and the time of 15-30 min.
The embedding medium in the step (4) is preferably beta-cyclodextrin.
The addition amount of the beta-cyclodextrin is preferably as follows: the mass volume ratio of the concentrated solution is 0.6-1.0%.
The conditions of the homogenization treatment in the step (4) are preferably: the pressure intensity is 20-40 MPa.
The number of homogenization treatment in the step (4) is preferably 1-2.
The conditions of the drying process described in step (5) are preferably: the air inlet temperature is 180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃, and the speed is 250 mL/h.
The sterilization process in the step (6) is preferably microwave drying sterilization.
The conditions for microwave drying and sterilization are preferably as follows: the power is 20kW to 100kW, the microwave frequency is 2450 +/-50 MHz, and the conveying belt speed is 0.5 m/min to 5 m/min.
The packaging bag used for packaging in the step (6) is preferably a light-proof and oxygen-proof packaging bag; more preferably an aluminized bag.
The traditional Chinese medicine considers that the cordyceps sinensis enters the lung and kidney two channels, can tonify lung yin and kidney yang, and is mainly used for treating kidney deficiency, impotence and spermatorrhea, soreness and pain of waist and knees, weakness after illness, chronic cough and weakness, cough with excessive phlegm and blood, spontaneous perspiration and night sweat and the like. Modern science proves that the silkworm chrysalis cordyceps contains various bioactive substances such as cordycepin, adenosine, cordycepic acid, cordyceps polysaccharide, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the like, and has special nutritional value and obvious medicinal value. Cordycepin is a nucleoside substance with antibacterial activity, has strong inhibitory effect on nucleoside polyadenylic acid polymerase, can inhibit growth of cancer cells, and has blood sugar lowering effect. Adenosine has effects of protecting cardiovascular system and central nervous system, tranquilizing, hypnotizing, and resisting epilepsia. Cordycepic acid (mannitol) can remarkably reduce intracranial pressure, promote metabolism, and relieve cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis. Cordyceps polysaccharide is a highly branched galactomannan, and can promote lymphocyte transformation, improve antibody content of serum IgG and immunity of organism, and enhance anticancer ability of organism. Superoxide dismutase can eliminate superoxide radical in organism, and has antiaging, anticancer, and anticancer effects. In addition, the silkworm chrysalis cordyceps also contains ergosterol with the functions of resisting cancer, preventing senility and reducing toxicity and rich selenium (Se), and the trace element is well known to be a trace element necessary for human bodies.
The radix Puerariae is rich in starch, flavonoid, trace elements, dietary fiber, etc., and has effects of regulating endocrine, enhancing immunity, lowering blood pressure, improving blood circulation, clearing pathogenic fire and removing toxic substance.
The medicinal use of astragalus has been in the past for more than 2000 years, and the modern medical research shows that the astragalus has the functions of enhancing the immunologic function of organisms, protecting the liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress, reducing blood pressure and having wider antibacterial action. Radix astragali can not only dilate coronary artery, improve myocardial blood supply, and enhance immunity, but also delay cell aging process.
The medlar has a long history of homology of medicine and food, contains special nutritional ingredients such as medlar polysaccharide, betaine, and baccatin besides various amino acids, and has the effects of regulating immunity, protecting eyes, resisting radiation damage, tonifying liver and kidney, moistening lung and relieving cough.
The Chinese date can increase myocardial contraction force, improve myocardial nutrition and have certain curative effects on eye diseases, nyctalopia, dry and withered hair, chapped skin, dysphoria, hypomnesis, insomnia and the like.
Prepared rehmannia root is well known for its efficacies of enriching blood, nourishing yin, replenishing essence and benefiting marrow, and the like, contains abundant beneficial components such as glucose, mannitol, iron vitamin A, various amino acids and the like, and is often used as one of the necessary health-preserving first-choice products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a preparation method of a yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are easy to fatigue, and the obtained yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary has a special cordyceps sinensis flavor, is free of addition of grease and salt, is convenient to carry and store, has a good taste and rich nutrition, and can be used as a supplement food for people who are easy to fatigue.
(2) The yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary prepared by the method is in powder shape, is externally packaged by adopting an independent packaging bag, and has the advantages of light weight, convenience in carrying and eating, difficulty in damage, easiness in storage and the like compared with a traditional glass bottle-packaged form of liquid chicken essence.
(3) The yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris in the raw materials for preparing the product is cultivated by inoculating cordyceps militaris with an optimized special yellow blood silkworm variety, and the contents of cordycepin and adenosine which are important active ingredients for resisting fatigue and improving immunity are higher than those of common cordyceps militaris, so that the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris has higher anti-fatigue health care value.
(4) In the preparation process of the dry sample of the yellow-blood silkworm cordyceps militaris, the invention adopts a silkworm breeding mode of total artificial climate culture, and the breeding environment with asepsis, temperature control and humidity control ensures that the obtained yellow-blood silkworm pupa has a bigger body type than that of the conventional rural extensive breeding, the protein, amino acid and other nutritional ingredients are richer, and the detection result shows that the subsequently produced yellow-blood silkworm cordyceps militaris has higher cordycepin and adenosine contents.
(5) The method is simple and easy to operate, the cost of used instruments and equipment is low, the enterprise large-scale production can be realized, and the method has strong popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are, however, not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preparing a yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris dry sample:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) putting a hatched excellent yellow silkworm into a sterilized artificial climate incubator, wherein the yellow silkworm is changed (disclosed in the literature, "difference between characters and cocoon colors of natural colored cocoon varieties of silkworms, Guangdong silkworm industry, 2009, 43 (3): 29-32)", and the temperature of first and second instar silkworms is 27.5 ℃, and the difference between dry humidity and humidity is 0.8 ℃; the temperature of the third instar silkworm is 27.0 ℃, and the difference between dry and wet is 1.2 ℃; the temperature of the fourth year is 26.5 ℃, and the difference between dry and wet is 1.5 ℃; the fifth instar silkworm is bred with fresh high-quality mulberry leaves to cocoons carefully under the conditions of 26.0 ℃ of temperature, 2 ℃ of difference between dry and wet and uniform illumination.
(2) After pupating for 2 days, cutting silkworm cocoon, taking out fresh and healthy yellow blood silkworm pupa, and culturing Cordyceps Brazilian 201 under aseptic condition # (the unit collects, separates, identifies and stores in the field in 90 years, and has been disclosed in the literature 'live silkworm pupa culture cordyceps sinensis test, Guangdong silkworm industry, 2007, 41 (1): 42-45'), injects and inoculates cordyceps sinensis per pupa into yellow blood silkworm pupa with disinfected surface, and uses an inoculation gun to inoculate cordyceps sinensis per pupa to 0.1mL, and the bacterial liquid concentration is 1 multiplied by 10 5 one/mL.
(3) Placing the inoculated yellow blood silkworm pupa in a sterilized artificial climate incubator, allowing the yellow blood silkworm pupa to become rigid and hard under the temperature and humidity conditions of 25 ℃ and 85% RH, transferring the rigid pupa body to a sterilized bottle for culturing after 8 days, wherein the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 88%, blue light (with the wavelength of 440-. Collecting when the fruiting body of Cordyceps grows to about 7.5cm, and oven drying at 55 deg.C to obtain dry sample of Cordyceps militaris.
Example 1
A yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for being taken by people prone to fatigue is prepared by the following steps:
(1) taking 750g of fresh chicken, cutting into small blocks of 2cm multiplied by 2cm, taking 4g of dry yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris sample, 3g of radix puerariae, 4g of radix astragali, 2g of medlar, 2g of jujube and 1.5g of radix rehmanniae preparata, cleaning all the raw materials, putting the cleaned raw materials into a pressure cooker, adding 5500g of pure water, setting the temperature at 110 ℃, the pressure at 50Kpa and the extraction time at 20min, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution of yellow silkworm cordyceps chicken essence;
(2) filtering the extractive solution with 80 mesh sieve, vacuum concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating at 70 deg.C to 1/3 of the total volume of the original filtrate to obtain concentrated solution of chicken essence of yellow silkworm and Cordyceps;
(3) placing the concentrated solution in a disc centrifuge, setting the rotation speed at 10000rpm, and centrifuging for 20min to obtain deoiling concentrated solution of the chicken essence of the cordyceps militaris;
(4) adding 1g of beta-cyclodextrin into the deoiling concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), and carrying out homogenization treatment for 1-2 times by using a high-pressure homogenizer, wherein the pressure is set to be 30Mpa, so as to obtain a homogeneous system of mixed solution of the yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence;
(5) putting the mixed solution obtained in the step (4) into a spray dryer for spraying powder, setting the air inlet temperature to be 180 ℃, the air outlet temperature to be 90 ℃ and the speed to be 250mL/h, and obtaining the yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence which is dried into powder;
(6) carrying out microwave sterilization or irradiation sterilization treatment on the powdery chicken essence of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris, and packaging the sterilized powdery chicken essence of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris in an aluminum-plated bag, wherein 2g of the bag is used for each bag, thus obtaining the chicken essence electuary of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris.
Example 2
(1) Taking 800g of fresh chicken, cutting into small blocks of 2cm multiplied by 2cm, taking 5g of dry cordyceps militaris sample, 3g of radix puerariae, 4g of radix astragali, 2g of medlar, 2g of jujube and 1.5g of radix rehmanniae preparata, cleaning all the raw materials, putting the cleaned raw materials into a pressure cooker, adding 6000g of pure water, setting the temperature at 110 ℃, the pressure at 50Kpa and the extraction time at 20min, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution of cordyceps militaris chicken essence;
(2) the subsequent treatment is the same as the example 1, and the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary is obtained.
Example 3
(1) Taking 750g of fresh chicken, cutting into small blocks of 2cm multiplied by 2cm, taking 4g of dry yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris sample, 3g of radix puerariae, 4g of radix astragali, 2g of medlar, 2g of jujube and 1.5g of radix rehmanniae preparata, cleaning all the raw materials, putting the cleaned raw materials into a pressure cooker, adding 5500g of pure water, setting the temperature at 110 ℃, the pressure at 50Kpa and the extraction time at 20min, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution of yellow silkworm cordyceps chicken essence;
(2) filtering the extractive solution with 80 mesh sieve, vacuum concentrating the filtrate, and concentrating at 70 deg.C to 1/4 of the total volume of the original filtrate to obtain concentrated solution of HUANGXUESHAN Cordyceps chicken essence;
(3) the subsequent treatment is the same as the embodiment 1, and the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary is obtained.
Comparative example 1
(1) Setting 4 different treatments (serial numbers I, II, III and IV), selecting two Guangdong No. two white blood silkworms (disclosed in the literature 'Breeding of a new silkworm variety Yue silkworm No. 6 (Feng 9-Chun 5 Xxiang A grinding 7), silkworm industry science, 2006, 32 (3): 428 cake 431') by using 4g of dried pupa (prepared by drying fresh silkworm pupa at 60-70 ℃), selecting 4g of dried yellow blood silkworm pupa by using II, selecting 4g of dried white blood silkworm pupa cordyceps sinensis by using III, selecting 4g of dried yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris by using IV, cutting the fresh chicken 750g into small blocks of 2cm X2 cm by using 4g of pure water, adding 3g of radix puerariae, 4g of radix astragali, 2g of medlar, 2g of Chinese date and 1.5g of radix rehmanniae preparata, cleaning all the raw materials, putting the raw materials into a pressure cooker, adding 5500g of pure water, setting the temperature at 110 ℃, the pressure at 50Kpa and extracting for 20min, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution;
(2) the subsequent treatment was the same as in example 1 to obtain chicken essence granules.
(3) The content of cordycepin (3' -deoxyadenosine), adenosine, and cordycepic acid (D-mannitol) in the chicken essence granules obtained by the 4 treatments was determined, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 14 detection results of active ingredient content in chicken essence granule obtained by treatment
Note: analysis was done using the Duncan's multiple range test method, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences. The same applies below.
Therefore, the silkworm chrysalis cordyceps sinensis dry sample has more substances for regulating immunity, such as cordycepin, adenosine, cordycepic acid and the like compared with silkworm chrysalis.
Comparative example 2
(1) Setting 5 different treatments (sequence numbers I, II, III, IV and V), wherein 1g of dry sample of cordyceps militaris is taken in the treatment I, 2g of dry sample of cordyceps militaris is taken in the treatment II, 4g of dry sample of cordyceps militaris is taken in the treatment III, 8g of dry sample of cordyceps militaris is taken in the treatment IV, and 12g of dry sample of cordyceps militaris is taken in the treatment V. Taking 750g of fresh chicken, cutting into small blocks of 2cm multiplied by 2cm, adding 3g of kudzuvine root, 4g of astragalus root, 2g of medlar, 2g of Chinese date and 1.5g of prepared rehmannia root, cleaning all the raw materials, putting the cleaned raw materials into a pressure cooker, adding 5500g of pure water, setting the temperature at 110 ℃, the pressure at 50Kpa and the extraction time at 20min, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution;
(2) the subsequent treatment is the same as the example 1, and the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary is obtained.
(3) The contents of cordycepin (3' -deoxyadenosine), adenosine and cordycepic acid (D-mannitol) in the granules of the chicken essence of cordyceps militaris obtained by the 3 treatments are detected, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 25 detection results of active ingredient content in cordyceps chicken essence granules obtained by treatment
Therefore, with the increase of the dosage of the dry cordyceps militaris sample, the contents of cordycepin, adenosine and cordycepic acid are increased; however, when the content of cordycepin, adenosine and cordycepic acid is more than 8g of the dry sample of the cordyceps militaris, the content of cordycepin, adenosine and cordycepic acid is not increased.
Comparative example 3
(1) Setting 6 different treatments (serial numbers I, II, III, IV, V and VI), respectively adopting different varieties of yellow blood silkworm pupae to produce the cordyceps chicken essence granules, namely respectively taking 4g of silkworm pupa cordyceps sinensis dry samples produced by golden yellow 1, golden yellow 2, golden yellow 3, golden yellow 4, golden yellow 5 and chemical yellow (all the varieties are disclosed in the literature 'difference between nature and cocoon color of natural colored cocoons of silkworms, Guangdong silkworm industry, 2009, 43 (3): 29-32'), respectively taking 750g of fresh chicken, cutting into small blocks of 2cm multiplied by 2cm, adding 3g of kudzu root, 4g of astragalus root, 2g of medlar, 2g of Chinese date and 1.5g of prepared rhizome of rehmannia, cleaning all the raw materials, putting the raw materials into a pressure cooker, adding 5500g of pure water, setting the temperature at 110 ℃, the pressure at 50Kpa, extracting for 20min, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution;
(2) the subsequent treatment is the same as the example 1, and the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary is obtained.
(3) The contents of cordycepin (3' -deoxyadenosine), adenosine and cordycepic acid (D-mannitol) in the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence granules obtained by 6 treatments were detected, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 36 detection results of active ingredient content in cordyceps chicken essence granules obtained by treatment
Comparative example 4
(1) 2 different treatments (serial numbers I and II) are set, wherein 4g of cordyceps sinensis dry samples inoculated by the yellow silkworm chrysalis produced in an artificial climate box are taken for the treatment I, and 4g of cordyceps sinensis dry samples inoculated by the yellow silkworm chrysalis which is fed in a rural area in a extensive way are taken for the treatment II. Taking 750g of fresh chicken, cutting into small blocks of 2cm multiplied by 2cm, adding 3g of kudzuvine root, 4g of astragalus root, 2g of medlar, 2g of Chinese date and 1.5g of prepared rehmannia root, cleaning all the raw materials, putting the cleaned raw materials into a pressure cooker, adding 5500g of pure water, setting the temperature at 110 ℃, the pressure at 50Kpa and the extraction time at 20min, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution;
(2) the subsequent treatment is the same as the example 1, and the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary is obtained.
(3) The contents of cordycepin (3' -deoxyadenosine), adenosine, and cordycepic acid (D-mannitol) in the 2 processed granules of the chicken essence of cordyceps militaris are detected, and the results are shown in table 4.
Table 42 detection results of active ingredient content in cordyceps chicken essence granules obtained by treatment
Pharmacodynamic experiment
The yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary obtained in example 1 and two commercial products are selected as experimental samples. The product 1 sold in the market is a medicine (solid powder) for relieving fatigue, and the main components of the medicine are ginseng, salvia miltiorrhiza, rhizoma polygonati, lucid ganoderma, vitamins and the like. The product 2 sold in the market is a liquid health-care product for relieving fatigue, solid powder is obtained by freeze drying and is subjected to pharmacodynamic experiments, the main components of the product are chicken, common cordyceps mycelium, polygonatum and astragalus, and a KM male mouse is selected and used, and the weight of the KM male mouse is 18-22 g.
The gavage dose in mice was based on a 10-fold increase in the human recommended dose. Three dose groups are set for experiments, namely a high dose group, a medium dose group and a low dose group (1.00g/kg.bw.d, 0.30g/kg.bw.d and 0.10g/kg.bw.d) of the test object; the experimental doses of two commercial product control groups are both 0.30 g/kg.bw.d; a blank control group. A weight swimming test, a serum urea nitrogen test, a blood lactic acid test, a hemoglobin test, a lactate dehydrogenase test, and a liver glycogen test were performed, respectively. The mice are raised by conventional illumination, drinking water and 25 ℃. The gavage is carried out for 1 time every day, the blank group is gavaged with normal saline, the gavage amount is 1 percent of the weight of the mice, and each index is measured after 30 days continuously.
(1) Weight bearing swimming test
30min after the last administration of the test drug, the mouse was placed in a swimming box (40cm × 60cm × 36cm) to swim with 5% weight of lead wire loaded to the root of the rat tail, the water depth was not less than 30cm, the water temperature was 25 ± 1 ℃ and the time from the beginning of swimming to death, i.e., the time for the mouse to swim under load, was recorded, and the results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 swimming time under load for each group of mice
Indicates significant difference compared to blank control group (P < 0.05); indicates a very significant difference (P <0.01) compared to the blank control group.
(2) Influence on serum urea nitrogen and liver glycogen content of mice
After the test object is given for 30min at the last time, the mouse is placed in a swimming box to swim for 90min without load, the water temperature is 30 +/-1 ℃, the eyeball is picked after the mouse is rested for 60min to take blood, and the blood sample is centrifuged for 5min at 3000rpm to separate serum. Serum urea nitrogen was determined using a urea nitrogen (BUN) assay kit. The results are shown in Table 6.
The test subject was given the last 30min before cervical dislocation. The liver was rinsed with physiological saline and then blotted dry with filter paper, and glycogen was measured using a glycogen assay kit. The results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 serum urea nitrogen and hepatic glycogen contents of the groups of mice
Indicates significant difference (P <0.05) compared to the blank control group; indicates a very significant difference (P <0.01) compared to the blank control group.
(3) Influence on blood lactic acid content of mice
After 30min of the last administration of the test substance, the mice were placed in a swimming chamber for swimming without load for 10min at a water temperature of 30 + -1 deg.C, and immediately before and after swimming for 20min, the eyeballs were picked up for blood collection, and the blood samples were centrifuged at 3000rpm for 5min to separate the serum. The blood lactic acid was measured using a lactic acid (LD) measurement kit, and the area under the blood lactic acid curve was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 7.
The area under the blood lactate curve is calculated:
5 (the blood lactate value before swimming +3 x the blood lactate value 0min after swimming +2 x the blood lactate value after resting for 20min after swimming).
TABLE 7 blood lactate content and area under blood lactate curve of each group of mice
Indicates significant difference (P <0.05) compared to the blank control group; indicates a very significant difference (P <0.01) compared to the blank control group.
After the chicken essence granule of the cordyceps militaris, which is suitable for being taken by the crowds prone to fatigue, is orally administered to an experimental mouse for 30d, in a weight swimming experiment, the results of a low-medium dose group and a commercial product control group are positive, the results of three biochemical indexes of serum urea nitrogen, hepatic glycogen and blood lactic acid are also positive, the anti-fatigue effect of the low dose group is equivalent to that of the commercial product, and the anti-fatigue effect of the high dose group is obviously higher than that of each commercial product.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are easy to fatigue is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 750-880 parts of fresh chicken, 2-8 parts of dried cordyceps militaris, 3-6 parts of kudzu root, 3-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of medlar, 1-3 parts of jujube and 1-3 parts of prepared rhizome of rehmannia;
the dried yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris is prepared by the following method:
a. feeding the hatched yellow silkworm to cocooning; the yellow silkworm variety is yellow silkworm yellow;
b. cutting silkworm cocoon, taking out fresh healthy yellow blood silkworm pupa, and sterilizing the surface; inoculating Cordyceps into pupa Bombycis of yellow blood silkworm under aseptic condition, culturing, and hardening; the Cordyceps is Cordyceps Brazil 201 # ；
c. Culturing the stiff and hardened yellow silkworm pupa, collecting the cordyceps militaris when the cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies grow to 6-8 cm or no longer grow, and drying to obtain a yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris dry sample;
the breeding in the step a is carried out in a sterilized artificial climate incubator;
the feeding conditions in the step a are as follows: feeding the first and second instar silkworms at the temperature of 27-28 ℃ and with the dry-wet difference of 0.5-1 ℃; feeding the third instar silkworms at the temperature of 26.5-27.5 ℃ with the dry-wet difference of 1-1.5 ℃; feeding the fourth instar silkworms at the temperature of 26-27 ℃ with the dry-wet difference of 1.5-2 ℃; feeding the fifth instar silkworms at the temperature of 25.5-26 ℃ with the dry-wet difference of 2-2.5 ℃ and uniformly illuminating;
the inoculation amount of the cordyceps in the step b is 0.1mL of inoculation of each pupa, and the concentration of the bacterial liquid is 1 multiplied by 10 3 ~1×10 6 Per mL;
the culture conditions in the step b are as follows: the temperature is 22-28 ℃ and the humidity is 80-90%;
the culture time in the step c is 7-10 days;
the culture conditions in step c are as follows: the temperature is 18-22 ℃, the humidity is 85-90%, and blue light irradiation is added on the basis of natural light;
the wavelength range of the blue light is 440-480 nm;
the blue light irradiation time is 2-5 h;
and c, drying at the temperature of 50-55 ℃.
2. The yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people prone to fatigue, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the adhesive is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 750-800 parts of fresh chicken, 4-5 parts of dried cordyceps militaris, 3 parts of kudzu root, 4 parts of astragalus root, 2 parts of medlar, 2 parts of Chinese date and 1.5 parts of prepared rhizome of rehmannia.
3. The preparation method of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are prone to fatigue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) taking fresh chicken, dried cordyceps militaris of yellow silkworm, kudzuvine root, astragalus, medlar, Chinese date and prepared rhizome of rehmannia, cleaning, adding water, stewing and extracting to obtain an extracting solution of chicken essence of yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris;
(2) filtering the extracting solution obtained in the step (1), and concentrating the filtrate to obtain a concentrated solution of the chicken essence of the cordyceps militaris;
(3) performing water-oil separation treatment on the concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) to obtain deoiled concentrated solution of the chicken essence of the cordyceps militaris;
(4) adding an embedding medium into the deoiling concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), and homogenizing to obtain a homogeneous system of the mixed solution of the yellow silkworm cordyceps militaris and chicken essence;
(5) performing spray drying treatment on the mixed solution obtained in the step (4) to obtain powdered cordyceps militaris chicken essence;
(6) and (5) sterilizing the powdery cordyceps militaris chicken essence obtained in the step (5), and packaging to obtain the cordyceps militaris chicken essence granules.
4. The preparation method of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are prone to fatigue according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the water in the step (1) is pure water;
the addition amount of the water in the step (1) is as follows: water 1 kg: (6.5-8.0) L.
5. The preparation method of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are prone to fatigue according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the stewing and extracting in the step (1) are realized by adopting a pressure cooker;
the stewing and extracting conditions in the step (1) are as follows: the temperature is 100-120 ℃, the pressure is 50-70 Kpa, and the time is 15-25 min;
the filtering in the step (2) adopts a mesh screen with 75-85 meshes;
the concentration temperature in the step (2) is 60-80 ℃;
the volume of the concentrated solution in the step (2) is 1/3-1/4 of the original filtrate.
6. The preparation method of the granules of the chicken essence of the yellow blood silkworm and the cordyceps militaris, which are suitable for the crowds prone to fatigue, according to claim 3, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the water-oil separation treatment in the step (3) is realized by adopting a disc centrifuge;
the embedding medium in the step (4) is beta-cyclodextrin;
the homogenization treatment conditions in the step (4) are as follows: the pressure is 20-40 MPa;
the number of times of homogenizing treatment in the step (4) is 1-2;
the conditions of the spray drying process in the step (5) are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃, and the speed is 250 mL/h;
the sterilization process in the step (6) adopts microwave drying sterilization;
and (4) the packaging bag used in the packaging process in the step (6) is a light-proof and oxygen-proof packaging bag.
7. The preparation method of the yellow blood silkworm cordyceps militaris chicken essence electuary suitable for people who are prone to fatigue according to claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the disc type centrifuge is set to rotate at 8000-10000 rpm for 15-30 min;
the addition amount of the beta-cyclodextrin is calculated according to the mass of the beta-cyclodextrin, which is 0.6-1.0% of the volume of the concentrated solution;
the microwave drying and sterilizing conditions are as follows: the power is 20kW to 100kW, the microwave frequency is 2450 +/-50 MHZ, and the conveyor belt speed is 0.5 m/min to 5 m/min;
the packaging bag used in the packaging process is an aluminum-plated bag.
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