CN110746317B - 一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN110746317B
CN110746317B CN201810818392.0A CN201810818392A CN110746317B CN 110746317 B CN110746317 B CN 110746317B CN 201810818392 A CN201810818392 A CN 201810818392A CN 110746317 B CN110746317 B CN 110746317B
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俞云海
鄢亮亮
杨红领
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EverDisplay Optronics Shanghai Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂剂及其应用,所述环烯丙基亚胺不仅具有良好的稳定性,而且供电能力强。环烯丙基亚胺高碱度的原因在于其质子化形式,即环丙烯鎓离子的稳定性。由于满足休克尔规则的最小环体系,2π‑电子环丙烯鎓离子为环丙烯亚胺提供了显著的芳香族共振稳定性。

Description

一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于光电材料领域,涉及一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物及其用途。
背景技术
随着有机电致发光器件的发展,如何提高器件效率成为研究人员追求的目标,而实现效率提升的关键点就是增加有机电子传输层的载流子迁移率和载流子密度。
为了增加电导率,可以通过两种方法进行解决。首先,在阴极层以及电子传输层之间加入一层中间介质层可以提高载流子注入效率。其次,在有机主体材料中掺杂合适的供电基团可以提高载流子的密度,在这种情况下,有机主体材料需要与客体材料进行共升华沉积。
对于前一种方法,LiF,CsF以及CsCO3经常被使用,这些物质的加入可以有效地降低电子的功函数,有这些物质组成的中间层可以显著地促进电子传输,但是这种方法对于高效率器件的实现却表现地不显著。
对于电子传输层的掺杂剂,需要掺杂剂的HOMO能级在主体材料的LUMO能级之上,这是电子从掺杂剂转移至主体材料的先决条件,从而可以增加电导率。另外,掺杂剂的价电子最好具有非常低的功函数或者离子能,这样可以提高掺杂剂的电子释放,从而促进层的电导率。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提供一种基于环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂剂及其应用,所述环烯丙基亚胺不仅具有良好的稳定性,而且供电能力强。环烯丙基亚胺高碱度的原因在于其质子化形式,即环丙烯鎓离子的稳定性。由于满足休克尔规则的最小环体系,2π-电子环丙烯鎓离子为环丙烯亚胺提供了显著的芳香族共振稳定性。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明目的之一在于提供一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,所述化合物的结构如式I所示:
Figure BDA0001740815890000021
其中,R1~R5中的任一基团分别独立地为氢原子、氘原子、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的芳氧基、取代或未取代的二烷基胺或硝基中的任意一种。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述R1~R5中的任一基团分别独立地为氢原子、氘原子、C1~C12的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C3~C12的环烷基、C6~C15的芳基、C5~C15的5或6元杂环基、C6~C15的芳氧基、C2~C12的二烷基胺或硝基中的任意一种。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述C1~C12的烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、特丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基、3-己基、正庚基、2-庚基、正辛基、2-辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基或正十二烷基中的任意一种。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述C1~C6烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基或特丁氧基中的任意一种。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述C3~C12的环烷基包括被C1~C9的取代基取代或未取代的环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基中的任意一种。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述C6~C15的芳基包括苯基、被至少一个C1~C9的取代基取代的苯基、萘基或被至少一个C1~C5的取代基取代的萘基中的任意一种。
优选地,所述C6~C15的芳氧基为所述C6~C15的芳基通过氧原子与化合物主体相连。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述C5~C15的5或6元杂环基为被C1~C9的取代基取代或未取代的所述5或6元杂环基为吡唑基、呋喃基、噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、噻吩基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基或哒嗪基中的任意一种。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述C2~C12的二烷基胺为被两个C1~C11的烷基取代的氨基,所述C1~C11的烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、特丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基、3-己基、正庚基、2-庚基、正辛基、2-辛基、正壬基、正癸基或正十一烷基中的任意一种。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述C1~C9的取代基包括C1~C9的烷基、C3~C9的环烷基、C2~C9的烯基或C2~C9的炔基中的任意一种。
其中,所述C1~C9的烷基以及C3~C9的环烷基的含义与上述C1~C12的烷基以及C3~C12的环烷基的含义相似,仅为碳原子数的不同,因此不再赘述。所述C2~C9的烯基可以理解为被至少一个C1~C7的烷基取代或未取代的乙烯基中的任意一种。所述C2~C9的炔基可以理解为被C1~C7的烷基取代或未取代的乙炔基中的任意一种。
本发明中,所示R1~R5中任意两个取代基之间可以通过氧原子、亚氨基、亚膦基、取代或未取代的亚烷基、取代或未取代亚环烷基、取代或未取代的亚芳基或取代或未取代的亚杂环基相连。
本发明提供的环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物优选为:
Figure BDA0001740815890000041
Figure BDA0001740815890000042
中的任意一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供一种基于环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂剂及其应用,所述环烯丙基亚胺不仅具有良好的稳定性,而且供电能力强,制备得到的OLED器件相较于原有器件,电流效率可提高50%,开启电压也较底。
具体实施方式
为便于理解本发明,本发明列举实施例如下。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
本发明中,所述环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物的制备方法如反应式I所示:(以R1和R2与R3和R4相同为例)
Figure BDA0001740815890000051
所述制备方法为:氮气环境下向反应瓶中加入
Figure BDA0001740815890000052
以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000053
然后逐滴加入3倍摩尔的二氯甲烷以及R5NH2,滴加完毕之后反应混合物在常温下搅拌48小时。反应结束之后向反应体系中加入氢氧化钠以及二氯甲烷,最后将反应体系调至中性。反应物浓缩提纯得到目标产物。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,所述化合物的结构如式II所示:
Figure BDA0001740815890000061
式II所示化合物的制备方法为:氮气环境下向反应瓶中加入
Figure BDA0001740815890000062
以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000063
然后逐滴加入3倍摩尔的二氯甲烷以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000064
滴加完毕之后反应混合物在常温下搅拌48小时。反应结束之后向反应体系中加入氢氧化钠以及二氯甲烷,最后将反应体系调至中性。反应物浓缩提纯得到目标产物。
式II所示化合物的1H NMR:(9H,1.00),(24H,1.05),(4H,2.97)。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,所述化合物的结构如式III所示:
Figure BDA0001740815890000065
式III所示化合物的制备方法为:氮气环境下向反应瓶中加入
Figure BDA0001740815890000066
以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000071
然后逐滴加入3倍摩尔的二氯甲烷以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000072
滴加完毕之后反应混合物在常温下搅拌48小时。反应结束之后向反应体系中加入氢氧化钠以及二氯甲烷,最后将反应体系调至中性。反应物浓缩提纯得到目标产物。
式III所示化合物的1H NMR:(24H,1.05),(9H,2.35),(4H,2.97),(2H,6.70)。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,所述化合物的结构如式IV所示:
Figure BDA0001740815890000073
式IV所示化合物的制备方法为:氮气环境下向反应瓶中加入
Figure BDA0001740815890000074
以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000075
然后逐滴加入3倍摩尔的二氯甲烷以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000076
滴加完毕之后反应混合物在常温下搅拌48小时。反应结束之后向反应体系中加入氢氧化钠以及二氯甲烷,最后将反应体系调至中性。反应物浓缩提纯得到目标产物。
式IV所示化合物的1H NMR:(24H,1.05),(4H,1.59),(4H,2.80),(4H,2.97)。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,所述化合物的结构如式V所示:
Figure BDA0001740815890000081
式V所示化合物的制备方法为:氮气环境下向反应瓶中加入
Figure BDA0001740815890000082
以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000083
然后逐滴加入3倍摩尔的二氯甲烷以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000084
滴加完毕之后反应混合物在常温下搅拌48小时。反应结束之后向反应体系中加入氢氧化钠以及二氯甲烷,最后将反应体系调至中性。反应物浓缩提纯得到目标产物。
式V所示化合物的1H NMR:(9H,1.00),(24H,1.44),(16H,1.52),(16H,1.52),(4H,2.57)。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,所述化合物的结构如式VI所示:
Figure BDA0001740815890000091
式VI所示化合物的制备方法为:氮气环境下向反应瓶中加入
Figure BDA0001740815890000092
以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000093
然后逐滴加入3倍摩尔的二氯甲烷以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000094
滴加完毕之后反应混合物在常温下搅拌48小时。反应结束之后向反应体系中加入氢氧化钠以及二氯甲烷,最后将反应体系调至中性。反应物浓缩提纯得到目标产物。
式VI所示化合物的(8H,7.01),(2H,6.82),(4H,6.62),(8H,6.46),(9H,2.35)。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,所述化合物的结构如式VII所示:
Figure BDA0001740815890000101
式VII所示化合物的制备方法为:氮气环境下向反应瓶中加入
Figure BDA0001740815890000102
以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000103
然后逐滴加入3倍摩尔的二氯甲烷以及
Figure BDA0001740815890000104
滴加完毕之后反应混合物在常温下搅拌48小时。反应结束之后向反应体系中加入氢氧化钠以及二氯甲烷,最后将反应体系调至中性。反应物浓缩提纯得到目标产物。
式VII所示化合物的(16H,2.83),(H,1.78),(16H,1.59),(6H,0.85)。
应用对比实施例
将透明阳极电极ITO基板在异丙醇中超声清洗10分钟,并暴露在紫外光下30分钟,随后用plasma处理10分钟。随后将处理后的ITO基板放入蒸镀设备。首先蒸镀一层40nm的NPB作为空穴传输层,然后是发光层的蒸镀,混合蒸镀,CBP,以及5%的(piq)2Iracac,随后蒸镀30nm的Alq3作为电子传输层,随后再蒸镀1nm LiF,随后蒸镀150nm的金属Al。
应用实施例
将透明阳极电极ITO基板在异丙醇中超声清洗10分钟,并暴露在紫外光下30分钟,随后用plasma处理10分钟。随后将处理后的ITO基板放入蒸镀设备。首先蒸镀一层40nm的NPB作为空穴传输层,然后是发光层的蒸镀,混合蒸镀,CBP,以及5%的(piq)2Iracac,随后蒸镀30nm的Alq3/合成化合物(60:40)(式II、式III、式IV、式V、式VI和式VII)作为电子传输层,随后再蒸镀1nm LiF,随后蒸镀150nm的金属Al。
器件的性能检测:
在1000nits下,OLED器件的性能检测结果如表1所示:
表1
器件 Cd/A 驱动电压/V CIEx CIEy
应用对比实施例 8 4.3 0.66 0.32
应用实施例1 9.3 4.2 0.66 0.32
应用实施例2 10.1 4.1 0.66 0.32
应用实施例3 10.5 4.0 0.66 0.32
应用实施例4 12 4.1 0.66 0.32
应用实施例5 9.8 4.1 0.66 0.32
应用实施例6 10.2 4.2 0.66 0.32
通过表1的数据可以看出,增加n型掺杂剂之后,有机电致发光器件的电流效率明显提高,而且驱动电压也略微下降,色坐标基本不变。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细工艺设备和工艺流程,但本发明并不局限于上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种环烯丙基亚胺骨架的n型掺杂化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的结构如式I所示:
Figure FDA0003799334880000011
其中,R1~R5中的任一基团分别独立地为C6~C15芳基;
所述C6~C15的芳基为苯基或被至少一个C1~C9的烷基取代的苯基。
2.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件的电子传输层掺杂有权利要求1所述的化合物。
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