CN110746064A

CN110746064A - Production method of biomass energy fuel for small-sized farmers

Info

Publication number: CN110746064A
Application number: CN201911115305.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张佳佳; 陈迎
Original assignee: Shunping Xuzhou Biotechnology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shunping Xuzhou Biotechnology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-14
Filing date: 2019-11-14
Publication date: 2020-02-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing biomass energy fuel for small-sized farmers, which belongs to the field of waste utilization of small-sized farmers, and can realize that when cultivation waste is treated, dry waste and wet waste are separately treated, solid biomass fuel which is convenient to transport and store is prepared by using dry waste which is not easy to ferment, thereby bringing extra income to the small-sized farmers, and wet waste which is easy to ferment is fermented into marsh gas through a marsh gas fermentation tank, so that the small-sized farmers can cook rice and warm in daily life, the demand of the small-sized farmers on fuel in daily life is reduced, the dry waste and the wet waste generated in the cultivation process are reasonably treated and utilized, the pollutant generation of the cultivation of the small-sized farmers is greatly reduced, and the small-sized farmers can create income, is beneficial to the environment-friendly construction of rural areas.

Description

Production method of biomass energy fuel for small-sized farmers

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of waste utilization of small farmers, in particular to a production method of biomass energy fuel for the small farmers.

Background

In rural areas, a certain amount of livestock such as pigs and chickens can be cultured by each small-sized farmer, and the method is different from batch industrial culture, the small-sized farmer culture has the characteristics of small amount, long development period and the like, normal income is supplemented as extra income generally, but the small-sized farmer culture also has the obvious defect, and due to the characteristics of small culture amount, low profit margin and the like, the small-sized farmer cannot set a treatment device for culturing waste by oneself, so that the small-sized farmer culture is generally accompanied with serious pollution, and the small-sized farmer culture with low profit margin and serious pollution is forbidden gradually along with the popularization of rural environment-friendly policies.

The biomass fuel is prepared by burning biomass materials as fuel, mainly agricultural and forestry waste generally, and is mainly different from fossil fuel. The application of biomass fuel, which is actually mainly biomass briquette fuel, is a novel clean fuel which is prepared by taking agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials and preparing the raw materials into various briquettes, granules and the like through the processes of crushing, mixing, extruding, drying and the like and can be directly combusted.

Because the wastes of the aquaculture generally comprise two types of wet wastes and dry wastes, in the cultivation production process of small-sized farmers, the most extensive method for treating the wastes is to utilize a methane tank to ferment the wastes to generate methane for the small-sized farmers.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of biomass energy fuel for small-sized farmers, which can realize the aim that when the cultivation waste is treated, by separately treating the dry material waste and the wet material waste, the solid biomass fuel which is convenient to transport and store is prepared by using the dry material waste which is difficult to ferment, thereby bringing extra income to small-sized farmers, while the easily fermented wet waste is fermented into methane through the methane fermentation tank, so that the methane is supplied to the small farmers for daily cooking, heating and the like, the demand of the small farmers on fuel in daily life is reduced, the dry material waste and the wet material waste generated in the culture process are reasonably treated and utilized, the generation of pollutants for the culture of small-sized farmers is greatly reduced, and the method is beneficial to the environment-friendly construction of rural areas while creating income for the small-sized farmers.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A production method of biomass energy fuel for small farmers mainly comprises the following steps:

s1, collecting raw materials, namely collecting cultivation waste generated by cultivation of small-sized farmers, and dividing the cultivation waste into dry material waste and wet material waste;

the dry waste enters the S2 mixing and waste crushing stage, the collected dry waste is crushed, and the subsequent granulation and molding are facilitated, wherein the particle size of the crushed dry waste is not more than 2 CM;

s3, granulating and forming, namely putting the crushed waste obtained in the step S2 and the mixing and crushing into a flat-die granulator, and granulating to obtain biomass energy fuel particles with the diameter of 6-8mm and the length of 5-10 cm;

s4, drying, sealing and storing, namely drying the biomass energy fuel particles prepared in the S3 granulating and forming process;

the wet waste enters S5 and biogas fermentation stage, and the collected wet waste is fermented by a biogas digester to prepare gaseous biomass fuel biogas;

s6 biogas application, the gaseous biomass fuel biogas prepared by the biogas digester is used for meeting the daily living demands of small farmers such as rice cooking and heating.

Further, the wet material processing device for the small-sized farmers comprises a captive room, the upper end of the captive room is fixedly connected with a shed roof, the lower end of the captive room is fixedly connected with a wet material processing chamber, the captive room is the ground surface part of the wet material processing device, the wet material processing chamber is the underground part of the wet material processing device, a plurality of through holes are drilled on the bottom plate of the captive room, the captive room is communicated with the wet material processing chamber through the through holes, a partition plate is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the wet material processing chamber and divides the inner part of the wet material processing chamber into a transition chamber and a fermentation pool, a sealing device is fixedly connected on the partition plate and penetrates through the partition plate, the partition plate is a slope and is positioned at the lower part of the partition plate, and a methane discharging pipe is fixedly connected on the side wall of the fermentation pool, the biogas discharge pipe penetrates through the side wall of the fermentation tank and extends to the outer side of the fermentation tank to be communicated with the biogas utilization device, so that the separation of dry material waste and wet material waste of cultivation waste is facilitated, wherein the dry material waste can be remained in the captive room, and the wet material waste can flow into the fermentation tank through the transition room and is subjected to fermentation treatment in the fermentation tank.

Furthermore, a straw mat matched with the straw mat is laid on the bottom plate of the captive room, the straw mat can be used as a containing device for dry waste in the process of recovering the dry waste, the dry waste is convenient to recover, waste materials which are easily obtained in rural areas are used for preparation, and the cost of the straw mat is greatly reduced.

Furthermore, the straw mat is woven by plant straws, and is prepared by utilizing waste materials which are easily obtained in rural areas, so that the cost of the straw mat is greatly reduced.

Furthermore, the straw mat needs to be dried and compressed before being woven by plant straws, the dried straw mat can be stored in a captive room for a long time and is not easy to mildew, and the compressed straw mat can effectively reduce the gap residue in the straw mat and reduce the residue of wet waste in the straw mat.

Further, in the step of S2, in the step of mixing waste and crushed, the dry waste and the straw mat are crushed together, so that the sorting work is not required, and the work of small farmers is facilitated, and at the same time, a small amount of wet waste remaining in the straw mat can be used as a lubricating liquid, so that the humidity of the crushed waste is increased, the difficulty of the subsequent pressing into granules is reduced, and the straw mat can also be used as a strengthening part, so that the strength of the biomass energy fuel granules is enhanced, and the subsequent long-time storage and transportation are facilitated.

Furthermore, the sealing device comprises a sealing cylinder which is fixedly connected with the partition plate, a sealing cover matched with the sealing cylinder is inserted at the opening of the sealing cylinder, the sealing cover is positioned in the fermentation tank, a movable groove is cut at one end of the sealing cylinder close to the sealing cover, a limit plate matched with the movable groove is movably connected in the movable groove, a straight rod is fixedly connected between the limit plate and the sealing cover, a limit ring is fixedly connected at the notch of the movable groove, and the limiting ring is sleeved outside the straight rod, a compression spring is fixedly connected between the limiting ring and the limiting plate, the compression spring is sleeved on the outer side of the straight rod, the sealing device can realize the communication between the transition chamber and the fermentation tank when wet material and waste storage is needed, and when no wet material waste needs to be stored, the fermentation tank is sealed, so that the overflow of biogas formed by fermentation in the fermentation tank is not easy to cause, and safety accidents are not easy to cause.

Furthermore, an annular sealing rubber pad is connected between the sealing cover and the sealing barrel and fixedly connected with the sealing cover, and is in interference fit with the sealing barrel, so that the sealing performance of the sealing device can be improved, the biogas is not easy to overflow, and safety accidents are not easy to cause.

Further, the gravel column has been placed to the transition room, and the transition room is filled up to the gravel column, and when the enclosure room bottom plate took place the accident of collapsing, the gravel column can avoid the division board directly impaired as buffer material, is difficult for causing the marsh gas that generates in the fermentation vat to spill over, is difficult for inducing subsequent incident.

Furthermore, cracks are preset in the gravel column, so that the gravel column is easy to break under the action of external force, when the gravel column is used as a buffer material and is impacted by external force, a large amount of energy can be released by breaking the gravel column, and the influence of the external force on the partition plate is reduced.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

this scheme can realize when handling the breed wastes material, separately handle through carrying out dry material wastes material and wet material wastes material, utilize the solid biomass fuel of the convenient transportation of dry material wastes material preparation that is difficult for the fermentation and storage, bring extra income for small-size raiser, and then ferment through the biogas fermentation tank to the wet material wastes material that easily ferments and generate marsh gas, supply small-size raiser daily to cook, heating etc., reduce small-size raiser demand to the fuel in daily life, carry out reasonable processing and utilization to dry material wastes material and the wet material wastes material that produces to the farming in-process, reduce the pollutant that small-size raiser bred by a wide margin and generate, when creating income for small-size raiser, be of value to rural environmental protection construction.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a principal flow diagram of biomass fuel production of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the main structure of the wet material processing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the wet material processing apparatus of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of the wet material processing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure at B in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the main structure of the sealing device for fermentation tank of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:

the device comprises a captive breeding chamber 1, a wet material treatment chamber 2, a transition chamber 3, a fermentation tank 4, a shed roof 5, a straw mat 6, a through hole 7, a partition plate 8, a sealing barrel 9, a sealing cover 10, an annular sealing rubber pad 11, a movable groove 12, a straight rod 13, a limiting plate 14, a limiting ring 15, a compression spring 16 and a methane discharge pipe 17.

Detailed Description

The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, a method for producing biomass fuel for small farmers mainly includes the following steps:

s1, collecting raw materials, namely collecting breeding waste generated by breeding of small-sized breeding houses, dividing the breeding waste into two types of dry material waste and wet material waste, and performing classification treatment on the two types of waste to improve the waste treatment efficiency;

s3, granulating and forming, namely putting the crushed waste obtained in the step S2 and the mixing and crushing into a flat-die granulator, and granulating to obtain biomass energy fuel particles with the diameter of 6-8mm and the length of 5-10cm, so that the subsequent transportation is facilitated;

s4, drying and sealing, namely drying the biomass energy fuel particles prepared in the S3 granulating and forming process, so that the storage life of the biomass energy fuel particles is greatly prolonged, and the biomass energy fuel particles are convenient to store for a long time;

s6 biogas application, the gaseous biomass fuel biogas prepared by the biogas digester is utilized to meet the daily living demands of small farmers for rice cooking, heating and the like, the demand of the small farmers for commodity fuel is reduced, and the daily cost of the small farmers is reduced.

In particular, in the actual cultivation process, the treatment of dry feed waste and wet feed waste is often carried out simultaneously, and no obvious distinction exists between the two.

The method has the advantages that when the cultivation waste is treated, the dry waste and the wet waste are separately treated, the dry waste which is not easy to ferment is used for preparing the solid biomass fuel which is convenient to transport, extra income is brought to small farmers, the wet waste which is easy to ferment is fermented into the biogas through the biogas fermentation tank, the biogas is supplied to the small farmers for daily cooking, warming and the like, the generation of pollutants cultivated by the small farmers is greatly reduced, and the method is beneficial to the environment-friendly construction in rural areas.

Referring to fig. 2-5, a wet material processing device for small-sized farmers comprises a housing chamber 1, a ceiling 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the housing chamber 1, a wet material processing chamber 2 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the housing chamber 1, the housing chamber 1 is the ground surface part of the wet material processing device, the wet material processing chamber 2 is the underground part of the wet material processing device, a plurality of through holes 7 are drilled on the bottom plate of the housing chamber 1, the housing chamber 1 is communicated with the wet material processing chamber 2 through the plurality of through holes 7, a partition plate 8 is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the wet material processing chamber 2, the partition plate 8 divides the interior of the wet material processing chamber 2 into a transition chamber 3 and a fermentation tank 4, a sealing device is fixedly connected to the partition plate 8, the partition plate 8 is a slope, the sealing device is positioned at the lower part of the partition plate 8, a biogas discharge pipe 17 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fermentation tank 4, the biogas discharging pipe 17 penetrates through the side wall of the fermentation tank 4 and extends to the outer side of the fermentation tank 4 to be communicated with a biogas utilization device, which is beneficial to the separation of dry material waste and wet material waste of cultivation waste, wherein the dry material waste can be remained in the housing chamber 1, and the wet material waste can flow into the fermentation tank 4 through the transition chamber 3 and is fermented in the fermentation tank 4.

The straw mat 6 matched with the straw mat 6 is laid on the bottom plate of the captive breeding chamber 1, the straw mat 6 is woven by plant straws, the straw mat 6 can be used as a containing device for dry wastes in the process of recycling the dry wastes, the recycling of the dry wastes is convenient, the straw mat 6 is prepared by using wastes which are easily available in rural areas, the cost of the straw mat 6 is greatly reduced, the straw mat 6 needs to be dried and compressed before being woven by the plant straws, the dried treatment can facilitate the long-time storage of the straw mat 6 in the captive breeding chamber 1, the mildew is not easy to grow, the compression treatment can effectively reduce the gap residue in the straw mat 6, less wet wastes are remained in the straw mat 6, S2 is used for mixing the wastes, the dry wastes and the straw mat 6 are crushed together, the sorting work is not needed, the small-size household breeding work is convenient, meanwhile, a small amount of wet wastes remained in the straw mat 6 can be used as lubricating liquid, the humidity of the crushed wastes is increased, the difficulty of subsequent pressing granulation is reduced, and the straw mat 6 can also be used as a strengthening part to strengthen the strength of the biomass energy fuel particles, so that the subsequent long-time storage and transportation are facilitated.

Referring to fig. 6-7, a wet material processing device for small farmers, the sealing device includes a sealing cylinder 9, the sealing cylinder 9 is fixedly connected with a partition plate 8, a sealing cover 10 matched with the sealing cylinder 9 is inserted at the pipe orifice of the sealing cylinder 9, the sealing cover 10 is positioned in a fermentation tank 4, a movable groove 12 is cut at one end of the sealing cylinder 9 close to the sealing cover 10, a limit plate 14 matched with the sealing cylinder is movably connected in the movable groove 12, a straight rod 13 is fixedly connected between the limit plate 14 and the sealing cover 10, a limit ring 15 is fixedly connected at the notch of the movable groove 12, the limit ring 15 is sleeved at the outer side of the straight rod 13, a compression spring 16 is fixedly connected between the limit ring 15 and the limit plate 14, the compression spring 16 is sleeved at the outer side of the straight rod 13, the sealing device can realize that a transition chamber 3 and the fermentation tank 4 are communicated when wet material waste storage is needed, and the fermentation tank 4 is sealed when no wet, the biogas formed by fermentation in the fermentation tank 4 is not easy to overflow, and safety accidents are not easy to cause, an annular sealing rubber gasket 11 is connected between the sealing cover 10 and the sealing barrel 9, the annular sealing rubber gasket 11 is fixedly connected with the sealing cover 10, the annular sealing rubber gasket 11 is in interference fit with the sealing barrel 9, the annular sealing rubber gasket 11 can increase the sealing performance of the sealing device, the biogas is not easy to overflow, and safety accidents are not easy to cause.

The gravel column has been placed to transition room 3, and the gravel column fills up transition room 3, when taking place the accident of collapsing at room 1 bottom plate of housing, the gravel column can avoid cutting apart board 8 directly impaired as buffer material, the difficult marsh gas that produces in causing fermentation vat 4 overflows, be difficult for inducing subsequent incident, the inside crackle that has preset of gravel column, make the gravel column easy breakage under the effect of external force, when the gravel column receives external force impact as buffer material, can release a large amount of energy with the fracture of crossing the gravel column, reduce the influence of external force impact to cutting apart board 8.

In the process of breeding livestock and poultry in small-sized farmers, the captive breeding device, namely the wet material processing device in the application, needs to be cleaned after a period of time, so that the breeding of bacteria and viruses in the wet material processing device is avoided, dry material wastes are firstly transported out by using the straw mat 6 before cleaning, and then subjected to subsequent processing to prepare biomass energy fuel particles, the captive breeding chamber 1 can be cleaned by using equipment such as a water pipe, the wet material wastes remaining in the captive breeding chamber 1 and the transition chamber 3 are flushed into the fermentation tank 4 together for fermentation, and finally, the sterilization treatment is carried out, a new straw mat 6 is laid in the captive breeding chamber 1 after drying, and the bred livestock is driven back to the captive breeding chamber 1 for breeding.

When can realize handling the breed wastes material, separately handle through carrying out dry material wastes material and wet material wastes material, utilize the solid biomass fuel of the convenient transportation of dry material wastes material preparation that is difficult for the fermentation and storage, bring extra income for small-size raiser, and to the wet material wastes material of easily fermenting then through the fermentation of marsh gas fermentation vat and generate marsh gas, supply small-size raiser daily to cook, heating etc. reduce small-size raiser demand to the fuel in daily life, carry out reasonable processing and utilization to dry material wastes material and the wet material wastes material that produces to the farming in-process, reduce the pollutant that small-size raiser bred by a wide margin and generate, when creating income for small-size raiser, be of value to rural environmental protection construction.

The above; but are merely preferred embodiments of the invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto; any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope of the present disclosure; the technical scheme and the improved concept of the invention are equally replaced or changed; are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A production method of biomass energy fuel for small-sized farmers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps:

the dry waste enters the S2 mixing and waste crushing stage, the collected dry waste is crushed, and the subsequent granulation and molding are facilitated, wherein the particle size of the crushed dry waste is not more than about 2 CM;

2. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 1, wherein: a wet material processing device for small farmers comprises a captive room (1), wherein the upper end of the captive room (1) is fixedly connected with a shed roof (5), the lower end of the captive room (1) is fixedly connected with a wet material processing chamber (2), a plurality of through holes (7) are drilled on the bottom plate of the captive room (1), the captive room (1) is communicated with the wet material processing chamber (2) through the through holes (7), a partition plate (8) is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the wet material processing chamber (2), the partition plate (8) divides the interior of the wet material processing chamber (2) into a transition chamber (3) and a fermentation tank (4), a sealing device is fixedly connected to the partition plate (8) and penetrates through the partition plate (8), the partition plate (8) is a slope, and the sealing device is positioned at the lower part of the partition plate (8), the side wall of the fermentation tank (4) is fixedly connected with a biogas discharging pipe (17), and the biogas discharging pipe (17) penetrates through the side wall of the fermentation tank (4) and extends to the outer side of the fermentation tank (4) to be communicated with a biogas utilization device.

3. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 2, wherein: a straw mat (6) matched with the captive breeding chamber is paved on the bottom plate of the captive breeding chamber (1).

4. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 1, wherein: the straw mat (6) is woven by plant straws.

5. A wet feed processing apparatus for small farmers according to claim 3 wherein: the straw mat (6) needs to be dried in the sun and compressed before being woven by using plant straws.

6. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 4, wherein: and in the step S2, in the step of mixing the waste, crushing the dry material waste and the straw mat (6) together without sorting.

7. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 2, wherein: the sealing device comprises a sealing cylinder (9), the sealing cylinder (9) is fixedly connected with the dividing plate (8), a sealing cover (10) matched with the sealing barrel (9) is inserted at the pipe orifice of the sealing barrel, the sealing cover (10) is positioned in the fermentation tank (4), a movable groove (12) is chiseled at one end of the sealing cylinder (9) close to the sealing cover (10), a limit plate (14) matched with the movable groove (12) is movably connected in the movable groove, a straight rod (13) is fixedly connected between the limiting plate (14) and the sealing cover (10), a limiting ring (15) is fixedly connected at the notch of the movable groove (12), and the limiting ring (15) is sleeved on the outer side of the straight rod (13), a compression spring (16) is fixedly connected between the limiting ring (15) and the limiting plate (14), and the compression spring (16) is sleeved on the outer side of the straight rod (13).

8. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 2, wherein: an annular sealing rubber pad (11) is connected between the sealing cover (10) and the sealing cylinder (9), the annular sealing rubber pad (11) is fixedly connected with the sealing cover (10), and the annular sealing rubber pad (11) is in interference fit with the sealing cylinder (9).

9. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 2, wherein: and a gravel column is placed in the transition chamber (3), and the transition chamber (3) is filled with the gravel column.

10. The wet material processing device for small-sized farmers according to claim 2, wherein: cracks are preset in the gravel column.