CN110744154A - Device and method for alternately machining arc surface by electric spark electrolysis - Google Patents
Device and method for alternately machining arc surface by electric spark electrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN110744154A CN110744154A CN201910884664.1A CN201910884664A CN110744154A CN 110744154 A CN110744154 A CN 110744154A CN 201910884664 A CN201910884664 A CN 201910884664A CN 110744154 A CN110744154 A CN 110744154A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/02—Electrical discharge machining combined with electrochemical machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/14—Supply or regeneration of working media
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Abstract
The patent relates to a device and a method for alternately machining a cambered surface by electric spark electrolysis, belonging to the technical field of electrolytic machining. This patent carries out periodic electric spark electrolysis alternative machining through the electric spark electrode that can rotate at a high speed and electrolysis electrode to titanium alloy material, gets rid of the oxide layer and the partial metal organism material that titanium alloy surface is difficult to get rid of by the electrolysis through electric spark machining, gets rid of metal organism material through the further high efficiency of electrolytic machining to with the uneven surperficial finish of electric spark processing back level and smooth, thereby realize the purpose of high-efficient processing titanium alloy cambered surface. The method has important significance for improving the arc-shaped electrolytic machining efficiency of the surface of the titanium alloy part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for alternately machining a cambered surface by electric spark electrolysis, belonging to the field of electrolytic machining.
Background
In order to reduce air resistance, many aerospace parts are designed to be in a curved surface structure, but the aerospace parts with the curved surface structure are difficult to machine by adopting a traditional machining process. Because a large amount of metal materials such as high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like are used in the industrial fields such as modern aviation, aerospace, ships and the like. For example, GH4169 alloy constitutes 34%, 56%, and 57% of the total weight of the CF6 engine, CY2000 engine, and PW4000 engine, respectively; the titanium alloy accounts for 41 percent of the total amount of the materials used by the fourth generation fighter F-22, etc. The materials have the inherent characteristics of poor heat conduction capability, high strength, high hardness and the like, and the problems of high temperature and high cutting force of a processing area in the traditional machining process, easy abrasion of a cutter, low machining efficiency, long machining period and the like are caused. The electrolytic machining is non-contact machining which utilizes electrochemical reaction to remove workpiece materials. Compared with the traditional mechanical processing, the method has the advantages of no residual stress on the surface of a processed workpiece, no cold work hardening, no plastic deformation, low surface roughness, no tool loss and the like. The electrochemical machining is adopted to remove the metal material instead of relying on mechanical energy, so that the electrochemical machining has the characteristic that the contact stress is not related to the hardness of the material. Therefore, the electrochemical machining is a machining mode suitable for key parts of aerospace.
However, in the electrolytic machining, since a difficult-to-machine material such as a titanium alloy has a self-passivating property, a dense oxide layer is easily formed on the surface of a workpiece during the machining, and thus the difficult-to-machine material such as a titanium alloy needs to be electrolyzed to remove the oxide layer before efficient electrochemical dissolution of the material body occurs during the electrolytic machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a device and a method for alternately machining a cambered surface by electric spark electrolysis, belonging to the technical field of electrolytic machining.
A spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotary arc surface processing device is characterized by comprising a hollow rotary main shaft, an insulating rotary table, a speed reducer and a driving motor; the upper part of the hollow rotating main shaft is of a hollow triangular conical cavity structure, and the lower part of the hollow rotating main shaft is of a hollow disc structure; the hollow rotary main shaft is fixed at the upper end of the insulating rotary table through a hollow disc structure of the hollow rotary main shaft, and the lower end of the insulating rotary table is connected with a driving motor through a speed reducer; the device also comprises a liquid inlet pipe positioned above the hollow rotating main shaft, wherein the liquid inlet pipe is connected with the hollow rotating main shaft through a rotating joint, and the liquid inlet pipe is static and the hollow rotating main shaft rotates during work; the device also comprises a conductive slip ring and an electrode, wherein the conductive slip ring is sleeved right above the hollow rotating main shaft, and the electrode consists of a plurality of electrolytic electrodes and electric spark electrodes which are uniformly distributed at intervals; wherein the inside of the electrolysis electrode is a hollow structure with a circular section gradually changed into a rectangular section, and the hollow structure is communicated with a triangular conical cavity structure of the hollow rotating main shaft; the electric spark electrode is of a solid structure; the device also comprises a protection plate; the protection plate consists of an upper protection plate and a lower protection plate, wherein the centers of the upper protection plate and the lower protection plate are provided with round holes which are sleeved on the hollow rotating main shaft and are positioned above the hollow disc structure of the hollow rotating main shaft; the electrode is positioned at the round hole; the lower surface of the upper protection plate, which is jointed with the lower protection plate, is provided with a liquid return groove; the device also comprises a workpiece clamping and feeding device arranged on the upper protection plate; the device consists of a plurality of clamping components which are uniformly distributed on an upper protection plate along the circumferential direction; each holding component consists of a servo motor and a working fixing block arranged at the tail end of a push rod of the servo motor, and a workpiece to be processed is fixed on the workpiece fixing block through a screw; the device also comprises a top cover and a lower protective cover, wherein the top cover is arranged and fixed above the protective plate; the side wall of the top cover is provided with an opening matched with the workpiece fixing block; the lower protective cover is arranged below the protective plate.
The processing method for processing the cambered surface device by utilizing the spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: installing a workpiece to be processed on a workpiece fixing block, and fixing the workpiece by a screw; controlling the initial gaps among the workpiece to be processed, the electrolysis electrode and the electric spark electrode through a servo motor; the speed reducer is driven to rotate by the driving motor, and the hollow rotating main shaft is driven to rotate by the insulating rotating platform; the upper part of the rotary joint and the liquid inlet pipe are stationary, and the lower part of the rotary joint and the hollow rotary main shaft start to rotate at a high speed; the electrolyte is connected, flows into the hollow rotating main shaft rotating at high speed from the liquid inlet pipe and is rapidly sprayed to the surface of the workpiece to be processed from the electrolysis electrode and the electric spark electrode; turning on a power supply to control the electrolysis electric spark combined machining to start; when the electric spark electrode rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece, the surface of the workpiece is punctured by electric sparks, an oxide layer and body materials on the surface of the workpiece are largely removed, and the surface of the workpiece is uneven; when the electrolytic electrode rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece, the surface processed by electric spark can be removed by high-efficiency electrolysis, and the surface of the workpiece becomes flat; the product flows out of the processing area from the liquid return tank; at this time, an oxide layer may be generated again on the electrolytically machined surface to prevent the electrolytic action from proceeding efficiently; the electric spark rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece again along with the high-speed rotation of the hollow rotating main shaft, at the moment, an oxide layer formed on the surface of the workpiece is removed by the electric spark breakdown again, and the materials are removed by two ways of electric spark electrolysis on the surface of the workpiece repeatedly, so that the required arc surface is formed finally.
When materials difficult to process such as titanium alloy are processed by electrolysis, a compact oxide layer can be formed on the surface of the materials, the oxide layer can seriously obstruct the high-efficiency electrolytic processing, and the high-efficiency electrolytic processing can be continued only after a certain amount of electricity is consumed to remove the oxide layer, so that the processing efficiency is reduced. According to the method, the surface of a workpiece is subjected to electric spark machining through the electric spark electrode, the electric spark electrode is driven by the high-speed rotation of the hollow main shaft to sweep over the surface of the workpiece at a high speed, and oxides on the surface of the workpiece and part of metal bodies are removed quickly. Since the spark electrode is scanned at high speed from the workpiece surface, no continuous spark discharge occurs. After the electric spark electrode scans from the surface of the workpiece at a high speed, the electrolytic electrode rotates to the surface of the workpiece at a high speed, and the inner cavity of the electrolytic electrode sprays electrolyte to the surface of the workpiece to start electrolytic machining of the workpiece. Because the oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece, which hinders the electrolytic reaction, is removed by the electric spark, the efficient electrolytic reaction is carried out on the surface of the workpiece, and the surface material of the workpiece is further removed efficiently. The rough surface after the electric discharge machining is also electrolytically smoothed and leveled. The invention has important significance for improving the arc-shaped electrolytic machining efficiency of the surfaces of parts made of materials difficult to machine, such as titanium alloy and the like.
The device for machining the arc surface in a spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotating mode is characterized in that: the distance between the electrolysis electrode and the workpiece to be processed is 0.2-1 mm, and the distance between the electric spark electrode and the workpiece to be processed is 0.05-0.1 mm. This is because the electrolyte jet flow resistance must be considered in electrolytic machining, and a large machining gap must be reserved to reduce the flow resistance of the electrolyte and promote product discharge. In the electric discharge machining, rapid breakdown spark discharge can occur only when a machining gap is kept small, and therefore the machining gap must be kept small.
The device for machining the arc surface in a spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotating mode is characterized in that: the cross section of the liquid return groove is fan-shaped. The fan-shaped cross section of the liquid return tank ensures that the flow channel of the electrolysis products and the bubbles is gradually widened and the flow resistance is gradually reduced in the process of flowing out of the processing area, thereby being beneficial to quickly removing the electrolysis products and ensuring that no electrolysis products are left in the processing space.
The device for machining the arc surface in a spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotating mode is characterized in that: and a sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the hollow rotating main shaft and the insulating turntable. The processing area electrolyte can be isolated from the driving motor, the speed reducer and the like through the sealing ring, and the electrolyte is prevented from being leaked to the bottom and corroding the driving motor, the speed reducer and the like.
The invention has the following advantages
1. The electrolytic electrode and the electric spark electrode periodically carry out electric spark electrolysis alternative machining, the electric spark quickly removes an oxide layer and part of metal body materials generated by electrolysis, the materials are further removed through electrolysis, the rugged surface machined by the electric spark is electrolytically machined to be smooth and flat, and efficient and high-speed material removal is realized through the alternative action of the electrolytic electrode and the electric spark electrode.
2. In the machining process, the electrolysis electrode and the electric spark electrode rotate at a high speed, so that the electrolyte can be quickly thrown out and impacts the surface of the part at a high speed, and a machined product can be quickly washed away, so that better machined surface quality is obtained. In addition, during the process that the electrode rotates and washes from one side of the cambered surface of the workpiece to the other side of the workpiece at a high speed, the machining product can be taken away from the machining surface through the rotating scanning and washing of the electrolyte.
3. The bottom of the device turntable is provided with a fan-shaped liquid return groove, the section of the fan shape is gradually enlarged, the processing waste liquid is favorably and quickly discharged out of a processing area, and the efficient and stable operation of electrolytic processing is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a tool;
FIG. 2 is a view of the interior of the tool with the protective cover removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal rotation mechanism of the tool and a cross-sectional view thereof;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electric spark electrolysis alternate cycle machining;
wherein the label names are: the device comprises a liquid inlet pipe 1, an upper protective cover 2, a rotary joint 3, a conductive slip ring 4, a servo motor 5, a workpiece fixing block 6, a fan-shaped liquid return tank 7, a sealing ring 8, a lower protective cover 9, a workpiece to be processed 10, an electrolysis electrode 11, a hollow rotary main shaft 12, an epoxy resin rotary platform 13, a driving motor 14, a speed reducer 15, an electric spark electrode 16, a top cover 17, bubbles 18, an electric spark product 19, an electrolysis product 20 and an outer insulating layer 21.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a workpiece to be processed is mounted on a workpiece fixing block and fixed by an inner hexagonal cylindrical head screw. The three servo motors can realize the accurate control of the position of the workpiece to be processed, thereby controlling the distance between the workpiece to be processed and the electrolytic spray head and the initial distance between the workpiece to be processed and the electric spark. And (3) switching on the electrolyte, and rapidly flowing the electrolyte into the hollow rotating main shaft rotating at high speed from the liquid inlet pipe and rapidly spraying the electrolyte onto the surface of the workpiece to be processed from the hollow electrolytic electrode.
The speed reducer is driven to rotate by the driving motor, and the hollow rotating main shaft is driven to rotate by the epoxy resin rotating platform. The upper part of the rotary joint and the liquid inlet pipe are stationary, and the lower part of the rotary joint and the hollow rotary main shaft start to rotate at a high speed. The electrolysis electrode and the electric spark electrode on the hollow rotating main shaft further start to rotate at high speed.
And turning on a power supply for control, and starting electrolytic electric spark alternative machining. When the electric spark rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece, the surface of the workpiece is punctured by the electric spark, an oxide layer and a body material on the surface of the workpiece are largely removed, and the surface of the workpiece is uneven, as shown in fig. 4 (a); when the electrolytic nozzle rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece, the surface processed by electric spark is removed by high-efficiency electrolysis, the surface of the workpiece becomes flat, as shown in fig. 4 (b), a product flows out of a processing area from the fan-shaped liquid return tank, and at the moment, the surface processed by electrolysis may generate an oxide layer again to prevent the electrolysis from being carried out efficiently; the electric spark rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece again along with the high-speed rotation of the hollow rotating main shaft, at the moment, an oxide layer formed on the surface of the workpiece is removed by the electric spark breakdown again, and the materials are removed by two ways of electric spark electrolysis on the surface of the workpiece repeatedly, so that the required arc surface is formed finally.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the driving motor is decelerated by a reducer, and the reducer is connected with the hollow rotating spindle through an epoxy resin rotating platform to realize high-speed rotation of the hollow rotating spindle. The three rectangular nozzle electrodes rotate at a high speed, electrolyte sprayed from the electrolytic nozzles is driven by the main shaft to impact the surface of the titanium alloy part to be machined at a high speed, and machined products can be quickly washed away, so that higher quality of the machined surface is obtained. In addition, during the process that the rectangular spray nozzle electrode rotates and washes from one side of the arc surface of the workpiece to the other side of the workpiece at a high speed, the rotation washing of the electrolyte can also wash and take away the processed product from the processed surface.
With reference to fig. 1 and 3, a sealing ring is arranged above the connection between the hollow rotating main shaft and the epoxy resin rotating platform, so that the electrolyte can be prevented from falling onto the epoxy resin rotating platform, and the electrolyte can be ensured to flow out of the three fan-shaped liquid return tanks.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a compound high-speed rotatory cambered surface device of processing of spark electrolysis which characterized in that:
the device comprises a hollow rotating main shaft (12), an insulating rotary table (13), a speed reducer (15) and a driving motor (14); wherein the upper part of the hollow rotating main shaft (12) is of a hollow triangular conical cavity structure, and the lower part of the hollow rotating main shaft is of a hollow disc structure; the hollow rotating main shaft (12) is fixed at the upper end of the insulating rotary table through a hollow disc structure, and the lower end of the insulating rotary table (13) is connected with a driving motor (14) through a speed reducer (15);
the device also comprises a liquid inlet pipe (1) positioned above the hollow rotating main shaft (12), the liquid inlet pipe (1) and the hollow rotating main shaft (12) are connected through a rotating joint (3), the liquid inlet pipe (1) is static during work, and the hollow rotating main shaft (12) rotates;
the device also comprises a conductive slip ring (4) and an electrode, wherein the conductive slip ring (4) is sleeved right above the hollow rotating main shaft (12), and the electrode consists of a plurality of electrolytic electrodes (11) and electric spark electrodes (16) which are uniformly distributed at intervals; wherein the inside of the electrolysis electrode (11) is a hollow structure with a circular section gradually changed into a rectangular section, and the hollow structure is communicated with a triangular conical cavity structure of the hollow rotating main shaft (12); the electric spark electrode (16) is of a solid structure;
the device also comprises a protection plate (2); the protection plate consists of an upper protection plate (2-1) and a lower protection plate (2-2), the centers of the upper protection plate and the lower protection plate are provided with round holes, and the round holes are sleeved on the hollow rotating main shaft (12) and are positioned above the hollow disc structure of the hollow rotating main shaft (12); the electrode is positioned at the round hole; a liquid return groove (7) is formed in the lower surface, which is attached to the upper protection plate and the lower protection plate;
the device also comprises a workpiece clamping and feeding device arranged on the upper protection plate; the device consists of a plurality of clamping components which are uniformly distributed on an upper protection plate along the circumferential direction; each clamping component consists of a servo motor (5) and a working fixing block (6) arranged at the tail end of a push rod of the servo motor, and a workpiece (10) to be processed is fixed on the workpiece fixing block (6) through a screw;
the device also comprises a top cover (17) and a lower protective cover (9), wherein the top cover (17) is installed and fixed above the protective plate (2); the side wall of the top cover (17) is provided with an opening matched with the workpiece fixing block (6); the lower protective cover (9) is arranged below the protective plate (2).
2. The spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotary arc surface machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the electrolysis electrode (11) and the workpiece (10) to be processed is 0.2-1 mm, and the distance between the electric spark electrode (16) and the workpiece (10) to be processed is 0.05-0.1 mm.
3. The spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotary arc surface machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the liquid return groove (7) is fan-shaped.
4. The spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotary arc surface machining device according to claim 1, wherein: a sealing ring (8) is arranged at the joint of the hollow rotating main shaft (12) and the insulating rotary table (13).
5. The method for machining the arc surface device by utilizing the spark electrolysis composite high-speed rotation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a workpiece (10) to be processed is arranged on a workpiece fixing block (5) and is fixed through a screw; controlling the initial clearance of a workpiece (10) to be processed, an electrolysis electrode (11) and an electric spark electrode (16) through a servo motor (5);
a speed reducer (15) is driven to rotate by a driving motor (14), and a hollow rotating main shaft (12) is driven to rotate by an insulating rotating platform (13); the upper part of the rotary joint (3) and the liquid inlet pipe (1) are stationary, and the lower part of the rotary joint (3) and the hollow rotary main shaft (12) start to rotate at a high speed;
the electrolyte is switched on, and rapidly flows into the hollow rotating main shaft (12) rotating at high speed from the liquid inlet pipe (1) and is rapidly sprayed to the surface of the workpiece (10) to be processed from the electrolysis electrode (11) and the electric spark electrode (16);
turning on a power supply to control the electrolysis electric spark combined machining to start; when the electric spark electrode rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece, the surface of the workpiece is punctured by electric sparks, an oxide layer and body materials on the surface of the workpiece are largely removed, and the surface of the workpiece is uneven; when the electrolytic electrode rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece, the surface processed by electric spark can be removed by high-efficiency electrolysis, and the surface of the workpiece becomes flat; the product flows out of the processing area from the liquid return tank; at this time, an oxide layer may be generated again on the electrolytically machined surface to prevent the electrolytic action from proceeding efficiently; the electric spark rotates to a position close to the surface of the workpiece again along with the high-speed rotation of the hollow rotating main shaft, at the moment, an oxide layer formed on the surface of the workpiece is removed by the electric spark breakdown again, and the materials are removed by two ways of electric spark electrolysis on the surface of the workpiece repeatedly, so that the required arc surface is formed finally.
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| CN110756925A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Tool and method for machining arc surface alternately by electric spark electrolysis |
| CN111230239A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Efficient spark electrolysis jet processing method for impact breaking of oxidation film |
| CN111992826A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Electrolysis push-cut combined machining tool for disk body parts |
| CN112059340A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Tube electrode for electrolytic electric spark composite cutting and machining method |
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| CN112059340A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Tube electrode for electrolytic electric spark composite cutting and machining method |
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| CN111992826B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-11-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Electrolysis push-cut combined machining tool for disk body parts |
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