CN111992826A - Electrolysis push-cut combined machining tool for disk body parts - Google Patents
Electrolysis push-cut combined machining tool for disk body parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992826A CN111992826A CN202010873190.3A CN202010873190A CN111992826A CN 111992826 A CN111992826 A CN 111992826A CN 202010873190 A CN202010873190 A CN 202010873190A CN 111992826 A CN111992826 A CN 111992826A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/06—Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrolytic push-cutting combined machining tool for disk body parts, which comprises a working turntable, a clamp, a cathode feeding assembly and a push-cutting feeding assembly, wherein the cathode feeding assembly comprises a cathode spline rod, an insulating rod, a cathode mounting rod and a cathode electrode, the push-cutting feeding assembly comprises a push-cutting spline shaft, a push-teeth cutter mounting rod and a push-teeth cutter, the cathode spline rod and the push-cutting spline shaft are arranged on a machine tool base through a cutter positioning supporting seat, an electrolyte tank and a push-teeth cavity which are mutually isolated are arranged in the clamp, the cathode electrode realizes rough machining of a gear groove in the electrolyte tank, and the push-teeth cutter finishes finish machining of the gear groove after rough machining in the push-teeth cavity. According to the technical scheme, the gear groove is subjected to electrochemical rough machining at first, and then the gear groove is subjected to push-cutting finish machining, so that the material removal rate of push-cutting machining is greatly reduced, the length of the push-tooth cutter is shortened, the service life of the push-tooth cutter is prolonged, the machining efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrolytic push-cutting composite machining tool for a disc part.
Background
Currently, gear machining is generally performed in two ways: 1. electrolytic gear machining: the electrolytic gear machining is a modern gear machining method for machining and forming tooth grooves by electrochemical anodic dissolution of a gear blank in electrolyte, the tooth surfaces of the electrolytically machined gear do not have mechanical cutting force, residual stress, deformation and burrs, but the size precision and machining efficiency of the electrolytically machined gear are low, and the cost for single-piece and small-batch production is high. 2. And (3) gear push cutting machining: the gear machining by push cutting is to machine the tooth surface of internal and external gears or racks by shaping method with push cutter. The tooth profile precision of the push tooth is high, and the roughness of the tooth surface after the push tooth is low, but the push tooth also has a plurality of defects: 1) the push broach adopts the forming type processing, the length of the cutter is longer, and the efficiency is lower; 2) the material cutting amount of the cutter is large each time, the abrasion is serious, and the service life is short; 3) the push teeth are mostly formed in one step, the resistance of the cutting edges is large, hydraulic power is mostly needed to be provided, and hydraulic equipment is large in size, complex to manufacture and high in cost. Therefore, the pushing teeth are only suitable for mass production, and the application field of the pushing teeth processing is limited to a great extent.
With the development of manufacturing industry, the mechanical field has higher level requirements on the processing efficiency, materials and structure of workpieces, and the requirements cannot be met by singly adopting the traditional gear-pushing processing and electrolytic processing. Therefore, how to provide a machining device which can solve the technical problems of serious tool wear and high power in the push cutting process and can ensure higher machining efficiency, higher workpiece surface quality and lower machining cost is a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrolytic push-cutting combined machining tool for disk body parts, which can realize differential machining of gears by electrolysis and push-cutting simultaneously, can prolong the service life of a push-cutting tool, reduce push-cutting machining power, improve the working efficiency of push-cutting machining and reduce the equipment cost of push-cutting machining while ensuring the surface quality of a machined workpiece.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device comprises a working turntable for fixing a gear to be processed, a clamp for clamping the wheel face of the gear part to be processed, a cathode feeding assembly and a push-cut feeding assembly which are used for performing rough machining and finish machining on the gear groove of the gear to be processed in sequence, wherein the cathode feeding assembly and the push-cut feeding assembly are connected with a speed reducing motor through a second transmission assembly and a first transmission assembly respectively, the cathode feeding assembly comprises a cathode spline rod, an insulating rod, a cathode mounting rod and a cathode electrode which are arranged concentrically and connected in sequence, the push-cut feeding assembly comprises a push-cut spline shaft, a push-cut cutter mounting rod and a push-cut cutter which are arranged concentrically and connected in sequence, the cathode spline rod and the push-cut spline shaft are fixed on a machine tool base through a cutter positioning support seat, an electrolyte tank and a push-cut cavity which are isolated from each other are arranged in the clamp, and a blow tank is arranged between the electrolyte tank and the push-, the cathode electrode realizes horizontal feeding in the electrolyte tank under the drive of the second transmission component so as to finish rough machining of the gear groove, the tooth pushing cutter realizes horizontal feeding in the tooth pushing cavity under the drive of the first transmission component so as to finish machining of the gear groove after rough machining, and the working turntable is driven by the motor to drive the gear to be machined to rotate and enable the gear groove of the gear to be machined to sequentially pass through the electrolyte tank, the liquid blowing tank and the tooth pushing cavity.
The push-cut spline shaft horizontally penetrates through the cutter positioning supporting seat and forms sliding fit with a push-tooth cutter positioning spline groove arranged in the cutter positioning supporting seat, one end of the push-cut spline shaft is fixedly connected with a ball head pressing block in the ball head pull rod assembly, a push-tooth cutter mounting rod is matched with a push-tooth sealing pipe arranged on the clamp, and the push-tooth cutter is matched with a push-tooth cutter supporting groove arranged in the clamp.
Cathode spline pole level run through cutter location supporting seat and form sliding fit with the negative pole location spline groove that sets up in the cutter location supporting seat, cathode installation pole and insulator spindle flange department be equipped with the negative pole wire holder, the one end that links to each other with the cathode electrode of cathode installation pole to the inboard hollow cavity that is equipped with, the cathode electrode be hollow structure, hollow cavity and cathode electrode's hollow structure intercommunication forms electrolyte flow channel on the cathode installation pole, cathode installation pole on be equipped with the electrolyte feed liquor hole that links to each other with electrolyte flow channel, electrolyte feed liquor hole and electrolyte feed liquor pipe link to each other, cathode installation pole be located the sealed tube that sets up in the anchor clamps.
The anchor clamps on seted up and held and treat partial gear face of processing gear and wholly be curved processing groove, the both sides cell wall of processing groove is the plane, the tank bottom of processing groove is the cambered surface, the both sides cell wall of processing groove respectively with treat the gear face laminating of processing gear and sealed, the tank bottom of processing groove with treat that the laminating of the top circle of processing gear is sealed, the processing inslot be equipped with the sealing strip, this sealing strip with treat that the processing gear cooperatees and keep apart into two independent regions with pushing away tooth chamber and electrolysis cistern, anchor clamps be the components of a whole that can function independently structure, including the left and right sides direction to closing and through the first anchor clamps body and the second anchor clamps body of hinge locking, the processing groove set up at the first anchor clamps body and the specific junction of second anchor clamps.
The electrolyte tank set up the tank bottom position at the processing groove, anchor clamps in still set up the sealed hole that is connected with the electrolyte tank, the electrolyte tank and the sealed hole set up the direction coincide with the axial of cathode electrode, sealed downthehole embedded have with negative pole installation pole matched with sealed tube, the sealed hole be equipped with electrolyte liquid outlet hole in the one end that is close to the electrolyte tank, the axial perpendicular to sealed hole's of electrolyte liquid outlet hole axial, and electrolyte liquid outlet hole links to each other with the electrolyte liquid outlet pipe.
The tooth pushing cavity is arranged at the bottom of the machining groove, a tooth pushing cutter supporting groove communicated with the tooth pushing cavity and matched with the tooth pushing cutter is further formed in the fixture, the shape of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove is identical to that of the tooth pushing cutter, a tooth pushing sealing pipe matched with the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod is arranged at one end, close to the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod, of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove, one end of the tooth pushing sealing pipe is fixed to the fixture through a bolt, the other end of the tooth pushing sealing pipe is in a hanging and extending shape, a sealing cover is arranged at the other end of the tooth pushing sealing pipe and used for sealing the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod, a cooling liquid outlet is formed in one end, far away from the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod, of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove, a cooling liquid inlet communicated with the tooth pushing cavity is formed in the upper portion of the fixture, and the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet are respectively connected with a cooling liquid inlet pipe.
The utility model discloses a gear groove that pushes away, including the processing groove, the anchor clamps, the blowing groove set up the tank bottom position of processing groove and with push away the tooth chamber and keep apart, the setting direction of blowing groove is identical with the setting direction of electrolyte groove, and the blowing groove aims at the gear groove after the electrolytic machining, the anchor clamps on be equipped with the inlet port and the venthole with blowing groove intercommunication, the inlet port pass through the intake pipe and be connected with the gas outlet of air-blower, the venthole be connected with the outlet duct, the axial perpendicular to cathode mounting rod's of inlet port axial.
First drive assembly include first transmission shaft, eccentric wheel and bulb draw bar assembly, first transmission shaft run through the lathe base perpendicularly and pass through the coupling joint with gear motor's output shaft, the eccentric wheel pass through the key and fix the top at first transmission shaft, bulb draw bar assembly including the pole head, pole body, bulb that connect gradually and with bulb matched with bulb briquetting, wherein: one end of the rod head is fixed on an output shaft of the eccentric wheel through a thrust ball bearing and is compressed tightly through a cover body above the thrust ball bearing, the other end of the rod head is hinged with the rod body, the other end of the rod body is in threaded connection with the ball head, the ball head is rotationally fixed in a spherical cavity inside the ball head pressing block, and the ball head pressing block is fixed with the push-cut spline shaft.
Second drive assembly include second transmission shaft, lead screw slip table subassembly, connect the straight-gear drive pair of first transmission shaft and second transmission shaft, connect the bevel gear drive pair of second transmission shaft and lead screw slip table subassembly, the straight-gear drive pair including engaged with first straight-gear and second straight-gear, the bevel gear drive pair including engaged with first bevel gear and second bevel gear, lead screw slip table subassembly include with second bevel gear coaxial lead screw, form lead screw nut complex sliding seat, with lead screw parallel arrangement and be located the guide bar of lead screw both sides, wherein: the first straight gear is fixed on the first transmission shaft through a key, the second straight gear and the first bevel gear are respectively fixed on the second transmission shaft through keys, the guide rod penetrates through the sliding table seat, two ends of the guide rod are respectively fixedly connected with the third supporting seat and the cutter positioning supporting seat, two ends of the lead screw are respectively fixed on the third supporting seat and the cutter positioning supporting seat through bearings, and the sliding table seat is provided with a cathode feeding seat fixedly connected with the cathode spline rod; the diameter of the first straight gear is smaller than that of the second straight gear, the diameter of the first bevel gear is smaller than that of the second bevel gear, and the straight gear transmission pair, the bevel gear transmission pair and the moving fit of the screw rod and the sliding table seat respectively form primary speed reduction, secondary speed reduction and tertiary speed reduction of the cathode feeding assembly.
The cutting tool positioning support seat is internally provided with a push tooth cutter positioning spline groove matched with the push cutting spline shaft and a cathode positioning spline groove matched with the cathode spline rod, the push cutting spline shaft and the cathode spline rod can realize horizontal feeding along the direction limited by the push tooth cutter positioning spline groove and the cathode positioning spline groove under the driving of the first transmission assembly and the second transmission assembly, the cutting tool positioning support seat is of a split structure and is formed by oppositely combining a first seat body and a second seat body, and the first seat body is further provided with a bearing mounting hole matched with the lead screw and a unthreaded hole matched with the guide rod.
According to the technical scheme, the gear groove is subjected to electrochemical rough machining in the electrolyte tank through the cathode electrode, and then the gear groove is subjected to push-cutting finish machining in the push-tooth cavity through the push-tooth cutter, so that the material removal rate of push-cutting machining is greatly reduced, the length of the push-tooth cutter is shortened, the service life of the push-tooth cutter is prolonged, the machining efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cathode feed assembly and a second drive assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the push-cut feed assembly and the first transmission assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first transmission assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second transmission assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a cathode feed assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the cathode feed assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the present push broach feed assembly;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the tool positioning support of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the tool positioning support of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the construction of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the first clamp body of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a second clamp body of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a first schematic view of the internal structure of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the fixture in cooperation with a tooth pushing blade and a cathode electrode in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic flow diagram of an electrolyte according to the invention;
FIG. 18 is a first schematic view of the working state of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a second schematic view of the working state of the present invention;
fig. 20 is a schematic view of the mounting of the machine tool shield of the present invention.
The reference symbols in the above figures are: the working turntable 1, the clamp 2, the first clamp body 201, the second clamp body 202, the hinge 203, the electrolyte tank 21, the tooth pushing cavity 22, the liquid blowing tank 23, the air inlet 231, the air inlet pipe 232, the air blower 233, the air outlet pipe 234, the tooth pushing sealing pipe 24, the sealing cover 241, the tooth pushing knife supporting tank 25, the sealing pipe 26, the sealing hole 261, the processing tank 27, the sealing strip 271, the electrolyte outlet hole 28, the electrolyte outlet pipe 281, the coolant inlet 29, the coolant inlet pipe 291, the coolant outlet pipe 292, the cathode feeding assembly 3, the cathode spline rod 31, the insulating rod 32, the cathode mounting rod 33, the cathode electrode 34, the cathode wire holder 35, the electrolyte inlet hole 36, the electrolyte inlet pipe 37, the cathode feeding holder 38, the push-cut feeding assembly 4, the push-cut spline shaft 41, the tooth pushing knife mounting rod 42, the tooth pushing knife 43, the first transmission assembly 5, the first transmission shaft 51, the eccentric wheel 52, the rod head 53, the second, The tool comprises a shaft 54, a ball 55, a ball press block 56, a first press block 561, a second press block 562, a thrust ball bearing 57, a cover body 58, a second transmission assembly 6, a second transmission shaft 61, a first straight gear 62, a second straight gear 63, a first bevel gear 64, a second bevel gear 65, a lead screw 66, a sliding table seat 67, a guide rod 68, a speed reduction motor 7, a cutter positioning support seat 8, a tooth pushing cutter positioning spline groove 81, a cathode positioning spline groove 82, a first seat body 83, a second seat body 84, a bearing mounting hole 85, a smooth hole 86, a machine tool base 9, a first support seat 91, a second support seat 92, a third support seat 93, a machine tool platform 10, a motor 11, a carbon brush 12, a machine tool protective cover 13 and a gear 100 to be processed.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, an electrolytic push-cut composite machining tool for a disk part includes a working turntable 1 for fixing a gear 100 to be machined, a fixture 2 for clamping a part of a wheel surface of the gear 100 to be machined, a cathode feeding assembly 3 and a push-cut feeding assembly 4 for performing rough machining and finish machining on a gear groove of the gear 100 to be machined in sequence, the cathode feeding assembly 3 and the push-cut feeding assembly 4 are connected to a speed reduction motor 7 through a second transmission assembly 6 and a first transmission assembly 5, respectively, the speed reduction motor 7 is installed in a machine tool platform 10, the gear 100 to be machined is electrified through a carbon brush 12, the carbon brush 12 is fixed on the disk surface of the working turntable 1, and an end surface of the carbon brush 12 is in contact with the gear 100 to be machined. The cathode feeding assembly 3 comprises a cathode spline rod 31, an insulating rod 32, a cathode mounting rod 33 and a cathode electrode 34 which are concentrically arranged and sequentially connected, the push-cut feeding assembly 4 comprises a push-cut spline shaft 41, a push-tooth cutter mounting rod 42 and a push-tooth cutter 43 which are concentrically arranged and sequentially connected, the cathode spline rod 31 and the push-cut spline shaft 41 are both arranged on the machine tool base 9 through a cutter positioning support seat 8, an electrolyte tank 21 and a push-tooth cavity 22 which are mutually isolated are arranged in the clamp 2, a liquid blowing tank 23 is arranged between the electrolyte tank 21 and the push-tooth cavity 22, the cathode electrode 34 is driven by the second transmission assembly 6 to horizontally feed in the electrolyte tank 21 to finish rough machining of the gear groove, the push-tooth cutter 43 is driven by the first transmission assembly 5 to horizontally feed in the push-tooth cavity 22 to finish machining of the rough machined gear groove, the working turntable 1 is driven by the motor 11 to drive the gear 100 to rotate and enable the gear groove of the gear 100 to sequentially pass through the electrolyte tank 21, the gear groove 21, A liquid blowing groove 23 and a tooth pushing cavity 22.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the first transmission assembly 5 includes a first transmission shaft 51, an eccentric wheel 52 and a ball tie rod assembly, the ball tie rod assembly includes a rod head 53, a rod body 54, a ball head 55 and a ball press block 56 matched with the ball head 55, which are connected in sequence, wherein: the first transmission shaft 51 is fixed on the first supporting seat 91 through a bearing, the first transmission shaft 51 vertically penetrates through the machine tool base 9 and is connected with an output shaft of the speed reducing motor 7 through a coupler, the eccentric wheel 52 is fixed above the first transmission shaft 51 through a key, one end of the rod head 53 is fixed on the output shaft of the eccentric wheel 52 through a thrust ball bearing 57 and is pressed tightly through a cover body 58 above the thrust ball bearing 57, the other end of the rod head 53 is hinged and connected with the rod body 54 through a pin shaft, the other end of the rod body 54 is connected with the ball head 55 through a thread pair, the ball head 55 is rotatably fixed in a spherical cavity inside the ball head pressing block 56, and the ball head pressing block 56 is. Preferably, the ball press block 56 is a split structure, and includes a first press block 561 and a second press block 562 which are oppositely arranged.
The transmission principle of the first transmission assembly is as follows: the gear motor 7 drives the eccentric wheel 52 to rotate through the first transmission shaft 51, the eccentric wheel 52 drives the rod head 53 to rotate through the thrust ball bearing 57, the rod head 53 drives the rod body 54 and the ball head 55 to rotate together and feed forward, and the ball head press block 56 drives the push-cut spline shaft 41 to feed forward, so that the feed of the push-tooth cutter 43 is realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, one end of the push-cut spline shaft 41 is fixedly connected to the ball head press block 56 in the ball head pull rod assembly by a screw, the push-teeth cutter mounting rod 42 and the push-teeth cutter 43 may be of an integral structure, the push-cut spline shaft 41 horizontally penetrates through the cutter positioning support base 8 and forms a sliding fit with a push-teeth cutter positioning spline groove 81 provided in the cutter positioning support base 8, the push-teeth cutter mounting rod 42 is fitted with the push-teeth sealing tube 24 provided on the clamp 2, that is, one end of the push-teeth cutter mounting rod 42 is connected to the push-cut spline shaft 41 by a screw, the other end of the push-teeth cutter mounting rod 42 is inserted into the push-teeth sealing tube 24, and the push-teeth cutter 43 is fitted with the push-teeth cutter support groove 25 provided inside the clamp 2 and can move back and forth in the.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the second transmission assembly 6 includes a second transmission shaft 61, a screw sliding table assembly, a spur gear transmission pair connecting the first transmission shaft 51 and the second transmission shaft 61, a bevel gear transmission pair connecting the second transmission shaft 61 and the screw sliding table assembly, the spur gear transmission pair includes a first spur gear 62 and a second spur gear 63 which are engaged with each other, the bevel gear transmission pair includes a first bevel gear 64 and a second bevel gear 65 which are engaged with each other, the screw sliding table assembly includes a screw 66 which is coaxial with the second bevel gear 65, a sliding table seat 67 which is matched with the screw nut and formed with the screw 66, and guide rods 68 which are arranged in parallel with the screw 66 and located on both sides of the screw 66, wherein: the second transmission shaft 61 is fixed on the second support seat 92 through a bearing, the first straight gear 62 is fixed on the first transmission shaft 51 through a key, the second straight gear 63 and the first bevel gear 64 are fixed on the second transmission shaft 61 through a key, the guide rod 68 penetrates through the slide block seat 67, two ends of the guide rod 68 are fixedly connected with the third support seat 93 and the cutter positioning support seat 8 respectively, two ends of the lead screw 66 are fixed on the third support seat 93 and the cutter positioning support seat 8 through bearings respectively, and the slide block seat 67 is provided with the cathode feeding seat 38 fixedly connected with the cathode spline rod 31.
The transmission principle of the second transmission assembly is as follows: the speed reducing motor 7 drives the second transmission shaft 61 to rotate through the first transmission shaft 51 and the straight gear transmission pair, the second transmission shaft 61 drives the lead screw 66 to rotate through the bevel gear transmission pair, and the rotation of the lead screw 66 enables the cathode feeding seat 38 fixedly connected with the sliding seat 67 to feed forward, so that the cathode electrode 34 feeds forward.
Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the cathode spline rod 31 horizontally penetrates through the cutter positioning support seat 8 and forms a sliding fit with the cathode positioning spline groove 82 arranged in the cutter positioning support seat 8, that is, one end of the cathode spline rod 31 penetrates through the cutter positioning support seat 8 and then is fixedly connected with the cathode feeding seat 38, the cathode feeding seat 38 is fixed on the upper surface of the slide pedestal 67, the other end of the cathode spline rod 31 is connected with the insulating rod 32, the cathode connecting seat 35 is arranged at the connecting flange of the cathode mounting rod 33 and the insulating rod 32, a hollow cavity is arranged at the end of the cathode mounting rod 33 connected with the cathode electrode 34 to the inner side, the cathode electrode 34 is of a hollow structure, the hollow cavity on the cathode mounting rod 33 and the hollow structure of the cathode electrode 34 are communicated to form an electrolyte flow channel, the cathode mounting rod 33 is provided with an electrolyte inlet hole 36 connected with the electrolyte flow, the electrolyte inlet hole 36 is connected with an electrolyte inlet pipe 37, and the cathode mounting rod 33 is positioned in the sealing pipe 26 arranged in the clamp 2, namely, the cathode mounting rod 33 always feeds back and forth in the sealing pipe 26. The cathode electrode 34 is correspondingly matched with a cavity between two teeth of the gear 100 to be processed, the cross section of the cathode electrode 34 is similar to the tooth groove cross section between two adjacent teeth of the gear 100 to be processed and is smaller than the tooth groove cross section of the gear to be processed, the cathode electrode 34 feeds back and forth in the electrolyte tank 21, electrolyte flows into the electrolyte flow channel from the electrolyte inlet hole 36 and then flows out to the end face of the gear from the end part of the cathode electrode 34, and finally flows out from the electrolyte outlet hole 28 on the clamp 2 through the electrolyte tank 21 of the clamp 2, so that forward-flow liquid supply is realized, as shown in fig. 17.
In this embodiment, the insulating rod 32 is made of epoxy resin, and the sealing tube 26, the cathode mounting rod 33, and the cathode electrode 34 are made of stainless steel 304.
Furthermore, the diameter of the first straight gear 62 is smaller than that of the second straight gear 63, the diameter of the first bevel gear 64 is smaller than that of the second bevel gear 65, and the straight gear transmission pair, the bevel gear transmission pair and the moving fit of the screw 66 and the sliding seat 67 respectively form a primary speed reduction, a secondary speed reduction and a tertiary speed reduction of the cathode feeding assembly 3. That is, the first transmission shaft 51 drives the second transmission shaft 61 to rotate through a spur gear transmission pair, so that the first-stage speed reduction is realized, the second transmission shaft 61 drives the screw rod 66 to rotate through a bevel gear transmission pair, so that the second-stage speed reduction is realized, and the screw rod 66 drives the sliding table seat 67 to move back and forth, so that the third-stage speed reduction is realized. The deceleration is provided for achieving the feed rate required for the electrolytic machining by three-stage reduction because the feed rate of the tooth pushing cutter 43 in the push cutting operation is greater than the feed rate of the cathode electrode 34 in the electrolysis operation, and the synchronization of the electrolysis and the push cutting is maintained.
Further, as shown in fig. 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, a processing tank 27 that accommodates a part of the gear surface of the gear 100 to be processed and is arc-shaped as a whole is formed on the fixture 2, both side tank walls of the processing tank 27 are planes, a tank bottom of the processing tank 27 is an arc surface, both side tank walls of the processing tank 27 are respectively attached to and sealed with the gear surface of the gear 100 to be processed, the tank bottom of the processing tank 27 is attached to and sealed with an addendum circle of the gear 100 to be processed, and a sealing strip 271 is disposed in the processing tank 27, and the sealing strip 271 is matched with the gear 100 to be processed to separate the tooth pushing cavity 22 and the electrolyte tank 21 into two independent areas.
Furthermore, the electrolyte tank 21 is arranged at the bottom of the processing tank 27, a sealing hole 261 connected with the electrolyte tank 21 is further formed in the fixture 2, the arrangement direction of the electrolyte tank 21 and the sealing hole 261 is matched with the axial direction of the cathode electrode 34, a sealing tube 26 matched with the cathode mounting rod 33 is embedded in the sealing hole 261, an electrolyte outlet hole 28 is formed in one end, close to the electrolyte tank 21, of the sealing hole 261, the axial direction of the electrolyte outlet hole 28 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sealing hole 261, and the electrolyte outlet hole 28 is connected with the electrolyte outlet tube 281.
The tooth pushing cavity 22 is arranged at the bottom of the processing groove 27, the fixture 2 is further provided with a tooth pushing cutter supporting groove 25 communicated with the tooth pushing cavity 22 and matched with the tooth pushing cutter 43, the shape of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove 25 is matched with that of the tooth pushing cutter 43, one end, close to the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod 42, of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove 25 is provided with a tooth pushing sealing pipe 24 matched with the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod 42, one end of the tooth pushing sealing pipe 24 is fixed on the fixture 2 through a bolt, the other end of the tooth pushing sealing pipe 24 is in a suspension shape, the other end of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove 25 is provided with a sealing cover 241 for sealing the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod 42, one end, far away from the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod 42, of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove 25 is provided with a cooling liquid outlet, a cooling liquid inlet 29 communicated with the tooth pushing cavity 22 is arranged above the fixture, and the cooling liquid inlet 29 and the cooling liquid outlet are respectively connected with a cooling liquid inlet 291.
The liquid blowing groove 23 is arranged at the bottom of the processing groove 27 and is separated from the gear pushing cavity 22, the arrangement direction of the liquid blowing groove 23 is matched with the arrangement direction of the electrolyte groove 21, the liquid blowing groove 23 is aligned with the gear groove after electrolytic processing, the clamp 2 is provided with an air inlet hole 231 and an air outlet hole which are communicated with the liquid blowing groove 23, the air inlet hole 231 is connected with an air outlet of the air blower 233 through an air inlet pipe 232, the air outlet hole is connected with an air outlet pipe 234, and the axial direction of the air inlet hole 231 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cathode mounting rod.
Electrolytic rough machining and push cutting finish machining of the gear groove are respectively carried out in two closed spaces of an electrolyte tank 21 and a push tooth cavity 22 in the clamp 2, the push tooth cavity 22 is separated from the electrolyte tank 21 through a sealing strip 271, the gear 100 to be machined is separated, a liquid blowing tank 23 is further arranged between the electrolyte tank 21 and the push tooth cavity 22 and used for blowing away residual electrolyte on the gear groove after electrolytic machining, the isolation of two machining areas is realized, and meanwhile, the isolation of cooling liquid and the electrolyte is also realized without mutual influence.
Preferably, the fixture 2 is a split structure, and includes a first fixture body 201 and a second fixture body 202 which are involutory in the left-right direction and locked by a hinge 203, the processing groove 27 is arranged at the joint of the first fixture body 201 and the second fixture body 202, the sealing hole 261, the sealing pipe 26, the electrolyte outlet hole 28 and the air inlet hole 231 are all arranged on the first fixture body 201, the push broach support groove 25 is arranged by penetrating through the first fixture body 201 and the second fixture body 202, the cooling liquid outlet is arranged at the tail end of the push broach support groove 25 on the second fixture body 202, and the air outlet hole is arranged on the second fixture body 202.
During machining, the end face of the cathode electrode 34 always corresponds to an unmachined tooth groove on the gear 100 to be machined, the liquid blowing groove 23 always corresponds to an adjacent tooth groove after the gear 100 to be machined is electrolytically machined, and the end face of the tooth pushing blade 43 always corresponds to an electrolytically machined tooth groove on the gear 100 to be machined.
Further, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, a push-teeth cutter positioning spline groove 81 matched with the push-cutting spline shaft 41 and a cathode positioning spline groove 82 matched with the cathode spline rod 31 are provided in the cutter positioning support seat 8, the push-cutting spline shaft 41 and the cathode spline rod 31 can realize horizontal feeding along the direction defined by the push-teeth cutter positioning spline groove 81 and the cathode positioning spline groove 82 under the driving of the first transmission assembly 5 and the second transmission assembly 6, the cutter positioning support seat 8 is a split structure and is formed by combining a first seat body 83 and a second seat body 84, and the first seat body 83 is further provided with a bearing mounting hole 85 matched with the lead screw 66 and a unthreaded hole 86 matched with the guide rod 68.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 20, the present invention can be divided into a feeding area, a processing area and a turntable area, the machine tool protective cover 13 can be used to separate the three areas, and the feeding area, the front of the processing area and the rear of the turntable area surrounded by the machine tool protective cover 13 are all provided with doors and windows.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 18 and 19, firstly, the gear 100 to be machined is fixed on the working turntable 1, the right lower part of the gear 100 to be machined is located in the machining groove 27 of the fixture 2, the gear 100 to be machined is tightly attached to the groove wall of the machining groove formed by the first fixture body 201 and the second fixture body 202, and is clamped and attached and sealed by the hinge 203 and the sealing strip 271, and the tooth grooves of the gear 100 to be machined correspond to the cathode electrode 34.
Next, electrolytic processing is performed. The cathode electrode 34 is positioned in one tooth slot of the gear 100 to be machined; the gear 100 to be processed and the cathode mounting rod 33 are respectively conducted through the carbon brush 12 and the cathode wire holder 35; the speed reducing motor 7 is started, and the cathode spline rod 31 drives the cathode electrode 34 to feed forwards through the speed reducing mechanism; electrolyte flows into the electrolyte flow channel from the electrolyte inlet hole 36 and then flows out from the end part of the cathode electrode 34 to the end surface of the gear, and finally flows out from the electrolyte outlet hole 28 at the tail end of the sealing hole 261 through the electrolyte tank 21, so that forward flow type liquid supply is realized; after a tooth socket is machined, the reducing motor 7 rotates reversely to drive the cathode electrode 34 to return, the motor 11 drives the working turntable to rotate to drive the gear 100 to be machined to rotate for indexing of one tooth, and the liquid blowing groove 23 faces the tooth socket after the electrolysis is finished; and the blower 233 is started, the air inlet pipe 232 supplies air to the liquid blowing groove 23 in the clamp 2 to blow off the residual electrolyte on the gear teeth, and finally the residual electrolyte on the gear teeth is discharged through the air outlet hole at the tail end of the liquid blowing groove 23 to continue to process the next gear teeth.
And finally, performing fine push cutting. When the electrolytically machined tooth socket rotates to the tooth pushing cavity 22 above the clamp 2 and is aligned with the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove 25, the speed reducing motor 7 is started, the cathode electrode 34 and the tooth pushing cutter 43 realize differential speed simultaneous feeding action through an electrolytic feeding speed reducing mechanism and an eccentric wheel mechanism, and the push-cut spline shaft 41 drives the tooth pushing cutter 43 to feed through the first transmission shaft 51 and the eccentric wheel mechanism, so that the fine push-cut of the tooth socket is realized; after finishing the finish machining of one tooth socket, the cathode electrode 34 also finishes the rough machining of the next tooth socket at the moment, and then continues to finish the finish push-cutting of the next electrolytically machined tooth socket.
When the device is used, the device is mainly used for machining gears, but not limited to machining gears, and external splines and common splines can be machined by the device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the cathode positioning spline groove on the cutter positioning support seat is utilized to determine the cathode position of electrolytic machining, and the tooth pushing cutter positioning spline groove on the cutter positioning support seat is utilized to determine the relative position of push cutting machining, so that the machining precision of the tooth socket is obviously improved; 2) according to the invention, firstly, the electrochemical rough machining of the gear groove is carried out, and then the push-cutting finish machining of the gear groove is carried out, the gear push-cutting can be carried out more easily and efficiently by the combined machining process, the length of the push-tooth cutter is obviously shortened, the resistance is obviously reduced, the abrasion loss of the push-tooth cutter is obviously reduced, and the service life is longer; 3) the gear can be processed by pushing and electrolytic machining at the same time, the clamp does not need to be disassembled when a workpiece is processed, and the gear can realize continuous machining of the gear by the indexing rotation of the working turntable; 4) the invention realizes the push cutting processing and the electrolytic processing by utilizing the electrolytic feeding speed reducing mechanism, can process workpieces at respective specified feeding speeds, has more perfect structure, higher efficiency and higher processing surface precision; 5) the invention realizes the separation of the electrolytic machining area and the push cutting machining area by utilizing the clamp and the gear to be machined, realizes the mutual isolation of the electrolyte and the cooling liquid, effectively avoids the mixing of the electrolyte and the cooling liquid, ensures that the two working areas can work simultaneously without mutual influence, has more stable machining process, and is safe and feasible; 6) the push broach and the electrolytic machining cathode electrode for push cutting machining can be used for machining metal materials which are difficult to machine and have high hardness and high strength, and can really and specifically solve the practical problems in machining.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an electrolysis push cut combined machining instrument to disk body part which characterized in that: comprises a working turntable (1) used for fixing a gear (100) to be processed and a clamp (2) used for clamping part of the wheel surface of the gear (100) to be processed, and also comprises a cathode feeding component (3) and a push cutting feeding component (4) which are used for carrying out rough machining and finish machining on the gear groove of the gear (100) to be processed in sequence, wherein the cathode feeding component (3) and the push cutting feeding component (4) are respectively connected with a speed reducing motor (7) through a second transmission component (6) and a first transmission component (5), the cathode feeding component (3) comprises a cathode spline rod (31), an insulating rod (32), a cathode mounting rod (33) and a cathode electrode (34) which are concentrically arranged and are sequentially connected, the push cutting feeding component (4) comprises a push cutting spline shaft (41), a push tooth cutter mounting rod (42) and a push tooth cutter (43) which are concentrically arranged and are sequentially connected, the cathode spline rod (31) and the push-cut spline shaft (41) are fixed on a machine tool base (9) through a cutter positioning support seat (8), an electrolyte tank (21) and a push tooth cavity (22) which are isolated from each other are arranged in the fixture (2), a blow tank (23) is arranged between the electrolyte tank (21) and the push tooth cavity (22), a cathode electrode (34) is driven by a second transmission component (6) to horizontally feed in the electrolyte tank (21) to finish rough machining of a gear groove, a push tooth cutter (43) is driven by a first transmission component (5) to horizontally feed in the push tooth cavity (22) to finish machining of the rough machined gear groove, the working turntable (1) is driven by a motor (11) to drive a gear (100) to be machined to rotate, and the gear groove of the gear (100) to be machined sequentially passes through the electrolyte tank (21), A liquid blowing groove (23) and a tooth pushing cavity (22).
2. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: push away cut integral key shaft (41) level run through cutter location supporting seat (8) and form sliding fit with push away tooth sword location spline groove (81) that sets up in cutter location supporting seat (8), the one end of push away cut integral key shaft (41) links firmly with the bulb briquetting among the bulb draw bar subassembly, push away tooth sword installation pole (42) and anchor clamps (2) on push away tooth sealing tube (24) that set up cooperate, push away tooth sword (43) cooperate with the inside push away tooth sword support groove (25) that sets up of anchor clamps (2).
3. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: the cathode spline rod (31) horizontally penetrates through the cutter positioning support seat (8) and forms sliding fit with a cathode positioning spline groove (82) arranged in the cutter positioning support seat (8), a cathode wire holder (35) is arranged at the connecting flange of the cathode mounting rod (33) and the insulating rod (32), one end of the cathode mounting rod (33) connected with the cathode electrode (34) is provided with a hollow cavity towards the inner side, the cathode electrode (34) is of a hollow structure, a hollow cavity on the cathode mounting rod (33) is communicated with the hollow structure of the cathode electrode (34) to form an electrolyte flow channel, the cathode mounting rod (33) is provided with an electrolyte inlet hole (36) connected with the electrolyte flow channel, the electrolyte inlet hole (36) is connected with an electrolyte inlet pipe (37), the cathode mounting rod (33) is positioned in a sealing tube (26) arranged in the clamp (2).
4. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: the clamp (2) is provided with a processing groove (27) which is used for accommodating part of the gear surface of the gear (100) to be processed and is arc-shaped as a whole, the groove walls on the two sides of the processing groove (27) are planes, the groove bottom of the processing groove (27) is an arc surface, the groove walls on the two sides of the processing groove (27) are respectively attached to and sealed with the gear surface of the gear (100) to be processed, the groove bottom of the processing groove (27) is attached to and sealed with the addendum circle of the gear (100) to be processed, a sealing strip (271) is arranged in the processing groove (27), the sealing strip (271) is matched with the gear (100) to be processed to separate the gear pushing cavity (22) and the electrolyte tank (21) into two independent areas, the clamp (2) is of a split structure and comprises a first clamp body (201) and a second clamp body (202) which are oppositely arranged in the left and right directions and locked through a hinge (203), the processing groove (27) is arranged at the joint of the first clamp body (201) and the second clamp body (202).
5. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: electrolyte tank (21) set up the tank bottom position in processing groove (27), anchor clamps (2) in still seted up sealed hole (261) that are connected with electrolyte tank (21), electrolyte tank (21) and sealed hole (261) set up the axial of direction and cathode electrode (34) coincide, sealed hole (261) embedded have with negative pole installation pole (33) matched with sealed tube (26), sealed hole (261) be equipped with electrolyte liquid outlet hole (28) in the one end that is close to electrolyte tank (21), the axial perpendicular to sealed hole (261) of electrolyte liquid outlet hole (28) axial, and liquid outlet hole (28) link to each other with electrolyte liquid outlet pipe (281).
6. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: the tooth pushing cavity (22) is arranged at the bottom of the machining groove (27), a tooth pushing cutter supporting groove (25) which is communicated with the tooth pushing cavity (22) and matched with the tooth pushing cutter (43) is further arranged on the fixture (2), the shape of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove (25) is matched with the shape of the tooth pushing cutter (43), a tooth pushing sealing pipe (24) which is matched with the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod (42) is arranged at one end, close to the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod (42), of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove (25), one end of the tooth pushing sealing pipe (24) is fixed on the fixture (2) through a bolt, the other end of the tooth pushing sealing pipe (24) is in a suspension shape and is provided with a sealing cover (241) for sealing the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod (42), one end, far away from the tooth pushing cutter mounting rod (42), of the tooth pushing cutter supporting groove (25) is provided with a cooling liquid outlet, a cooling liquid inlet (29) which is communicated with the tooth pushing cavity (22) is arranged above the fixture, and the cooling liquid inlet (29) and the cooling liquid outlet are respectively connected with the cooling liquid inlet pipe (291) and the cooling liquid outlet pipe (292).
7. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a gear groove that electrolytic machining was back is aimed at to anchor clamps (2), anchor clamps (2) on be equipped with inlet port (231) and the venthole that communicate with blowing groove (23), inlet port (231) be connected with the gas outlet of air-blower (233) through intake pipe (232), the venthole be connected with outlet duct (234), the axial perpendicular to the axial of cathode mounting rod (33) of inlet port (231), blow cistern (23) set up the tank bottom position of processing groove (27) and with push away tooth chamber (22) isolated, the direction that sets up of blowing cistern (23) is identical with the direction that sets up of electrolyte tank (21), and blowing cistern (23) aim at the gear groove after the electrolytic machining.
8. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: first drive assembly (5) include first transmission shaft (51), eccentric wheel (52) and bulb draw bar assembly, first transmission shaft (51) run through lathe base (9) perpendicularly and pass through the coupling joint with the output shaft of gear motor (7), eccentric wheel (52) pass through the key and fix the top at first transmission shaft (51), bulb draw bar assembly including the pole head (53), pole body (54), bulb (55) that connect gradually and with bulb (55) matched with bulb briquetting (56), wherein: one end of the rod head (53) is fixed on an output shaft of the eccentric wheel (52) through a thrust ball bearing (57) and is tightly pressed through a cover body (58) above the thrust ball bearing (57), the other end of the rod head (53) is hinged with the rod body (54), the other end of the rod body (54) is in threaded connection with the ball head (55), the ball head (55) is rotatably fixed in a spherical cavity inside the ball head pressing block (56), and the ball head pressing block (56) is fixed with the push-cut spline shaft (41).
9. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: second drive assembly (6) include second transmission shaft (61), lead screw slip table subassembly, connect the straight-gear drive pair of first transmission shaft (51) and second transmission shaft (61), connect the bevel gear drive pair of second transmission shaft (61) and lead screw slip table subassembly, straight-gear drive pair including engaged with first straight-gear (62) and second straight-gear (63), bevel gear drive pair including engaged with first bevel gear (64) and second bevel gear (65), lead screw slip table subassembly include lead screw (66) coaxial with second bevel gear (65), form lead screw nut complex sliding table seat (67) with lead screw (66), with lead screw (66) parallel arrangement and be located guide bar (68) both sides of lead screw (66), wherein: the first straight gear (62) is fixed on the first transmission shaft (51) through a key, the second straight gear (63) and the first bevel gear (64) are fixed on the second transmission shaft (61) through keys respectively, the guide rod (68) penetrates through the sliding base (67), two ends of the guide rod (68) are fixedly connected with the third supporting base (93) and the cutter positioning supporting base (8) respectively, two ends of the lead screw (66) are fixed on the third supporting base (93) and the cutter positioning supporting base (8) through bearings respectively, and the sliding base (67) is provided with a cathode feeding base (38) fixedly connected with the cathode spline rod (31); the diameter of the first straight gear (62) is smaller than that of the second straight gear (63), the diameter of the first bevel gear (64) is smaller than that of the second bevel gear (65), and the straight gear transmission pair, the bevel gear transmission pair and the moving fit of the screw rod (66) and the sliding pedestal (67) respectively form primary speed reduction, secondary speed reduction and tertiary speed reduction of the cathode feeding assembly (3).
10. The electrolytic push machining composite tool for disc parts of claim 1, wherein: the cutting tool positioning support seat is characterized in that a tooth pushing tool positioning spline groove (81) matched with the push-cut spline shaft (41) and a cathode positioning spline groove (82) matched with the cathode spline rod (31) are arranged in the cutting tool positioning support seat (8), the push-cut spline shaft (41) and the cathode spline rod (31) can realize horizontal feeding along the direction limited by the tooth pushing tool positioning spline groove (81) and the cathode positioning spline groove (82) under the driving of the first transmission assembly (5) and the second transmission assembly (6), the cutting tool positioning support seat (8) is of a split structure and is formed by oppositely combining a first seat body (83) and a second seat body (84), and the first seat body (83) is further provided with a bearing mounting hole (85) matched with the lead screw (66) and a unthreaded hole (86) matched with the guide rod (68).
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| CN202010873190.3A CN111992826B (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2020-08-26 | Electrolysis push-cut combined machining tool for disk body parts |
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