CN114406374B - Aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and method - Google Patents
Aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114406374B CN114406374B CN202111640889.6A CN202111640889A CN114406374B CN 114406374 B CN114406374 B CN 114406374B CN 202111640889 A CN202111640889 A CN 202111640889A CN 114406374 B CN114406374 B CN 114406374B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/06—Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/14—Supply or regeneration of working media
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
Abstract
The invention discloses an aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device which comprises a first steady flow tool, a second steady flow tool and an electrolytic broaching machining cathode, wherein the first steady flow tool is connected with the second steady flow tool; a first flow channel is arranged in the first flow stabilizing tool, a second flow channel is arranged in the second flow stabilizing tool, and a butt joint opening is formed in one end of each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel; the electrolytic broaching machining cathode is internally provided with a third flow passage, the electrolytic broaching machining cathode comprises a cathode rod, and a sleeve-shaped electrode, an insulating section, a transition section, a broaching electrode and a flow guide section which are sequentially and hermetically connected in the axial direction, the third flow passage is provided with an outlet on the end surface of the sleeve-shaped electrode, and the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section, the transition section, the broaching electrode and the flow guide section are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the cathode rod respectively. The processing method comprises the following steps: firstly, electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining is carried out by utilizing a sleeve-shaped electrode, and then electrolytic broaching shape-modifying finish machining is carried out by utilizing a broaching electrode. The invention can realize one-time high-precision forming processing from the workpiece blank to the mortise structure at higher feeding speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aero-engine turbine disc mortise electromachining, in particular to an aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and method.
Background
The turbine disc is an important part of the aero-engine, is connected with the turbine blades through the tenon-and-mortise to form a turbine rotor, is extremely severe in working environment, bears the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the centrifugal force, the cold and hot alternation, the stress cycle, the vibration fatigue and the like of the blades and the turbine blades, and is a hot-end part of the aero-engine, namely the turbine disc is high in processing requirement quality, high in reliability and good in fatigue resistance. The turbine disc mainly comprises a disc body and dozens of fir-tree mortises uniformly distributed on the periphery of the disc wheel, wherein the mortises are complex in structure and high in form and position tolerance requirement, and great challenges are brought to machining and manufacturing.
The turbine disc mortise structure has a complex processing process, and the process requirements of the turbine disc mortise structure can be met only by performing corresponding rough machining and finish machining after finishing primary slotting. The conventional machining methods such as milling, broaching and grinding have the problems of complex cutter shape, low cutter rigidity, easy loss, burr and sharp edge of a workpiece and the like, and when wire-cut electric discharge machining is adopted, the machining efficiency is low, a recast layer, a heat affected zone and the like are easily generated on the surface of the workpiece, and the service life of a turbine disc is influenced.
In a patent with the application number of 201910835461.3 and the name of a turbine tongue-and-groove ultrasonic-assisted precise electrolytic grinding machining system and method, a tool grinding wheel rotates at a high speed and feeds along the grooving direction of a semi-finished turbine disc, the ultrasonic vibration and electrolytic grinding combined machining of a turbine tongue-and-groove structure is realized, a part of materials are removed by rough machining of the groove of the turbine disc in the early stage, and the tool grinding wheel has machining loss.
In a patent with the application number of 201910937448.9 and the name of 'an electrolysis-broaching combined machining method', a metal plate electrode performs an electrochemical corrosion action on a workpiece to corrode and remove part of materials and reduce the mechanical property of the materials, a broaching blade cuts off a surface corrosion layer to expose a base material, the next electrode performs electrochemical corrosion again, and the electrolytic machining and the broaching cutting are sequentially and alternately performed to complete the mortise machining, but the problems of broach abrasion, poor machining surface quality and the like exist.
In the patent with the application number of 202110717737.5 and the name of 'a cutting device and a cutting method', the structural characteristic shape of a tongue-and-groove is machined by wire-cut electric discharge machining, and then a recasting layer generated by wire-cut electric discharge machining is removed by wire-cut electrolysis, but the wire-cut electrolysis process is low in machining speed and long in machining period, equipment needs to be replaced when electric discharge machining and electrolysis machining are switched, and repeated clamping errors are introduced.
In the patent with the application number of 201910573829.3 and the name of 'cathode tongue-and-groove electrolytic machining device and method with symmetrical openings', the cathode blades are in the symmetrical openings, electrolytic machining of symmetrical surfaces on two sides of the tenon is achieved, but the method is large in machining clearance, low in machining precision and suitable for rough machining of the tongue-and-groove structure.
In summary, the existing turbine disc mortise machining method adopts a multi-step composite machining method, namely, rough machining is firstly adopted to remove part of materials, then finish machining is used to shape the mortise, the machining process is complex, the machining speed and the machining precision are low, and multiple clamping errors are easy to generate. Therefore, a new electrolytic processing method is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrolysis broaching machining device and method for a mortise of a turbine disc of an aero-engine, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and realizing one-time forming machining from a workpiece blank to a mortise structure at a high feeding speed on the premise of ensuring machining precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an electrolytic broaching machining device for a mortise of a turbine disc of an aircraft engine, which comprises a first current-stabilizing tool, a second current-stabilizing tool and an electrolytic broaching machining cathode, wherein the first current-stabilizing tool is connected with the first current-stabilizing tool;
a first flow channel is arranged in the first flow stabilizing tool, a second flow channel is arranged in the second flow stabilizing tool, a butt joint opening is formed in one end of each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel, the shape of the butt joint opening is the same as that of the cross section of the mortise to be machined, and the size of the butt joint opening is the same as that of the mortise to be machined;
the electrolytic broaching machining cathode is internally provided with a third flow passage, the electrolytic broaching machining cathode comprises a cathode rod, and a sleeve-shaped electrode, an insulating section, a transition section, a broaching electrode and a flow guide section which are axially and sequentially hermetically connected, an outlet is formed in the end face of the sleeve-shaped electrode of the third flow passage, the shape of the outlet and the shape of the cross section of the electrolytic broaching machining cathode are the same as the shape of the cross section of a mortise to be machined, and the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section, the transition section, the broaching electrode and the flow guide section are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the cathode rod respectively;
the cross sections of the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section, the transition section and one end of the broaching electrode close to the transition section are the same in size, the side wall of the broaching electrode except the part connected with the cathode rod is gradually and uniformly expanded from one end close to the transition section to the other end, and one end of the broaching electrode close to the flow guide section is the same in size as the cross section of the flow guide section; the first current stabilizing tool, the second current stabilizing tool, the cathode rod, the insulating section, the transition section and the flow guide section are insulated; and the third flow channel is provided with a limiting step on the transition section or the insulating section.
Preferably, the workpiece to be machined is clamped between the first flow stabilizing tool and the second flow stabilizing tool, one of the butt joint openings is attached to one side of the workpiece, and the other butt joint opening is attached to the other side of the workpiece.
Preferably, the shape of the cross section of the first flow passage and the shape of the cross section of the second flow passage are both the same as the shape of the cross section of the mortise to be machined, and the size of the cross section of the first flow passage and the size of the cross section of the second flow passage are both the same as the size of the mortise to be machined.
Preferably, the size of the cross section of the sleeve-shaped electrode is smaller than that of the mortise to be machined; the size of the cross section of one end of the broaching electrode, which is close to the flow guide section, is smaller than that of the mortise to be machined; the bottom end of the sleeve-shaped electrode is higher than the bottommost end of the broaching electrode.
Preferably, the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel are all through grooves, and a first electrolyte inlet is formed in one end, far away from the butt joint opening, of the first flow channel; the third flow channel penetrates through the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section, the transition section, the broaching electrode and the flow guide section, and a second electrolyte inlet is formed in the flow guide section of the third flow channel.
Preferably, the limiting step is arranged on the transition section, and the shape of the cross section of the limiting step is the same as that of the cross section of the mortise to be machined.
Preferably, the sum of the lengths of the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section and the transition section is greater than the thickness of the workpiece to be machined.
The invention also provides an aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining method, which is based on the aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and comprises the following steps of:
(1) Clamping a workpiece to be processed between the first flow stabilizing tool and the second flow stabilizing tool, attaching a butt joint opening of a first flow channel to the front end face of the workpiece, attaching a butt joint opening of a second flow channel to the rear end face of the workpiece, and ensuring that the first flow channel and the second flow channel are coaxial;
(2) Fixedly connecting a cathode rod with a main shaft of a machine tool, injecting electrolyte into the first flow channel, and providing back pressure for the front end face of the workpiece through the electrolyte in the first flow channel;
(3) Connecting the workpiece with the anode of an external direct current power supply, and connecting the sleeve-shaped electrode with the cathode of the external direct current power supply; driving an electrolytic broaching machining cathode to penetrate into the second flow channel through the machine tool, forming a machining gap between the sleeve-shaped electrode and the rear end face of the workpiece, and ensuring that a gap can be formed between the outer wall of the flow guide section and the inner wall of the second flow channel;
(4) Injecting electrolyte into a third flow channel, and simultaneously driving the electrolytic broaching machining cathode to feed towards the front end face of the workpiece through the machine tool, wherein the electrolyte in the third flow channel flows into a machining gap and flows out through the second flow channel; the front end surface of the sleeve-shaped electrode is subjected to electrochemical dissolution and corrosion to remove the material of the workpiece until the sleeve-shaped electrode penetrates through the workpiece, electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining of a tongue-and-groove structure is completed, and the workpiece and the sleeve-shaped electrode are disconnected from the external direct-current power supply;
(5) The tenon cut by the electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining is remained in the third flow channel, and is attached to the limiting step under the action of the back pressure, so that the third flow channel is blocked; maintaining the supply of the electrolyte in the first flow channel and cutting off the supply of the electrolyte in the third flow channel;
(6) Connecting the workpiece with the anode of an external pulse power supply, and connecting the broaching electrode with the cathode of the external pulse power supply; driving the electrolytic broaching cathode to feed towards the front end face of the workpiece by the machine tool, wherein the electrolyte in the first flow passage flows to the second flow passage through a gap between the side wall of the electrolytic broaching cathode and the mortise formed by the electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining; the outer wall of the broaching electrode erodes redundant materials of the mortise through electrochemical dissolution until the broaching electrode is cut out from the front end face of the workpiece, and electrolytic broaching shape-modifying finish machining of a single mortise structure is completed;
(7) Disconnecting the workpiece and the broaching electrode from the external pulse power supply, and stopping the liquid supply of the electrolyte in the first flow channel; and stopping feeding the cathode for electrolytic broaching until the guide section is cut out from the front end of the workpiece, taking down the tenon, and finishing the processing of the single mortise structure.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step (8): and (4) returning the cathode for electrolytic broaching to the initial position, performing indexing rotation on the workpiece, and repeating the steps (1) - (7) to finish the machining of the next mortise structure.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step (9): and (5) repeating the step (8) until the electrolytic machining of all the mortise structures on the turbine disc is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
the aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and method provided by the invention can realize one-time forming machining from a workpiece blank to a mortise structure at a high feeding speed on the premise of ensuring the machining precision. The electrochemical sleeve shape rough machining and the electrochemical broaching finish machining are realized in the one-time feeding process of the cathode of the integrated tool, the workpiece only needs to be clamped once, the electrochemical broaching is directly carried out after the sleeve material is machined, and the circumferential relative position of the cathode of the broaching tool and the mortise machined by the sleeve material can be ensured, so that the circumferential machining gap is ensured to be uniform, and the one-time efficient and high-speed electrochemical forming machining from the workpiece blank to the mortise structure is completed. Two types of electrolytic machining flow fields are designed, and when the electrolytic sleeve shape is roughly machined, electrolyte flows into an end face machining gap from a flow guide section; when the sleeve penetrates, the flow field is timely converted into a broaching full-profile flow field, and meanwhile, a tenon falling from the sleeve is pushed against the inner cavity to block the liquid supply in the first flow passage and close the liquid supply of the third flow passage (sleeve-shaped liquid supply passage); when the electrolytic broaching finish machining is carried out, high-speed and high-pressure electrolyte flows into the side machining gap from the first flow stabilizing tool, the two flow fields are connected, the electrolyte is ensured to flow in the machining gap all the time, and the stability of the electrolyte flow field in the machining process is realized.
The invention adopts two electrolytic machining power supply modes, the electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining adopts a direct-current power supply for power supply, and the electrolytic broaching fine machining adopts a pulse power supply for power supply, so that the combined machining of the electrolytic sleeve-shaped machining and the electrolytic broaching machining is realized, and the machining efficiency and the machining precision can be effectively considered.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of an aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of the aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural view of an aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of the aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an electrolytic broaching machining cathode in the aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of an aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching device according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a sleeve-shaped electrode; 2. an insulating section; 3. a transition section; 301. a limiting step; 4. broaching the electrode; 5. a flow guide section; 6. a cathode rod; 7. a first flow stabilizing tool; 8. a second flow stabilizing tool; 9. a workpiece; 9-1, tenon; 10. the direction of feed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an electrolysis broaching machining device and method for a mortise of a turbine disc of an aero-engine, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and realizing one-time forming machining from a workpiece blank to a mortise structure at a high feeding speed on the premise of ensuring machining precision.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6: the embodiment provides an aeroengine turbine disc tongue-and-groove electrolytic broaching machining device which comprises a first steady flow tool 7, a second steady flow tool 8 and an electrolytic broaching machining cathode.
The first flow stabilizing tool 7 serves as a front flow stabilizing tool, and the second flow stabilizing tool 8 serves as a rear flow stabilizing tool; a first flow channel is arranged in the first flow stabilizing tool 7, a second flow channel is arranged in the second flow stabilizing tool 8, a butt joint opening is arranged at one end of each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel, the shape of the butt joint opening is the same as that of the cross section of the mortise to be machined, and the size of the butt joint opening is the same as that of the mortise to be machined; in this embodiment, the shape of the cross section of the first flow passage and the shape of the cross section of the second flow passage are both the same as the shape of the cross section of the mortise to be machined, and the size of the cross section of the first flow passage and the size of the cross section of the second flow passage are both the same as the size of the mortise to be machined. The first flow passage and the second flow passage can also be understood as through grooves formed on the first flow stabilizing tool 7 and the second flow stabilizing tool 8 after the cross section of a mortise to be machined is axially stretched.
In this embodiment, the first flow stabilizing tool 7 and the second flow stabilizing tool 8 are used for clamping a workpiece 9 to be processed, the butt joint opening of the first flow channel is attached to the front end face of the workpiece 9, and the butt joint opening of the second flow channel is attached to the rear end face of the workpiece 9.
The electrolytic broaching machining cathode comprises a cathode rod 6, and a sleeve-shaped electrode 1, an insulating section 2, a transition section 3, a broaching electrode 4 and a flow guide section 5 which are axially and sequentially connected in a sealing manner, an outlet is formed in the end face of the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 of the third flow channel, the shape of the outlet and the shape of the cross section of the electrolytic broaching machining cathode are the same as the shape of the cross section of a mortise to be machined, and the sleeve-shaped electrode 1, the insulating section 2, the transition section 3, the broaching electrode 4 and the flow guide section 5 are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the cathode rod 6 respectively;
the cross sections of the sleeve-shaped electrode 1, the insulating section 2, the transition section 3 and one end of the broaching electrode 4 close to the transition section 3 are the same in size, the side wall of the broaching electrode 4 except the part connected with the cathode rod 6 is gradually and uniformly expanded from one end close to the transition section 3 to the other end, and one end of the broaching electrode 4 close to the flow guide section 5 is the same in size as the cross section of the flow guide section 5; the size of the cross section of the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 is smaller than that of a mortise to be processed; the size of the cross section of one end of the broaching electrode 4 close to the flow guide section 5 is smaller than that of a mortise to be machined; the bottom end of the sleeve electrode 1 is higher than the lowermost end of the broaching electrode 4.
The electrolytic broaching machining cathode is internally provided with a third flow passage, the third flow passage penetrates through the sleeve-shaped electrode 1, the insulating section 2, the transition section 3, the broaching electrode 4 and the flow guide section 5, the inner wall of the transition section 3 of the third flow passage is provided with a limiting step 301, and the shape of the cross section of the limiting step 301 is the same as that of the cross section of the mortise to be machined.
The first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel are all through grooves, and a first electrolyte inlet is formed in one end, far away from the butt joint opening, of the first flow channel; the third flow channel is provided with a second electrolyte inlet at the flow guide section 5.
The sum of the lengths of the sleeve-shaped electrode 1, the insulating section 2 and the transition section 3 is larger than the thickness of the workpiece 9 to be machined, so that the broaching electrode 4 is prevented from interfering with the workpiece 9 before the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 penetrates through the workpiece 9.
The first current stabilizing tool 7, the second current stabilizing tool 8, the cathode rod 6, the insulating section 2, the transition section 3 and the flow guide section 5 are all made of insulating materials.
The invention also provides an aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining method, which is based on the aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and comprises the following steps of:
(1) Clamping a workpiece 9 to be processed between a first flow stabilizing tool 7 and a second flow stabilizing tool 8, attaching a butt joint opening of a first flow channel to the front end face of the workpiece 9, attaching a butt joint opening of a second flow channel to the rear end face of the workpiece 9, and ensuring that the first flow channel and the second flow channel are coaxial;
(2) Fixedly connecting a cathode rod 6 with a main shaft of a machine tool, injecting electrolyte into the first flow channel, and providing back pressure for the front end face of the workpiece 9 through the electrolyte in the first flow channel;
(3) Connecting the workpiece 9 with the anode of an external direct current power supply, and connecting the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 with the cathode of the external direct current power supply; the electrolytic broaching machining cathode is driven by the machine tool to penetrate into the second flow channel, a machining gap is formed between the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 and the rear end face of the workpiece 9, and a gap is formed between the outer wall of the flow guide section 5 and the inner wall of the second flow channel;
(4) Referring to fig. 1, electrolyte is injected into the third flow channel, and simultaneously, the electrolytic broaching machining cathode is driven by the machine tool to feed at a speed of 1-2mm/min in the feeding direction 10, and the electrolyte in the third flow channel flows into the machining gap and flows out through the second flow channel; the front end surface of the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 is subjected to electrochemical dissolution and corrosion to remove the material of the workpiece 9 until the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 penetrates through the workpiece 9 (refer to fig. 2), electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining of a tongue-and-groove structure is completed, and the workpiece 9 and the sleeve-shaped electrode 1 are disconnected from an external direct-current power supply;
(5) The tenon 9-1 cut off by the electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining is remained in the third flow channel, and is attached to the limit step 301 under the action of back pressure to block the third flow channel; maintaining the supply of the electrolyte in the first flow passage, and cutting off the supply of the electrolyte in the third flow passage;
(6) Connecting the workpiece 9 with the anode of an external pulse power supply, and connecting the broaching electrode 4 with the cathode of the external pulse power supply; referring to fig. 3 and 4, the electrolytic broaching cathode is driven by the machine tool to feed at a speed of 50 to 100mm/min or more in the feeding direction 10, and the electrolyte in the first flow passage flows to the second flow passage through a gap between the side wall of the electrolytic broaching cathode and the mortise formed by the electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining; the redundant material of the mortise is etched and removed by the outer wall of the broaching electrode 4 through the electrochemical dissolution action until the broaching electrode 4 is cut out from the front end face of the workpiece 9, and the electrolytic broaching, shaping and finish machining of a single mortise structure are completed;
(7) Disconnecting the workpiece 9 and the broaching electrode 4 from the external pulse power supply, and stopping the liquid supply of the electrolyte in the first flow channel; and stopping feeding of the cathode for electrolytic broaching until the guide section 5 is cut out from the front end of the workpiece 9, taking down the tenon 9-1, and finishing the machining of the single mortise structure.
(8) And (5) returning the cathode for electrolytic broaching machining to the initial position, indexing and rotating the workpiece 9, and repeating the steps (1) to (7) to finish the machining of the next mortise structure.
(9) And (5) repeating the step (8) until the electrolytic machining of all the mortise structures on the workpiece 9 (namely the turbine disc) is completed.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an aeroengine turbine disc tongue-and-groove electrolysis broaching processingequipment which characterized in that: the device comprises a first current stabilizing tool, a second current stabilizing tool and an electrolytic broaching machining cathode;
a first flow channel is arranged in the first flow stabilizing tool, a second flow channel is arranged in the second flow stabilizing tool, a butt joint opening is formed in one end of each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel, the shape of the butt joint opening is the same as that of the cross section of the mortise to be machined, and the size of the butt joint opening is the same as that of the mortise to be machined;
the electrolytic broaching machining cathode is internally provided with a third flow passage, the electrolytic broaching machining cathode comprises a cathode rod, and a sleeve-shaped electrode, an insulating section, a transition section, a broaching electrode and a flow guide section which are axially and sequentially hermetically connected, an outlet is formed in the end face of the sleeve-shaped electrode of the third flow passage, the shape of the outlet and the shape of the cross section of the electrolytic broaching machining cathode are the same as the shape of the cross section of a mortise to be machined, and the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section, the transition section, the broaching electrode and the flow guide section are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the cathode rod respectively;
the cross sections of the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section, the transition section and one end of the broaching electrode close to the transition section are the same in size, the side wall of the broaching electrode except the part connected with the cathode rod is gradually and uniformly expanded from one end close to the transition section to the other end, and one end of the broaching electrode close to the flow guide section is the same in size as the cross section of the flow guide section; the first current stabilizing tool, the second current stabilizing tool, the cathode rod, the insulating section, the transition section and the flow guide section are all insulated; and the third flow channel is provided with a limiting step on the transition section or the insulating section.
2. The aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the workpiece to be processed is clamped between the first flow stabilizing tool and the second flow stabilizing tool, one of the butt joint openings is attached to one side of the workpiece, and the other butt joint opening is attached to the other side of the workpiece.
3. The aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the shape of the cross section of the first flow channel and the shape of the cross section of the second flow channel are the same as the shape of the cross section of the mortise to be machined, and the size of the cross section of the first flow channel and the size of the cross section of the second flow channel are the same as the size of the mortise to be machined.
4. The aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device according to claim 3, wherein: the size of the cross section of the sleeve-shaped electrode is smaller than that of the mortise to be machined; the size of the cross section of one end of the broaching electrode, which is close to the flow guide section, is smaller than that of the mortise to be machined; the bottom end of the sleeve-shaped electrode is higher than the bottommost end of the broaching electrode.
5. The aero-engine turbine disc tongue-and-groove electrolytic broaching machining device according to claim 4, wherein: the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel are all through grooves, and a first electrolyte inlet is formed in one end, far away from the butt joint opening, of the first flow channel; the third flow channel penetrates through the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section, the transition section, the broaching electrode and the flow guide section, and a second electrolyte inlet is formed in the flow guide section of the third flow channel.
6. The aero-engine turbine disc tongue-and-groove electrolytic broaching machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the limiting step is arranged on the transition section, and the shape of the cross section of the limiting step is the same as that of the cross section of the mortise needing to be machined.
7. The aero-engine turbine disc tongue-and-groove electrolytic broaching machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the sum of the lengths of the sleeve-shaped electrode, the insulating section and the transition section is greater than the thickness of a workpiece to be processed.
8. An aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining method is characterized in that the aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device based on any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps:
(1) Clamping a workpiece to be processed between the first flow stabilizing tool and the second flow stabilizing tool, attaching a butt joint opening of a first flow channel to the front end face of the workpiece, attaching a butt joint opening of a second flow channel to the rear end face of the workpiece, and ensuring that the first flow channel and the second flow channel are coaxial;
(2) Fixedly connecting a cathode rod with a main shaft of a machine tool, injecting electrolyte into the first flow channel, and providing back pressure for the front end face of the workpiece through the electrolyte in the first flow channel;
(3) Connecting the workpiece with the anode of an external direct current power supply, and connecting the sleeve-shaped electrode with the cathode of the external direct current power supply; driving an electrolytic broaching machining cathode to penetrate into the second flow channel through the machine tool, forming a machining gap between the sleeve-shaped electrode and the rear end face of the workpiece, and ensuring that a gap can be formed between the outer wall of the flow guide section and the inner wall of the second flow channel;
(4) Injecting electrolyte into a third flow channel, and simultaneously driving the electrolytic broaching machining cathode to feed towards the front end face of the workpiece through the machine tool, wherein the electrolyte in the third flow channel flows into a machining gap and flows out through the second flow channel; the front end surface of the sleeve-shaped electrode is subjected to electrochemical dissolution and corrosion to remove the material of the workpiece until the sleeve-shaped electrode penetrates through the workpiece, electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining of a tongue-and-groove structure is completed, and the workpiece and the sleeve-shaped electrode are disconnected from the external direct-current power supply;
(5) The tenon cut by the electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining is remained in the third flow channel, and is attached to the limiting step under the action of the back pressure, so that the third flow channel is blocked; maintaining the supply of the electrolyte in the first flow channel and cutting off the supply of the electrolyte in the third flow channel;
(6) Connecting the workpiece with the anode of an external pulse power supply, and connecting the broaching electrode with the cathode of the external pulse power supply; driving the electrolytic broaching cathode to feed towards the front end face of the workpiece by the machine tool, wherein the electrolyte in the first flow passage flows to the second flow passage through a gap between the side wall of the electrolytic broaching cathode and a mortise formed by the electrolytic sleeve-shaped rough machining; the outer wall of the broaching electrode erodes redundant materials of the mortise through electrochemical dissolution until the broaching electrode is cut out from the front end face of the workpiece, and electrolytic broaching shape-modifying finish machining of a single mortise structure is completed;
(7) Disconnecting the workpiece and the broaching electrode from the external pulse power supply, and stopping the liquid supply of the electrolyte in the first flow channel; and stopping feeding the cathode for electrolytic broaching until the guide section is cut out from the front end of the workpiece, taking down the tenon, and finishing the processing of the single tenon groove structure.
9. The method for the electrolytic broaching of the mortise of the aero-engine turbine disc according to claim 8, further comprising the step (8): and (3) returning the cathode for electrolytic broaching machining to the initial position, indexing and rotating the workpiece, and repeating the steps (1) to (7) to finish machining of the next mortise structure.
10. The method for the electrolytic broaching of the mortise of the aero-engine turbine disc according to claim 9, further comprising the step (9): and (5) repeating the step (8) until the electrolytic machining of all the mortise structures on the turbine disc is completed.
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