CN108920876A - A kind of optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry - Google Patents

A kind of optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry Download PDF

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CN108920876A
CN108920876A CN201810865300.4A CN201810865300A CN108920876A CN 108920876 A CN108920876 A CN 108920876A CN 201810865300 A CN201810865300 A CN 201810865300A CN 108920876 A CN108920876 A CN 108920876A
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broaching tool
lathe
constraint
geometry
broaching
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CN108920876B (en
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唐进元
陈雪林
丁撼
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Central South University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D43/00—Broaching tools
    • B23D43/02—Broaching tools for cutting by rectilinear movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of optimization methods of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry, include the following steps：Step 1: establishing the dimension relationship mathematical model of broaching tool geometry；Step 2: the constraint condition of setting broaching tool, lathe, constraint condition includes cutting stress constraint；Step 3: establishing the relevance between cutting stress constraint and broaching tool geometric dimension；Step 4: establishing the vibration TRANSFER MODEL that do not install each portion of broaching tool lathe and install each portion of lathe after broaching tool, and determine corresponding mode function；Step 5: determining broaching tool dynamic characteristic parameter by mode function；Step 6: establishing using dynamic characteristic parameter as independent variable, response is the function of dependent variable at broaching tool, obtains the relevance between dynamic characteristic parameter and broaching tool geometric dimension；Step 7: using density variable method, structure optimization is carried out according to dynamic characteristic parameter, on this basis, establishes that broach length is most short, the highest model of removal rate, and other broaching tool geometric structure diametes after being optimized according to the model.

Description

A kind of optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry
Technical field
The invention belongs to structure optimization fields, and in particular to the optimization of broaching tool geometry in a kind of broaching of turbine disc mortise Method.
Background technique
Wire pulling method is as one of most important processing technology in machining, compared with turning, milling, in processing Portion and more advantageous, the high production efficiency of wire pulling method in external some complex outlines, machining accuracy is high, surface roughness Lower, the range of work is wide, and the long service life of broaching tool, be aero-engine turbine disc mortise processing key technology it One, but the material of aero-engine is difficult to, tooth form is complicated, and tongue-and-groove precision is especially high, this just proposes broaching tool higher Requirement.The existing research about Broach Design is concentrated mainly on according to including some geometric dimensions, and the experience of cutting force is public Formula carries out the design of broaching tool, does not account for the dynamic characteristic of lathe, it is difficult to which the processing for meeting turbine disc mortise high-efficiency high-accuracy is wanted It asks.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the optimization methods of broaching tool geometry in a kind of broaching of turbine disc mortise, to meet The processing request of turbine disc mortise high-efficiency high-accuracy in broaching.
The optimization method of this turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry provided by the invention, includes the following steps：
Step 1: establishing the dimension relationship mathematical model of broaching tool geometry；
Step 2: the constraint condition of setting broaching tool, lathe, constraint condition includes cutting stress constraint；
Step 3: establishing the relevance between cutting stress constraint and broaching tool geometric dimension；
Step 4: establishing the vibration TRANSFER MODEL for not installing each portion of broaching tool lathe, and identifies or have by modal test It limits Meta Model analysis and obtains vibration transfer function, determine the mode function for not installing broaching tool lathe；Establish lathe after installing broaching tool The vibration TRANSFER MODEL in each portion, and vibration transfer function is obtained by modal test identification or modeling Analysis, it determines The mode function of broaching tool lathe is installed；
The parameter to change when Step 5: determining that broaching tool geometry changes by mode function in step 4, the parameter For dynamic characteristic parameter；
Step 6: establishing using dynamic characteristic parameter as independent variable, response is the function of dependent variable at broaching tool, and according to the letter Number determines the range of dynamic characteristic parameter, the relevance of dynamic characteristic parameter and cutting stress attaching means is obtained, to be moved Relevance between step response parameter and broaching tool geometric dimension；
Step 7: structure optimization is carried out according to dynamic characteristic parameter, obtains the geometry of broaching tool using density variable method, On the basis of obtained broaching tool geometry, establish that broach length is most short, the highest mathematics of metal removal rate in restriction range Optimized model, and other broaching tool geometric structure diametes after being optimized according to the model.Further, number described in step 1 Learning model is：
5deg≤α≤20deg→3.1×10-4≤0.04×tan2α≤5.3×10-3；
1deg≤β≤4deg→2.7×10-5≤0.09×tan2β≤4.4×10-4；
fb=0.3P, hb=0.4P；
B=P [0.4-0.3 × tan β]-rpt；
A=P (0.5+0.2 tan α)；
Wherein α is cutter tooth anterior angle in broaching tool, and β is cutter tooth relief angle in broaching tool,To consider radius r to be worth doing to hold1From horizontal line to knife The inswept angle of root portion and cutter tooth body portion (middle section) junction holds bits radius r1Appearance consider to be worth doing angle, P is between cog Away from fbFor bite tine length, hbFor the height for cutting cutter tooth, r1, r2The respectively radius of chip space, A, B points is after cutters tooth Knife face and radius are r2Circular arc intersection point to radius be r1Circular arc and radius be r2Circular arc intersection point between axial distance, it is radial away from From rpt is rise per tooth, t1For between cog thickness, t2For tooth body thickness, t3For thickness at root of tooth.
Constraint condition described in step 2 includes
Cutter length constraint：Ltool≤Lram,
Accommodate chip volume constraint：
Space width constraint：
Machine power constraint：Pc=Ppd+PfR+PfF≤PM max,
Cutting stress constraint：σ(x)≤σvon-Mises broaching tool,
Cut force constraint：
The amplitude of broaching tool is constrained to：
Wherein PcFor the power of stock-removing machine, PpdFor the power consumed for flexible deformation, PfRFor cutter and chip contact The power of consumption, PfFThe power of consumption, M, C, K, L, F are contacted with workpiece for cuttercThe respectively gross mass of system of processing, resistance Buddhist nun, rigidity, target freedom matrix, cutting force, FfIt is cutting force in the component along rise per tooth direction, FtFor total cutting force, lwpThe length of broaching tool, ω4For the intrinsic frequency of broaching tool.
Relevance in the step 3 is：
Whereinks=3-4vs, lcFor contact of the cutter tooth rake face with chip in cutting process Length；vsFor the Poisson's ratio of cutter material；FeqFor the equivalent cutting force in cutting process, FNFor cutter rake face and chip contact Face normal force.
Each portion of broaching tool lathe is not installed, fixture-column-lathe bed vibration transfer function formula is in step 4：
The mode function for not installing broaching tool lathe is：
WhereinFor the transfer matrix of beam,
C is Equivalent damping coefficient,
A, B, G, expression x, the angle variables in tri- directions y, z, X, Y, Z indicate x, y, the direction z location variable, Fx, Fy, Fz Indicate x, the power variable in tri- directions y, z, Tx, Ty, TzIndicate x, the torque variable in tri- directions y, z, subscript 1,2,3 distinguishes table Show fixture, column and lathe bed.
Each portion of broaching tool lathe is installed, fixture-column-lathe bed-broaching tool vibration transfer function formula is in step 4：
Installing broaching tool Machine Tool Modal function is：
Wherein subscript 4 indicates broaching tool.
With the quality of broaching tool in step 6, rigidity and intrinsic frequency are independent variable, and response is the function of dependent variable at broaching tool, Function is：
By function Q4Respectively to M4, K4, ω4Derivation obtains the dynamic characteristic range of broaching tool, i.e.,：
M′4≤M4≤M″4,
K′4≤K4≤K″4,
Structure optimization, range optimization target are carried out using density variable method：Dynamic property optimum broaching tool geometry according to broaching tool Structure；
It is constrained according to amplitude：
Know：
That is O < ρmin≤ρe≤1；
Wherein M, C, K, L, F are respectively the gross mass of system of processing, damping, rigidity, target freedom matrix, cutting force, ρminIt is that 0 density causes the global stiffness Singular Value of broaching tool and the lower limit that sets in order to prevent, is taken as 0.001, V generally to draw The volume of knife, VeFor the volume of broaching tool unit.
Specific step is as follows for the step 7 structure optimization：
The first step,
1) the tooth finite element model of broaching tool is established；
2) start finite element displacement field to solve；
3) sensitivity analysis；
4) design variable is updated using OC method；
5) chessboard sensitivity is filtered；
6) judge whether to meet constraint condition, if being unsatisfactory for constraint condition, carry out constraint update, 4) back to the Step, if meeting constraint condition, into next step；
7) judge whether it meets convergence criterion, if being unsatisfactory for convergence criterion, return to the 2) step, if it is satisfied, then Export result；
Second step, the quality with broaching tool, rigidity, the range of intrinsic frequency are optimization aim, are carried out using density variable method excellent Change, obtains the geometry of broaching tool；
Third step, in second step on the basis of broaching tool geometry, metal removal efficiency highest most short with broach length Mathematic optimal model is established,
Min L=(N-1) P,
The anterior angle α of broaching tool, rear angle beta, space width P, rise per tooth f after being optimized.
The present invention establishes broaching tool and installs the mode relationship between the lathe of broaching tool and the machine tool of installation broaching tool, realizes After the dynamic characteristic of machine tool is certain, in the lathe wire pulling method velocity interval of permission, match with machine tool The optimal dynamic characteristic of broaching tool；The foundation for realizing the relevance of the dynamic characteristic of broaching tool and the structure of broaching tool, in broaching tool On the basis of dynamic characteristic, the geometry that broaching tool is advanced optimized under the actual conditions and relevant constraint condition of wire pulling method is considered Structure；Broaching tool after optimization enables to the processing speed allowed in equipment other than meeting requirement on geometry It spends in range, the vibration of generation is minimum, reduces the abrasion of cutter, improves the surface quality of workpiece, the use of machine tool Service life improves production efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is each parameter schematic diagram of broaching tool.
Fig. 2 is broaching tool partial side schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is each design parameter schematic diagram in broaching tool side.
Fig. 4-1-4-4 is each portion's thickness change schematic diagram of cutter tooth.
Fig. 5 is broaching tool finite element model.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field Art personnel every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects It encloses, present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the optimization method of broaching tool geometry in a kind of broaching of turbine disc mortise,
The first step establishes the dimension relationship mathematical model of following broaching tool geometry；
fb=0.3P, hb=0.4P (1)
B=o " c=hb-fbTan β-rpt=0.4P-0.3P × tan β-rpt
=P [0.4-0.3 × ran β]-rpt (2)
A=P-fb-(r2-x) (3)
X "=x+x '=[r2×tanα(1-sinα)]+[r2(1-cos α)]=r2[tanα+1-secα]
5deg≤α≤20deg → sec α ≈ 1 → x "=r2×ranα (4)
A=P-fb-(r2- x ")=P-0.3P- (r2-r2×tanα)
=P (0.5+0.2 tan α) (5)
5deg≤α≤20deg→3.1×10-4≤0.04×tan2α≤5.3×10-3
1deg≤α≤4deg→2.7×10-5≤0.09×tan2β≤4.4×10-4 (8)
Wherein α is cutter tooth anterior angle in broaching tool, and β is cutter tooth relief angle in broaching tool,To consider radius r to be worth doing to hold1From horizontal line to knife The inswept angle of root portion and cutter tooth body portion (middle section) junction holds bits radius r1Appearance consider to be worth doing angle, P is between cog Away from fbFor bite tine length, hbFor the height for cutting cutter tooth, r1, r2The respectively radius of chip space, A, B points is after cutters tooth Knife face and radius are r2Circular arc intersection point to radius be r1Circular arc and radius be r2Circular arc intersection point between axial distance, it is radial away from From rpt is rise per tooth, t1For between cog thickness, t2For tooth body thickness, t3For thickness at root of tooth, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4-1-4-4 It is shown.
Second step determines that the constraint condition of broaching tool, lathe, constraint condition include：
Cutter length constraint：Ltool≤Lram (12)
Accommodate chip volume constraint：
Space width constraint：
Machine power constraint：Pc≤PM max (16)
Pc=Ppd+PfR+PfF (18)
Cutting stress constraint：σ(x)≤σvon-Mises broaching tool (19)
Cut force constraint：
The amplitude of broaching tool is constrained to：
Wherein PcFor the power of stock-removing machine, PpdFor the power consumed for flexible deformation, PfRFor cutter and chip contact The power of consumption, PfFThe power of consumption, M, C, K, L, F are contacted with workpiece for cuttercThe respectively gross mass of system of processing, resistance Buddhist nun, rigidity, target freedom matrix, cutting force, FfIt is cutting force in the component along rise per tooth direction, FtFor total cutting force, lwpThe length of broaching tool, ω4For the intrinsic frequency of broaching tool.
Third step, establishes the relevance between cutting stress constraint and broaching tool geometric dimension, and specific derivation process is as follows：
X '=xcos α (27)
4th step,
1, the relevance between the lathe for not installing broaching tool, broaching tool and the dynamic characteristic for installing broaching tool lathe is established：
1.1) in space stiffener vibration TRANSFER MODEL,
The stiffener vibrated in space, element one end is transmitted to other end of vibration in space, according to center of mass motion Theorem and the moment of momentum theorem relative to mass center, it is contemplated that low-angle vibration, it is a small amount of to ignore high-order, and it is defeated can to obtain element one end Enter, the Spatial Rigid mathematical model of one end output：
I.e.：
Wherein i=1,2,3, j=i+1, P are corresponding point (in, out, centriod) coordinate；
1.2) in space flexible member vibration TRANSFER MODEL
If element is flexible body in space, the vibration transmitting between two o'clock uses the transmitting of Timoshenko beam theory Matrix：
WhereinFor the transfer matrix of beam；
1.3) the vibration TRANSFER MODEL of faying face
Transfer matrix between faying face can be according to the equilibrium equation and formula of power；
F=(iC+K) x (37)
The mathematical model for obtaining faying face is as follows：
2, the mode function that do not install broaching tool lathe and install broaching tool lathe is obtained by modal test；
2.1) fixture (workpiece)-column-lathe bed transmission function relationship is established；
In mode experiment, fixture is set as impacting point, the lathe bed position with tool contact is pick-up point, that is, is formed as follows Transmission function relationship：
By column, lathe bed, fixture is set as flexible piece：It is in the vibratory response of fixture impacting pointWith tool contact The response of lathe bed position pick-up point be
It can be obtained by above 5 formula：
It can be obtained by modal test；Fixture, column, the equivalent stiffness of lathe bed in each direction and Equivalent damping coefficient point It is not：
k1=(k1x, k1y, k1z, k1α, k1β, k1γ)T
k2=(k2x, k2y, k2z, k2α, k2β, k2γ)T
k3=(k3x, k3y, k3z, k3α, k3β, k3γ)T
C1=(c1x, c1y, c1z, c1α, c1β, c1γ)T
c2=(c2x, c2y, c2z, c2α, c2β, c2γ)T
C3=(c3x, c3y, c3z, c3α, c3β, c3γ)T
Wherein x, y, z indicate x, y, the direction z, α, beta, gamma indicate torsional direction, k, c respectively indicate equivalent stiffness and damping. Subscript 1 indicates fixture, and subscript 2 indicates column, and subscript 3 indicates lathe bed：
A, B, G expression x, the angle variables in tri- directions y, z, X, Y, Z indicate x, y, the direction z location variable, Fx, Fy, FzTable Show the power variable in three directions, Tx, Ty, TzIndicate the torque variable in three directions；
Thus it just obtains from the vibratory response in fixture impacting point and isTo the lathe bed position pick-up with tool contact Point response beBetween vibration transfer function；
2.2) fixture (workpiece)-column-lathe bed-broaching tool transmission function relationship is established；
Fixture is set as impacting point, broaching tool is pick-up point, that is, forms following transmission function relationship：
According to rigidity, quality and damping matrix have under modal coordinate：
In fixture impacting point：
In the lathe bed pick-up point with tool contact：
Formula (42) is not install the mode function of broaching tool lathe；
In broaching tool pick-up point：
Formula (43) is to install the mode function of broaching tool lathe.
In the above derivation formula, the only faying face transmission function of broaching tool and workpieceAnd broaching tool is in conjunction with lathe Locate to the transmission function between broaching tool pick-up pointTo be unknown, when changing the geometry of broaching tool, the mass matrix of broaching tool, just Matrix is spent, intrinsic frequency can change.
5th step establishes the quality with broaching tool here, and rigidity and intrinsic frequency are independent variable, and response is because becoming at broaching tool The function of amount：
Then by function Q4Respectively to M4, K4, ω4Derivation obtains function Q4M when minimalization4, K4Section, drawn The dynamic characteristic range of knife, i.e.,：
M′4≤M4≤M″4
K′4≤K4≤K″4
The rigidity of broaching tool, quality are obtained according to previous step, intrinsic frequency carries out structure optimization, section using density variable method Optimization aim：Dynamic property optimum broaching tool geometry according to broaching tool.
M′4≤M4≤M″4
K′4≤K4≤K″4
Constraint condition：
O < ρmin≤ρe≤1
Wherein M, C, K, L, F are respectively the gross mass of system of processing, damping, rigidity, target freedom matrix, cutting force, ρminIt is that 0 density causes the global stiffness Singular Value of broaching tool and the lower limit that sets in order to prevent, is taken as 0.001, V generally to draw The volume of knife, VeFor the volume of broaching tool unit.
6th step, carries out structure optimization, and detailed process is：
The first,
1) the tooth finite element model of broaching tool as shown in Figure 5 is established；
2) start finite element displacement field to solve；
3) sensitivity analysis；
4) design variable is updated using OC method；
5) chessboard sensitivity is filtered；
6) judge whether to meet constraint condition, if being unsatisfactory for constraint condition, carry out constraint update, 4) back to the Step, if meeting constraint condition, into next step；
7) judge whether it meets convergence criterion, if being unsatisfactory for convergence criterion, return to the 2) step, if it is satisfied, then Export result；
The second, with the quality of broaching tool, the range of rigidity, intrinsic frequency is optimization aim, is optimized using density variable method, Obtain the geometry of broaching tool；
Third, in second step on the basis of broaching tool geometry, most short with broach length, metal removal efficiency highest is built Vertical mathematic optimal model,
Min L=(N-1) P,
The anterior angle α of broaching tool, rear angle beta, space width P, rise per tooth f after being optimized.
Inventor in actual optimization,
The anterior angle α restriction range of rule of thumb formula, cutter is：5deg≤α≤20deg；
The restriction range of the rear angle beta of cutter：1deg≤β≤4deg；
The restriction range of the space width P of broaching tool cutter tooth：3mm≤P≤17mm
The restriction range of tool rise of broaches rpt：0.01mm≤rpt≤0.4mm
The maximum power P of broaching machinecRestriction range be：Pc≤500W
The dynamic characteristic parameter of fixture, column, the engaging portion of lathe bed is
k1=k2=k3=(k1x, k1y, k1z, k1α, k1β, k1γ)T=(0.25,0.25,2.1,0,0,0)T,
Rigidity unit is：GN·m-1,
c1=C2=C3=(c1x, c1y, c1z,c1α, c1β, c1γ)T=(125,125,250, c1α, c1β, c1γ)T
Damping unit is：N·S·m-1
The parameter of engaging portion is：
kx=0, cx=0
ky=253MNm-1, cy=641.5Nsm-1
kz=2.14GNm-1, cz=1043.7Nsm-1
kα=693KNmrad-1, cα=0.1448Nmsrad-1
kβ=1.73MNmrad-1, cβ=2.011Nmsrad-1
kγ=727KNmrad-1, cγ=0.9602Nmsrad-1
Fixture-column-lathe bed finite element model is established, vibration transfer function of the acquisition from fixture to lathe bed is (herein The frequency response function from fixture impacting point to lathe bed pick-up point can be directly obtained by modal test), then with transmittance process formula, Transmission function formula is vibration transfer function,
And to establish the quality with broaching tool here, rigidity and intrinsic frequency are independent variable, and response is dependent variable at broaching tool Function, obtain the quality of broaching tool, rigidity, intrinsic frequency
M′4≤M4≤M″4
K′4≤K4≤K″4
The rigidity of broaching tool, quality are obtained according to previous step, intrinsic frequency carries out structure optimization, section using density variable method Optimization aim：Dynamic property optimum broaching tool geometry according to broaching tool.
M′4≤M4≤M″4
K′4≤K4≤K″4
Constraint condition：
0 < ρmin≤ρe≤1
Wherein M, C, K, L, FcThe respectively gross mass of system of processing, damping, rigidity, target freedom matrix, cutting force, ρminIt is that 0 density causes the global stiffness Singular Value of broaching tool and the lower limit that sets in order to prevent, is taken as 0.001, V generally to draw The volume of knife, VeFor the volume of broaching tool unit.
Referring to Optimization Steps, after finally output optimization,
The anterior angle α of cutter is 19deg
The rear angle beta of cutter is 3.5deg
The space width P of broaching tool cutter tooth is 15mm
Tool rise of broaches rpt is 0.15mm.
For existing optimization method, of the invention is had the following advantages that：
(1) in turbine disc mortise of the present invention broaching broaching tool geometry optimization method, establish broaching tool and installation Mode relationship between the lathe of broaching tool and the machine tool of installation broaching tool, realizes after the dynamic characteristic of machine tool is certain, In the lathe wire pulling method velocity interval of permission, the optimal dynamic characteristic of broaching tool that matches with machine tool.
(2) in turbine disc mortise of the present invention broaching broaching tool geometry optimization method, realize the dynamic of broaching tool The foundation of the relevance of characteristic and the structure of broaching tool considers the practical feelings of wire pulling method on the basis of the dynamic characteristic of broaching tool The geometry of broaching tool is advanced optimized under condition and relevant constraint condition.
(3) in turbine disc mortise of the present invention broaching broaching tool geometry optimization method, broaching tool after optimization in addition to Meet except requirement on geometry, enables within the scope of the process velocity that equipment allows, the vibration of generation is most It is small, the abrasion of cutter is reduced, improves the surface quality of workpiece, the service life of machine tool, and improve production efficiency.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1: establishing the dimension relationship mathematical model of broaching tool geometry；
Step 2: the constraint condition of setting broaching tool, lathe, constraint condition includes cutting stress constraint；
Step 3: establishing the relevance between cutting stress constraint and broaching tool geometric dimension；
Step 4: establishing the vibration TRANSFER MODEL for not installing each portion of broaching tool lathe, and pass through modal test identification or finite element Modeling analysis obtains vibration transfer function, determines the mode function for not installing broaching tool lathe；Establish each portion of lathe after installing broaching tool Vibration TRANSFER MODEL, and pass through modal test identification or modeling Analysis obtain vibration transfer function, determine installation The mode function of broaching tool lathe；
The parameter to change when Step 5: determining that broaching tool geometry changes by mode function in step 4, the parameter are Step response parameter；
Step 6: establishing using dynamic characteristic parameter as independent variable, response is the function of dependent variable at broaching tool, and true according to the function Determine the range of dynamic characteristic parameter, obtain the relevance of dynamic characteristic parameter and cutting stress attaching means, so that it is special to obtain dynamic Relevance between property parameter and broaching tool geometric dimension；
Step 7: carrying out structure optimization using density variable method according to dynamic characteristic parameter, the geometry of broaching tool being obtained, in institute On the basis of obtaining broaching tool geometry, establish that broach length is most short, the highest mathematical optimization of metal removal rate in restriction range Model, and other broaching tool geometric structure diametes after being optimized according to the model.
2. the optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1 The mathematical model is：
5deg≤α≤20deg→3.1×10-4≤0.04×tan2α≤5.3×10-3；
1deg≤β≤4deg→2.7×10-5≤0.09×tan2β≤4.4×10-4；
fb=0.3P, hb=0.4P；
B=P [0.4-0.3 × tan β]-rpt；
A=P (0.5+0.2tan α)；
Wherein α is cutter tooth anterior angle in broaching tool, and β is cutter tooth relief angle in broaching tool,To consider radius r to be worth doing to hold1From horizontal line to cutter tooth root With the inswept angle of cutter tooth body portion (middle section) junction, that is, hold bits radius r1Appearance consider to be worth doing angle, P is space width, fbTo cut Sharpener tine length, hbFor the height for cutting cutter tooth, r1, r2The respectively radius of chip space, A, B points are cutter tooth flank and half Diameter is r2Circular arc intersection point to radius be r1Circular arc and radius be r2Circular arc intersection point between axial distance, radial distance, rpt is Rise per tooth, t1For between cog thickness, t2For tooth body thickness, t3For thickness at root of tooth.
3. the optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step 2 The constraint condition includes
Cutter length constraint：Ltool≤Lram,
Accommodate chip volume constraint：
Space width constraint：
Machine power constraint：Pc=Ppd+PfR+PfF≤PM max,
Cutting stress constraint：σ(x)≤σvon-Mises broaching tool,
Cut force constraint：
The amplitude of broaching tool is constrained to：
Wherein PcFor the power of stock-removing machine, PpdFor the power consumed for flexible deformation, PfRIt is consumed for cutter and chip contact Power, PfFThe power of consumption, M, C, K, L, F are contacted with workpiece for cuttercThe respectively gross mass of system of processing, damping, just Degree, target freedom matrix, cutting force, FfIt is cutting force in the component along rise per tooth direction, FtFor total cutting force, lwpIt draws The length of knife, ω4For the intrinsic frequency of broaching tool.
4. the optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step Relevance in three is：
Whereinks=3-4vs, lcFor the contact length of cutter tooth rake face and chip in cutting process； vsFor the Poisson's ratio of cutter material；FeqFor the equivalent cutting force in cutting process, FNFor the face of cutter rake face and chip contact Normal force.
5. the optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step 4 Each portion of broaching tool lathe is not installed, fixture-column-lathe bed vibration transfer function formula is：
The mode function for not installing broaching tool lathe is：
WhereinFor the transfer matrix of beam,
K is equivalent stiffness,
C is Equivalent damping coefficient,
A, B, G expression x, the angle variables in tri- directions y, z, X, Y, Z indicate x, y, the direction z location variable, Fx, Fy, FzIndicate x, The power variable in tri- directions y, z, Tx, Ty, TzIndicating x, the torque variable in tri- directions y, z, subscript 1,2,3 respectively indicates fixture, Column and lathe bed.
6. the optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step 4 Each portion of broaching tool lathe is installed, fixture-column-lathe bed-broaching tool vibration transfer function formula is：
Installing broaching tool Machine Tool Modal function is：
Wherein subscript 4 indicates broaching tool.
7. the optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step 6 With the quality of broaching tool, rigidity and intrinsic frequency are independent variable, and response is the function of dependent variable at broaching tool, and function is：
By function Q4Respectively to M4, K4, ω4Derivation obtains the dynamic characteristic range of broaching tool, i.e.,：
M′4≤M4≤M″4,
K′4≤K4≤K″4,
Structure optimization, range optimization target are carried out using density variable method：Dynamic property optimum broaching tool geometry according to broaching tool；
It is constrained according to amplitude：
Know：
That is 0 < ρmin≤ρe≤1；
Wherein M, C, K, L, F are respectively the gross mass of system of processing, damping, rigidity, target freedom matrix, cutting force, ρminIt is 0 density causes the global stiffness Singular Value of broaching tool and the lower limit that sets in order to prevent, is generally taken as the body that 0.001, V is broaching tool Product, VeFor the volume of broaching tool unit.
8. the optimization method of turbine disc mortise broaching tool geometry according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The step Specific step is as follows for seven structure optimizations：
The first step,
1) the tooth finite element model of broaching tool is established；
2) start finite element displacement field to solve；
3) sensitivity analysis；
4) design variable is updated using OC method；
5) chessboard sensitivity is filtered；
6) judge whether to meet constraint condition, if being unsatisfactory for constraint condition, carry out constraint update, back to the 4) step, such as Fruit meets constraint condition, into next step；
7) judge whether it meets convergence criterion, if being unsatisfactory for convergence criterion, the 2) step is returned to, if it is satisfied, then output As a result；
The range of second step, the quality with broaching tool, rigidity, intrinsic frequency is optimization aim, is optimized, is obtained using density variable method Obtain the geometry of broaching tool；
Third step, in second step on the basis of broaching tool geometry, most short with broach length, metal removal efficiency highest is established Mathematic optimal model,
MinL=(N-1) P,
The anterior angle α of broaching tool, rear angle beta, space width P, rise per tooth f after being optimized.
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CN110716494A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-21 中国航发动力股份有限公司 Tool parameter identification method and cycloid machining parameter optimization method based on tool parameters
CN111753254A (en) * 2020-07-01 2020-10-09 上海交通大学 Method for realizing parameters of finish broach teeth
CN113255076A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-13 西安理工大学 Method for identifying cutter-tool contact area during vertical processing of ball-end milling cutter
CN114406374A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-29 南京航空航天大学 Aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and method

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CN102592017A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-18 北京工业大学 Two-sided locking knife handle/main shaft coupling performance simulating and optimizing method

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Cited By (5)

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CN110716494A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-21 中国航发动力股份有限公司 Tool parameter identification method and cycloid machining parameter optimization method based on tool parameters
CN111753254A (en) * 2020-07-01 2020-10-09 上海交通大学 Method for realizing parameters of finish broach teeth
CN113255076A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-13 西安理工大学 Method for identifying cutter-tool contact area during vertical processing of ball-end milling cutter
CN114406374A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-29 南京航空航天大学 Aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and method
CN114406374B (en) * 2021-12-29 2023-02-28 南京航空航天大学 Aero-engine turbine disc mortise electrolytic broaching machining device and method

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