CN110744055A - Laser scanning path planning method and 3D printing method for thin-wall part - Google Patents
Laser scanning path planning method and 3D printing method for thin-wall part Download PDFInfo
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- CN110744055A CN110744055A CN201910940165.XA CN201910940165A CN110744055A CN 110744055 A CN110744055 A CN 110744055A CN 201910940165 A CN201910940165 A CN 201910940165A CN 110744055 A CN110744055 A CN 110744055A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly discloses a laser scanning path planning method for a thin-wall part, which comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of a thin-wall part to be formed, and dividing the three-dimensional model into a plurality of slicing layers; planning a scanning path for each slice layer, wherein the scanning path comprises a plurality of scanning paths, and the scanning path comprises a midline and/or a conformal line; the central line is coincided with the central line of the slicing layer, and the shape following line is parallel to the contour line of the slicing layer. The invention also discloses a 3D printing method using the laser scanning path planning method. The technical scheme of the invention can reduce the thickness of the thin-wall part blank and improve the forming quality of the part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a laser scanning path planning method and a 3D printing method for a thin-wall part.
Background
The thin-wall parts are increasingly widely applied to various industrial departments due to the characteristics of light weight, material saving, compact structure and the like, but the processing of the thin-wall parts is a relatively difficult problem in turning because the thin-wall parts have poor rigidity and weak strength and are easy to deform in processing, so that the form and position errors of the parts are increased, and the processing quality of the parts is not easy to ensure. Therefore, 3D printing is continuously promoted for manufacturing thin-wall parts. When a thin-wall part, especially a large-sized thin-wall part is subjected to 3D printing to manufacture a part blank, the problem that the blank is too thick and the allowance is not uniform is easily caused because the thickness of the part is small.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of excessive thickness of a blank and uneven allowance in the process of manufacturing a thin-wall part through 3D printing in the prior art, a laser scanning path planning method and a 3D printing method of the thin-wall part are provided.
The invention provides a laser scanning path planning method for a thin-wall part, which comprises the following steps:
establishing a three-dimensional model of a thin-wall part to be formed, and dividing the three-dimensional model into a plurality of slicing layers;
planning a scanning path for each slice layer, wherein the scanning path comprises a plurality of scanning paths, and the scanning path comprises a midline and/or a conformal line; the central line is coincided with the central line of the slicing layer, and the shape following line is parallel to the contour line of the slicing layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the central line and the shape following line belong to a single-channel scanning line, compared with the multi-melting-channel lap joint of reciprocating scanning, the material is saved, the blank thickness is reduced, and the laser scanning 3D printing method is more suitable for laser scanning 3D printing of thin-wall parts. On the other hand, single-channel scanning of the middle line and the conformal line can also prevent the problems of uneven stress and easy deformation of parts during multi-channel splicing. When the scanning path is only the central line, the scanning speed can be controlled according to the shape of the part, so that the wall thicknesses of different positions are controlled, and the original characteristics of the part are kept after the blank is formed. When the scanning path comprises a central line and a shape following line or is only the shape following line, the shape following line is used for controlling the wall thickness of each part and the shape of the part, so that the original characteristics of the part can be maintained to the maximum extent.
Further, the scanning paths have three paths, including a middle line and a first conformal line and a second conformal line which are positioned at two sides of the middle line,
the first shape following line is parallel to a first contour line on the slice layer, far away from the central line and close to the first shape following line;
the second shape following line is parallel to a second contour line on the slicing layer, far away from the central line and close to the second shape following line.
By adopting the technical scheme, the combination of the central line and the two conformal lines ensures that the central line plays a role in filling the middle part, the conformal lines on the two sides scan along the appearance of the part, and the original characteristics of the part can be scanned along the contour line to the maximum extent and can be kept. On the other hand, scanning along the contour line parallel to the contour line can effectively control the uniform distribution of the allowance of each part, meet the requirement of machining allowance, reduce the thickness of the blank to the maximum extent and realize near-net forming.
Further, the scanning path has two paths including a first conformal line and a second conformal line,
the first shape following line is parallel to a first contour line on the slicing layer, far away from the central line of the slicing layer and close to the first shape following line;
the second shape following line is parallel to a second contour line on the slicing layer, far away from the central line of the slicing layer and close to the second shape following line.
By adopting the technical scheme, for a thin-wall part with small partial wall thickness, two conformal lines can be selected and planned to complete laser scanning filling, and the two conformal lines are respectively parallel to contour lines on the outer side of the part, so that the appearance of the part is easier to control, the thicknesses of different positions of the part are controlled by combining different scanning speeds, the same deposition thickness on the same layer is kept, the surface flatness of the part is improved, and the forming quality of the part is improved.
Further, the distance between the shape following line and the contour line of the slicing layer is 0.1 d-0.4 d, wherein d is the wall thickness of the thin-wall part of the slicing layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the distance between the shape following line and the contour line is 0.1 d-0.4 d, the requirement of machining the blank on allowance can be met while the wall thickness of the blank is reduced.
Further, a plurality of the scanning paths are connected.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the part is a non-closed loop part, the scanning paths are connected, so that the laser scanning melting channels at the end part of the part can be well spliced, and the end part is prevented from cracking or warping.
The invention also provides a 3D printing method of the thin-wall part, which comprises the following steps:
planning a scanning path by using the laser scanning path planning method of the thin-wall part;
and carrying out laser scanning deposition on each slice layer of the thin-wall part to be formed according to the planned scanning path in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and depositing layer by layer to complete the forming processing of the thin-wall part to be formed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the scanning path planned according to the method is subjected to 3D printing, the central line and the shape following line belong to a single-channel scanning line, and compared with multi-melting-channel lap joint of reciprocating scanning, the method saves raw materials, reduces the thickness of a blank, and is more suitable for laser scanning 3D printing of thin-wall parts. On the other hand, single-channel scanning of the middle line and the conformal line can also prevent the problems of uneven stress and easy deformation of parts during multi-channel splicing. When the scanning path is only the central line, the scanning speed can be controlled according to the shape of the part, so that the wall thicknesses of different positions are controlled, and the original characteristics of the part are kept after the blank is formed. When the scanning path comprises a central line and a shape following line or is only the shape following line, the shape following line is used for controlling the wall thickness of each part and the shape of the part, so that the original characteristics of the part can be maintained to the maximum extent.
Furthermore, the laser power is 5500-7500W, and the width of the molten pool is 6-8 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the width of the molten pool is smaller, the lapping of two or three melting channels of the thin-wall part is more convenient, the wall thickness of the part is convenient to control, and the thickness of a blank is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the central line and the conformal line of the invention belong to a single-channel scanning line, and compared with the multi-melting-channel lap joint of reciprocating scanning, the invention saves raw materials, reduces the thickness of a blank, and is more suitable for laser scanning 3D printing of thin-wall parts. On the other hand, single-channel scanning of the middle line and the conformal line can also prevent the problems of uneven stress and easy deformation of parts during multi-channel splicing. When the scanning path is only the central line, the scanning speed can be controlled according to the shape of the part, so that the wall thicknesses of different positions are controlled, and the original characteristics of the part are kept after the blank is formed. When the scanning path comprises a central line and a shape following line or is only the shape following line, the shape following line is used for controlling the wall thickness of each part and the shape of the part, so that the original characteristics of the part can be maintained to the maximum extent.
2. The middle line is combined with the two conformal lines, the middle line plays a role in filling the middle part, the conformal lines on the two sides scan along the appearance of the part, and the original characteristics of the part can be scanned along the contour line to the maximum extent and maintained. Scanning along the contour line parallel to the contour line can effectively control the uniform distribution of the allowance of each part, meet the requirement of machining allowance, reduce the thickness of the blank to the maximum extent and realize near-net forming. When the two conformal lines are combined, the two conformal lines are respectively parallel to the contour lines on the outer sides of the conformal lines, so that the appearance of the part is easier to control, the thicknesses of different positions of the part are controlled by combining different scanning speeds, the same deposition thickness of the same layer is kept, the surface flatness of the part is improved, and the forming quality of the part is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the scan path planning steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a part to be formed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a slice layer of a part to be formed according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a slice scanning path according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1-the midline, 2-the first conformal line, 3-the second conformal line, 4-the first contour line, and 5-the second contour line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for planning the laser scanning path of a thin-walled part according to the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional model of a thin-wall part to be formed, and dividing the three-dimensional model into a plurality of slice layers.
It needs to be further explained that a solid three-dimensional model is established by taking the direction of the part to be printed, which is vertical to the wall thickness direction, as the height direction; and carrying out plane layered slicing on the three-dimensional model of the part along the height direction. And planning a scanning path of each slice layer by using a scanning path planning method to traverse all slice layers.
The laser scanning path planning method is suitable for thin-wall parts, and is particularly suitable for large-scale streamline thin-wall parts. The laser scanning path planning method is applied to coaxial powder feeding laser deposition additive manufacturing.
S2, planning a scanning path of each slice layer, wherein the scanning path comprises a plurality of scanning paths, and the scanning path comprises a central line 1 and/or a conformal line; the central line 1 coincides with the central line of the slice layer, and the shape following line is parallel to the contour line of the slice layer.
It should be further noted that the scanning path may be a central line 1, may be a combination of the central line 1 and a conformal line, or may be only a conformal line, and the number of the conformal lines is not specifically limited in the present invention, and may be one, two or more, therefore, the generated scanning path is also not specifically limited, and in actual operation, the scanning path may be set according to the wall thickness and the shape of the thin-walled part.
If the part is a closed-loop part, the contour lines are an inner contour line and an outer contour line, and if the part is a non-closed-loop part, the contour lines mainly refer to contour lines with the characteristic shape of the part.
As a preferred embodiment of this step, said scanning path has three paths, comprising one said central line 1 and a first follower line 2 and a second follower line 3 located on either side of said central line 1,
the first conformal line 2 is parallel to a first contour line 4 on the slice layer, far away from the central line 1 and close to the first conformal line 2;
the second shape following line 3 is parallel to a second contour line 5 on the slice layer, far away from the central line 1 and close to the second shape following line 3.
It should be further noted that the first conformal lines 2 and the second conformal lines 3 are respectively located at two sides of the central line 1 and are parallel to the first contour lines 4 and the second contour lines 5 at the outer sides thereof, and the shapes of the first contour lines 4 and the second contour lines 5 may be the same or different. The first contour 4 and the second contour 5 may be of the same or different lengths.
As another preferred embodiment of this step, said scanning path has two, including a first follower line 2 and a second follower line 3,
the first shape following line 2 is parallel to a first contour line 4 which is on the slice layer, far away from the center line of the slice layer and close to the first shape following line 2;
the second shape following line 3 is parallel to a second contour line 5 on the slicing layer, far away from the central line of the slicing layer and close to the second shape following line 3.
It should be further noted that the shape and length of the first contour line 4 and the second contour line 5 may be the same or different.
As a preferred embodiment of the step, the distance between the shape following line and the contour line of the slicing layer is 0.1 d-0.4 d, wherein d is the wall thickness of the thin-wall part of the slicing layer.
It should be further noted that the distance between the first conformal line 2 and the first contour line 4, and the distance between the second conformal line 3 and the second contour line 5 may be the same or different, and the distance may be 0.1d, 0.4d, or 0.3d in time, or may be any value between 0.1d and 0.4 d.
Illustratively, d =2mm, the distance between the trace and the contour line may be 0.2mm, 0.8mm, 0.6mm, etc.
As a preferred embodiment of this step, a plurality of said scan paths are connected.
It should be further noted that when the scanning path is two or more, for example, the scanning path is two conformal lines, or the scanning path is two conformal lines and a central line 1, these scanning paths may be connected, or certainly may not be connected.
The invention also provides a 3D printing method of the thin-wall part, which comprises the following steps:
(1) planning a scanning path by using the laser scanning path planning method of the thin-wall part;
(2) and carrying out laser scanning deposition on each slice layer of the thin-wall part to be formed according to the planned scanning path by adopting a coaxial powder feeding mode, and depositing layer by layer to complete the forming processing of the thin-wall part to be formed.
It needs to be further explained that laser scanning printing is carried out layer by layer according to the scanning path planned by each layer of slice layer, a deposition layer with a certain thickness is formed after each layer of scanning is finished, and the deposition layer is stacked layer by layer, and finally the thin-wall part entity is obtained.
As a preferred embodiment of the step, the laser power is 5500-7500W, and the width of the molten pool is 6-8 mm.
It should be further noted that the laser power may be 5500W, 7500W, 6000W, etc., and the width of the molten pool may be 6mm, 8mm, 7mm, etc.
The following are specific examples provided for the invention
Example 1
A laser scanning path planning method for a thin-wall part comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional model of a thin-wall part to be formed, and dividing the three-dimensional model into a plurality of slice layers. The sliced layers are shown in figure 3.
S2, scanning path planning is carried out on each slice layer, the number of the scanning paths is three, the scanning paths comprise a central line 1 and a first shape following line 2 and a second shape following line 3 which are positioned on two sides of the central line 1, the central line 1 is superposed with the central line of the slice layer, and the first shape following line 2 is parallel to a first contour line 4 which is on the slice layer, far away from the central line 1 and close to the first shape following line 2; the second conformal lines 3 are parallel to second contour lines 5 on the slice layer, far away from the central line 1 and close to the second conformal lines 3, and the scanning path is as shown in fig. 4. The wall thickness d =8mm of the thin-wall part, the distance between the first conformal line 2 and the first contour line 4 is 0.8mm, and the distance between the second conformal line 3 and the second contour line 5 is 0.8 mm.
In this embodiment, the laser scanning path planning method for the thin-walled part is adopted to plan a scanning path; and then carrying out laser scanning deposition on each slice layer of the thin-wall part to be formed according to the planned scanning path in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and depositing layer by layer to complete the forming processing of the thin-wall part to be formed.
The part to be molded is an annular component made of TC4 metal (shown in figure 2), the raw material powder is TC4 metal powder, TSC-S4510 equipment is selected as laser scanning equipment, a pure titanium substrate is selected as the substrate, and the whole process of laser scanning is operated under argon protection.
The specific process parameters of laser scanning are as follows: the width of a molten pool is 6mm, the laser power is 5500W, the scanning speed is 0.8-1.2 m/min, the layer is lifted by 0.4-1.0 mm, and the energy density is 120J/mm3The powder feeding rate is 1.2 kg/h-2.2 kg/h.
It should be noted that, by using the laser scanning path planning method for thin-walled parts in this embodiment, components of other shapes and other materials may also be prepared, and the equipment, raw materials, substrates, process parameters, and the like for performing 3D printing may be set according to a specific workpiece to be processed.
The metal component of the embodiment is observed, the surface is flat, no crack is generated, and the thickness of the 3D printed blank is 12.4 mm.
Example 2
The method for planning the laser scanning path of the thin-walled part in the present embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and is different only in that:
the scanning paths are two, and comprise a first shape following line 2 and a second shape following line 3, wherein the first shape following line 2 is parallel to a first contour line 4 which is on the slice layer, far away from the central line of the slice layer and close to the first shape following line 2; the second shape following line 3 is parallel to a second contour line 5 on the slicing layer, far away from the central line of the slicing layer and close to the second shape following line 3. The first conformal lines 2 and the second conformal lines 3 are connected.
The distance between the first shape-following line 2 and the first contour line 4 is 3.2mm, and the distance between the second shape-following line 3 and the second contour line 5 is 3.2 mm. The width of the molten pool is 8mm, and the laser power is 7500W.
The metal component of the embodiment is observed, the surface is flat, no crack is generated, and the thickness of the 3D printed blank is 9.6 mm.
Example 3
The method for planning the laser scanning path of the thin-walled part in the present embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and is different only in that:
the distance between the first shape-following line 2 and the first contour line 4 is 2mm, and the distance between the second shape-following line 3 and the second contour line 5 is 2 mm. The width of the molten pool is 7mm, and the laser power is 6500W.
The metal component of the embodiment is observed, the surface is flat, no crack is generated, and the thickness of the 3D printed blank is 11 mm.
Example 4
The method for planning the laser scanning path of the thin-walled part in the present embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and is different only in that:
the distance between the first shape-following line 2 and the first contour line 4 is 1.5mm, and the distance between the second shape-following line 3 and the second contour line 5 is 2.6 mm. The width of the molten pool is 6.6mm, and the laser power is 6000W.
The metal component of the embodiment is observed, the surface is flat, no crack is generated, and the thickness of the 3D printed blank is 10.5 mm.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention are all described in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A laser scanning path planning method for a thin-wall part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a three-dimensional model of a thin-wall part to be formed, and dividing the three-dimensional model into a plurality of slicing layers;
planning a scanning path for each slice layer, wherein the scanning path comprises a plurality of scanning paths, and the scanning path comprises a midline and/or a conformal line; the central line is coincided with the central line of the slicing layer, and the shape following line is parallel to the contour line of the slicing layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said scan path has three scan paths, including a central line and first and second follower lines on opposite sides of said central line,
the first shape following line is parallel to a first contour line on the slice layer, far away from the central line and close to the first shape following line;
the second shape following line is parallel to a second contour line on the slicing layer, far away from the central line and close to the second shape following line.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the scan path has two scan paths including a first conformal line and a second conformal line,
the first shape following line is parallel to a first contour line on the slicing layer, far away from the central line of the slicing layer and close to the first shape following line;
the second shape following line is parallel to a second contour line on the slicing layer, far away from the central line of the slicing layer and close to the second shape following line.
4. The method for planning the laser scanning path of the thin-wall part according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the distance between the shape following line and the contour line of the slicing layer is 0.1 d-0.4 d, wherein d is the wall thickness of the thin-wall part of the slicing layer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the scan paths are connected.
6. A3D printing method of a thin-wall part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
planning a scanning path by using the laser scanning path planning method of the thin-wall part as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5;
and carrying out laser scanning deposition on each slice layer of the thin-wall part to be formed according to the planned scanning path in a coaxial powder feeding mode, and depositing layer by layer to complete the forming processing of the thin-wall part to be formed.
7. The 3D printing method of the thin-walled part according to claim 6, characterized in that the laser power is 5500-7500W and the molten pool width is 6-8 mm.
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| CN112046006A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 南京衍构科技有限公司 | 3D printing scanning filling path planning method for thin-wall part |
| CN112078129A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-15 | 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 | Part printing method and system, terminal equipment and computer storage medium |
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