CN103962556A - Pure titanium powder forming method based on selected area laser melting technology - Google Patents
Pure titanium powder forming method based on selected area laser melting technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pure titanium powder forming method based on a selected area laser melting technology. The method comprises the steps that A. an optimizing comparison method is used for obtaining the optimum machining parameters of pure titanium powder forming; B. a three-dimensional model of a part structure which needs to be manufactured is established; C. the established three-dimensional model is subjected to layering preprocessing; D. the obtained optimum machining parameters are used as 3D printing parameters, the three-dimensional model after layering preprocessing is subjected to layering processing, and accordingly printing files needed by 3D printing are generated; and E. the generated printing files are guided into 3D printing equipment, and pure titanium powder is used as forming materials for 3D printing. The method is based on the selected area laser melting technology, metal parts of various structures can be accurately manufactured according to practical needs, the optimizing comparison method is used for obtaining the optimum machining parameters of pure titanium powder forming, different optimum machining parameters can be set according to practically-needed mechanical property situations, flexibility is high, and dynamic performance is good. The pure titanium powder forming method can be widely used in the field of automation control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automation control area, especially a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology.
Background technology
Titanium and alloy thereof, owing to having good mechanical property and biocompatibility, are widely used in the reparation of clinical medicine bone, bone implantation and corresponding processing and manufacturing field.But traditional titanium and its alloy work technique ubiquity influence factor is many, flow process is complicated, internal structure is difficult to accurate processing, is difficult to once clean machine-shaping, is difficult to obtain the problems such as uniform treatment effect.Adopt precinct laser fusion technology can overcome preferably the problems referred to above, it has all incomparable flexible manufacturing characteristics of other any processing method.But, powder technology based on precinct laser fusion technology at present, its machined parameters is mostly the fixing machined parameters that manufacturer provides, and flexibility ratio is lower and dynamic property is poor, cause the part of its final preparation difficult identical with practical service environment, when serious, even can affect part life.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the object of the invention is: a kind of flexibility ratio height and the good pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology of dynamic property are provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology, comprising:
A, employing are optimized method of comparison and are obtained the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding;
B, build the required threedimensional model of preparing design of part;
C, to build threedimensional model carry out layer preprocessing;
D, using the optimum machined parameters that obtains as 3D print parameters, the threedimensional model after layer preprocessing is carried out to layering processing, print required mimeograph documents thereby generate 3D;
E, the mimeograph documents that generate are imported to 3D printing device, and carry out 3D printing taking pure titanium powder as moulding material.
Further, the optimum machined parameters of described titanium powder moulding comprises optimum working power, optimum sweep speed, optimum sweep span and optimum bed thickness.
Further, described steps A, it comprises:
A1, the structure length of side are the square model of 10 millimeters;
A2, process one by one according to the square model of the working power node, sweep speed node, sweep span node set, scanning bed thickness node and structure, thereby obtain the corresponding part model of each node;
A3, employing coordinate measuring apparatus gather the surface scan orbital image of the corresponding part model of each node, then tentatively determine the corresponding range of nodes of optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding according to the image gathering;
A4, calculate density and the density of the corresponding part model of each node in preliminary definite range of nodes according to Archimedes principle, then determine the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding according to the density calculating and density.
Further, the working power node of described setting is 50W power node, 60W power node, 70W power node, 80W power node, 90W power node and 100W power node.
Further, the sweep speed node of described setting is 100mm/s velocity node, 200mm/s velocity node, 300mm/s velocity node, 400mm/s velocity node, 500mm/s velocity node and 600mm/s velocity node.
Further, the sweep span node of described setting is 0.07mm spacing node, 0.10mm spacing node, 0.13mm spacing node, 0.16mm spacing node, 0.19mm spacing node, 0.22mm spacing node and 0.25mm spacing node.
Further, the bed thickness node that the scanning bed thickness node of described setting is 0.03～0.07mm.
Further, described step C, it comprises:
C1, definite direction of printing;
C2, along the bottom of Print direction, supporting construction is set at threedimensional model, and height, distribution and density degree to supporting construction designs.
Further, described step D, it is specially:
Using the optimum machined parameters that obtains as 3D print parameters, by the bed thickness of setting, the threedimensional model after layer preprocessing is decomposed into the synusia that bed thickness is equal along Print direction, then the synusia data of decomposition are saved in the mimeograph documents of SLM form.
Further, described step e, it comprises:
E1, wait 3D printing device are preheated to the required condition of work;
E2, the mimeograph documents of SLM form are imported to 3D printing device;
E3,3D printing device, according to the optimum machined parameters obtaining, use pure titanium material powder to carry out 3D printing in the mode that increases material printing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: based on precinct laser fusion technology, can accurately manufacture according to actual requirement the metal parts of various structure; Adopt optimization method of comparison to obtain the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding, can set different optimum machined parameters according to the required mechanical property situation of reality, flexibility ratio is high and dynamic property good.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps of a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of steps A of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of step C of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of step e of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology, comprising:
A, employing are optimized method of comparison and are obtained the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding;
B, build the required threedimensional model of preparing design of part;
C, to build threedimensional model carry out layer preprocessing;
D, using the optimum machined parameters that obtains as 3D print parameters, the threedimensional model after layer preprocessing is carried out to layering processing, print required mimeograph documents thereby generate 3D;
E, the mimeograph documents that generate are imported to 3D printing device, and carry out 3D printing taking pure titanium powder as moulding material.
Wherein, optimize method of comparison and refer to, machine-shaping influence factor is optimized to contrast as power, sweep speed, sweep span and bed thickness etc.Taking power as example, in the time being optimized contrast, can first set different power, then process one by one corresponding part according to the power of setting, then the part processing is carried out to performance test one by one, finally obtain optimum working power according to the result of comparison.
Pure titanium valve of the present invention adopts the pure titanium valve of ASTM standard secondary, and its powder is spherical particle.
The YLR-100-WC optical fiber selective laser melting equipment that the model that 3D printing device adopts German SLM Solutions Gmbh company to produce is SLM-125HL, it supports the file of SLM form.
Threedimensional model after layer preprocessing is carried out to layering processing, and the software adopting is SLM AutoFab64 1.8 softwares that 3D printing device carries.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, the optimum machined parameters of described titanium powder moulding comprises optimum working power, optimum sweep speed, optimum sweep span and optimum bed thickness.
With reference to Fig. 2, further preferred embodiment, described steps A, it comprises:
A1, the structure length of side are the square model of 10 millimeters;
A2, process one by one according to the square model of the working power node, sweep speed node, sweep span node set, scanning bed thickness node and structure, thereby obtain the corresponding part model of each node;
A3, employing coordinate measuring apparatus gather the surface scan orbital image of the corresponding part model of each node, then tentatively determine the corresponding range of nodes of optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding according to the image gathering;
A4, calculate density and the density of the corresponding part model of each node in preliminary definite range of nodes according to Archimedes principle, then determine the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding according to the density calculating and density.
Wherein, the structure length of side is the square model of 10 millimeters, is in order to make each object that is optimized contrast have better contrast property.
Surface scan track, refers to that laser procession scans molten road, the molten bath forming.
Density, refers to macroscopical density of actual parts.
Working power node, sweep speed node, sweep span node and the scanning bed thickness node set are two or more nodes.
According to priori, the corresponding density of optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding is generally more than 95%.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, the working power node of described setting is 50W.
Power node, 60W power node, 70W power node, 80W power node, 90W power node and 100W power node.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, the sweep speed node of described setting is 100mm/s velocity node, 200mm/s velocity node, 300mm/s velocity node, 400mm/s velocity node, 500mm/s velocity node and 600mm/s velocity node.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, the sweep span node of described setting is 0.07mm spacing node, 0.10mm spacing node, 0.13mm spacing node, 0.16mm spacing node, 0.19mm spacing node, 0.22mm spacing node and 0.25mm spacing node.
Be further used as preferred embodiment the bed thickness node that the scanning bed thickness node of described setting is 0.03～0.07mm.
With reference to Fig. 3, be further used as preferred embodiment, described step C, it comprises:
C1, definite direction of printing;
C2, along the bottom of Print direction, supporting construction is set at threedimensional model, and height, distribution and density degree to supporting construction designs.
Wherein, supporting construction, for being connected and the heat radiation of process of part and 3D printing device substrate, and facilitates separating of part and substrate.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described step D, it is specially:
Using the optimum machined parameters that obtains as 3D print parameters, by the bed thickness of setting, the threedimensional model after layer preprocessing is decomposed into the synusia that bed thickness is equal along Print direction, then the synusia data of decomposition are saved in the mimeograph documents of SLM form.
With reference to Fig. 4, be further used as preferred embodiment, described step e, it comprises:
E1, wait 3D printing device are preheated to the required condition of work;
E2, the mimeograph documents of SLM form are imported to 3D printing device;
E3,3D printing device, according to the optimum machined parameters obtaining, use pure titanium material powder to carry out 3D printing in the mode that increases material printing.
Wherein, the required condition of working refers to, the base station temperature of 3D printing device is 0-200 DEG C, and in processing cabin, oxygen content is lower than 0.2%.Before the preheating of 3D printing device, also need first to pass into 99.999% pure argon as protective gas.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment mono-
The present embodiment is introduced for the preparation of the process of pure titanium loose structure part the present invention.
The 3D printing device that the model that the present invention has adopted German SLM Solutions Gmbh company to produce is SLM-125HL, and the software kit using is SLM AutoFab MCS1.1 or SLM AutoFab64 1.8 softwares that this 3D printing device carries.
The present invention, for the preparation of the process of pure titanium loose structure part, comprising:
S1, in computer, set up the threedimensional model of the loose structure of required preparation.
According to the required practical structures of preparing part, use the engineering drawing software such as solidworks, UG, ProE, design and set up the threedimensional model of actual loose structure, and saved as STL form.Wherein, the parameter of threedimensional model is as the criterion with the actual parameter of loose structure, comprises shape, the size of external entirety, Inner structural shape, polygonal side length and wall thickness etc.
S2, to set up threedimensional model carry out layer preprocessing.
The layer preprocessing carrying out comprises: determine Print direction, then in the bottom of threedimensional model, supporting construction is set along Print direction, and the height to supporting construction, distribution and density degree design according to actual conditions.
S3,3D print parameters is set, threedimensional model is carried out to layering processing, then preserve and derive the file of SLM form.
Wherein, 3D print parameters comprises scan mode, sweep speed, power of putting position, disposing way and the laser of part etc.
Threedimensional model is carried out to layering processing, resolve into along Print direction the three-dimensional structure that multiple bed thickness are equal by threedimensional model: use SLM AutoFab64 1.8 softwares, along Print direction, this threedimensional model is divided into the synusia that some bed thickness are equal, general bed thickness is 30～70 μ m, need specifically set according to the granularity of the pure titanium material powder using in 3D printing device.
Finally, preserve and derive with SLM form, described SLM form is the discernible file format of 3D printing device.
S4, the SLM formatted file of deriving is imported to 3D printing device, carry out 3D printing.
In the present embodiment, the 3D printing device that the model that has used German SLM Solutions Gmbh company to produce is SLM-125HL carries out part processing.
Embodiment bis-
The present embodiment is introduced the detailed process that adopts optimization method of comparison to obtain the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding.
The present invention first builds the cube model structure of unified structure, and the remarkable technique effect then producing according to difference variation machined parameters contrasts and calculates.
When carrying out paired observation and calculating, the present invention adopts coordinate measuring apparatus Quick View 200 to observe the surface scan track of model, by the cubic model of structure is processed, the part of removing supporting construction and polish behind bottom surface is placed on the platform of coordinate measuring apparatus, and choose 1.5～2 times of multiplication factors, with clear molten road, the surface state of observing all sidedly.
The remarkable technique effect that the present invention produces according to difference variation machined parameters contrasts and comprises:
A. power
Under the state of other machined parameters acquiescence, the present invention chooses respectively power 50W, 60W, 70W, 80W, 90W and 100W as power node, carries out respectively processing and manufacturing, and pickup test after final molding, thereby obtain its performance comparison table, as shown in table 1 below.The model surface scan track that simultaneously adopts coordinate measuring apparatus Quick View 200 to observe.From the result of table 1 and observation, when scan power is 50W, 60W, laser beam scan path does not form track (density is less than 95%), surface spherodization is very serious, now, laser energy input not, causes the powder in powder sweep limits not melt completely, and therefore the moulding of this model needs higher laser power.In the time that scan power is 70W, have the blank (density equals 95%) of track of formation, and scan power has all formed complete track (density is greater than 95%) while being 80W, 90W, 100W, therefore optimum scan power should be 70W-100W.
The performance comparison of table 1 different capacity compacted under part
B. power
Under the state of other parameter acquiescence, the present invention chooses respectively sweep speed 100mm/s, 200mm/s, 300mm/s, 400mm/s, 500mm/s and 600mm/s and carries out respectively processing and manufacturing as sweep speed node, and pickup test after final molding, thereby obtain its performance comparison table, as shown in table 2 below.The model surface scan track that simultaneously adopts coordinate measuring apparatus Quick View 200 to observe.From table 2 and the result of observing, when sweep speed is at 400mm/s time, piece surface there will be a large amount of defects (its density is less than 95%), and this type of defect will have a strong impact on forming parts quality, and therefore optimum sweep speed should be not more than 400mm/s.
The performance comparison of table 2 different scanning speed compacted under part
C. sweep span
Under the state of other parameter acquiescence, it is that 0.07mm, 0.1mm, 0.13mm, 0.16mm, 0.19mm, 0.22mm and 0.22mm are optimized contrast as sweep span node that the present invention chooses respectively sweep span, carry out respectively processing and manufacturing, and pickup test after final molding, thereby obtain its performance comparison table, as shown in table 3 below.The model surface scan track that simultaneously adopts coordinate measuring apparatus Quick View 200 to observe.From table 3 and the result of observing, when sweep span is 70 μ m, 100 μ m, 130 μ m and 160 μ m, the piece surface that processes is more smooth, groove mark is more shallow, surface is more clear, and different laser melting zone overlaps better (density is greater than 95%) mutually; Sweep span is greater than after 160 μ m, and the piece surface flatness processing declines gradually, and groove mark is deepened gradually, and spherodization is serious gradually, occurs not melting phenomenon (density is less than 95%) in laser melting zone.Therefore, the optimum sweep span of laser of the pure titanium processing of applicable processing should be no more than 160 μ m.
The performance comparison of table 3 different scanning spacing compacted under part
D. scan bed thickness
Actual research shows, scanning bed thickness increases can improve working (machining) efficiency, but but can affect crudy, therefore need other parameters (as power, sweep speed, sweep span etc.) to be made to corresponding adjustment simultaneously, to obtain the better and functional part of surface quality.The present embodiment is chosen the parameter of sweep speed as corresponding adjustment, and scanning bed thickness is optimized to contrast.
Under the state of other parameter acquiescence, it is that 0.03mm and 0.07 mm are as sweep span node that the present invention chooses respectively scanning bed thickness, also choose respectively the sweep speed of 175mm/s, 275mm/s, 375mm/s and 400mm/s simultaneously and carry out processing and manufacturing, and pickup test contrasts after final molding.The model surface scan track that simultaneously adopts coordinate measuring apparatus Quick View 200 to observe.The plane of scanning motion from observing: when scanning bed thickness is 0.03mm, the piece surface track molten bath processing that is respectively 175mm/s, 275mm/s, 375mm/s place in sweep speed is comparatively smooth, and defect is less, processing effect is comparatively desirable; In the time that sweep speed is adjusted into 400mm/s, there is comparatively significantly nodularization defect in the piece surface processing, show that energy density (energy density=power/(scanning bed thickness × sweep speed × sweep span)) is now lower, processing effect is poor, therefore can infer for scanning the pure titanium powder that bed thickness is 0.03mm, its processing sweep speed should not exceed 400mm/s, in like manner also deducibility goes out to scan the pure titanium powder that bed thickness is 0.07mm, and its processing sweep speed should not exceed 375mm/s.
In sum, for pure titanium powder, the parameter (being optimum machined parameters) that is applicable to its processing is: scanning bed thickness is 0.03～0.07mm, and sweep speed is no more than 400mm/s, and sweep span is not more than 0.16mm/s, and it is 70W～100W that power can be selected interval.In reality processing, also need, according to the needed environment for use of part, in optimum machined parameters, to select concrete machined parameters.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is based on precinct laser fusion technology, can accurately manufacture according to actual requirement the metal parts of various structure; Adopt optimization method of comparison to obtain the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding, can set different optimum machined parameters according to the required mechanical property situation of reality, flexibility ratio is high and dynamic property good.
More than that better enforcement of the present invention is illustrated, but the invention is not limited to described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art also can make all equivalent variations or replacement under the prerequisite without prejudice to spirit of the present invention, and the distortion that these are equal to or replacement are all included in the application's claim limited range.
Claims (10)
1. the pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology, is characterized in that: comprising:
A, employing are optimized method of comparison and are obtained the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding;
B, build the required threedimensional model of preparing design of part;
C, to build threedimensional model carry out layer preprocessing;
D, using the optimum machined parameters that obtains as 3D print parameters, the threedimensional model after layer preprocessing is carried out to layering processing, print required mimeograph documents thereby generate 3D;
E, the mimeograph documents that generate are imported to 3D printing device, and carry out 3D printing taking pure titanium powder as moulding material.
2. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the optimum machined parameters of described titanium powder moulding comprises optimum working power, optimum sweep speed, optimum sweep span and optimum bed thickness.
3. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described steps A, and it comprises:
A1, the structure length of side are the square model of 10 millimeters;
A2, process one by one according to the square model of the working power node, sweep speed node, sweep span node set, scanning bed thickness node and structure, thereby obtain the corresponding part model of each node;
A3, employing coordinate measuring apparatus gather the surface scan orbital image of the corresponding part model of each node, then tentatively determine the corresponding range of nodes of optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding according to the image gathering;
A4, calculate density and the density of the corresponding part model of each node in preliminary definite range of nodes according to Archimedes principle, then determine the optimum machined parameters of pure titanium powder moulding according to the density calculating and density.
4. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the working power node of described setting is 50W power node, 60W power node, 70W power node, 80W power node, 90W power node and 100W power node.
5. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the sweep speed node of described setting is 100mm/s velocity node, 200mm/s velocity node, 300mm/s velocity node, 400mm/s velocity node, 500mm/s velocity node and 600mm/s velocity node.
6. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the sweep span node of described setting is 0.07mm spacing node, 0.10mm spacing node, 0.13mm spacing node, 0.16mm spacing node, 0.19mm spacing node, 0.22mm spacing node and 0.25mm spacing node.
7. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the bed thickness node that the scanning bed thickness node of described setting is 0.03～0.07mm.
8. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described step C, and it comprises:
C1, definite direction of printing;
C2, along the bottom of Print direction, supporting construction is set at threedimensional model, and height, distribution and density degree to supporting construction designs.
9. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described step D, and it is specially:
Using the optimum machined parameters that obtains as 3D print parameters, by the bed thickness of setting, the threedimensional model after layer preprocessing is decomposed into the synusia that bed thickness is equal along Print direction, then the synusia data of decomposition are saved in the mimeograph documents of SLM form.
10. a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on precinct laser fusion technology according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described step e, and it comprises:
E1, wait 3D printing device are preheated to the required condition of work;
E2, the mimeograph documents of SLM form are imported to 3D printing device;
E3,3D printing device, according to the optimum machined parameters obtaining, use pure titanium material powder to carry out 3D printing in the mode that increases material printing.
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