CN109530687B - 3D printing equipment process parameter debugging method - Google Patents
3D printing equipment process parameter debugging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109530687B CN109530687B CN201811277417.7A CN201811277417A CN109530687B CN 109530687 B CN109530687 B CN 109530687B CN 201811277417 A CN201811277417 A CN 201811277417A CN 109530687 B CN109530687 B CN 109530687B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing equipment process parameter debugging method, relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and can be suitable for parameter debugging of any metal 3D printing material, so that the obtained parameters are reasonable and reliable, the debugging time of the process parameters is shortened, and the loss of raw materials is reduced; the method comprises the following steps: s1, paving the selected powder on a substrate, and preheating; s2, determining filling process parameters; s3, determining contour scanning parameters; and S4, determining the support parameters and the lower surface parameters. The technical scheme provided by the invention is suitable for the process of debugging the process parameters of the 3D printing material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a method for debugging process parameters of 3D printing equipment.
Background
At present, industrial-grade metal 3D printing equipment ensures the molding effect of powder materials by setting process parameters, and different process parameters (laser power, powder layer thickness, scanning speed, profile offset, etc.) are required for printing different metal powder materials. The technological parameters used by different devices are different for the same powder material. The process parameters of the same material can be different due to the differences of the mechanical structure, the optical path system and the atmosphere protection system in the same equipment of the same manufacturer. Thus, the process parameters of a powder material are influenced by various factors and are variable. If the process parameters are explored blindly, the use cost and labor cost of equipment are increased.
Therefore, a universal 3D printing material process parameter debugging method is an effective method for solving the problems of the current powder materials, and is a loop which needs to be experienced before the metal powder materials are put into production.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a 3D printing device process parameter debugging method, which is applicable to parameter debugging of any metal 3D printing material, and not only is the obtained parameters reasonable and reliable, but also the debugging time of the process parameters is shortened, and the loss of raw materials is reduced.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for debugging process parameters of 3D printing equipment, which is characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, paving the selected powder on a substrate, and preheating;
s2, determining filling process parameters;
s3, determining contour scanning parameters;
and S4, determining the support parameters and the lower surface parameters.
As for the above-mentioned aspect and any possible implementation manner, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the specific step of S2 includes:
s21, performing a single-pass test, and determining the first-stage selection range of the laser power and the laser scanning speed;
s22, taking the scanning speed in the first-level selection range as a fixed quantity, sequentially measuring the width and the depth of the printing line under different laser powers, and extracting the combined data of the laser scanning speed and the laser power corresponding to the situation that the width and the depth of the printing line are increased to be used as the second-level selection range of the laser power and the laser scanning speed;
s23, performing a single-layer scanning experiment on the basis of the second-stage selection range of the laser power and the laser scanning speed, and determining the selection range value of the laser scanning interval;
s24, performing a block printing test on the basis of S23, and determining a selection range value of the layer thickness;
s25, measuring the relative density of the printed block, and selecting the combination of laser power, laser scanning speed, laser scanning distance and layer thickness corresponding to the block with the relative density meeting the requirement as the filling parameter of the powder material.
The above-mentioned aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, and the specific content of S3 includes: and carrying out a block printing experiment, and selecting the data of the outer ring profile offset distance, the profile scanning power and the profile scanning speed corresponding to the block with the surface roughness meeting the requirements as profile scanning parameters.
As for the above-mentioned aspect and any possible implementation manner, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the specific step of S4 includes:
s41, determining a primary selection range of the support parameters and the lower surface parameters to print the solid part, wherein the solid part needs to be added with support and has an inclined surface;
and S42, extracting final parameter values of the support parameter and the lower surface parameter according to the printing effect.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation, wherein the support parameters include a support scan power and a support scan speed; the lower surface parameters include a lower surface scanning power and a lower surface scanning speed.
In the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, in S42, a parameter value corresponding to the lower surface with the roughness meeting the requirement is selected as a final lower surface parameter value.
In the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, there is further provided an implementation manner, in S42, on the premise of ensuring the printing quality of the solid part, a parameter value corresponding to the solid part from which the support is easily removed is selected as a final support parameter value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects: the method for debugging the process parameters is suitable for any metal 3D printing material, the obtained parameters are reasonable and reliable, the debugging time of the process parameters is shortened, and the loss of raw materials is reduced.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for debugging process parameters of a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model for debugging support parameters and subsurface parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a substrate-1, a support-2, a solid part-3, and a lower surface-4.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
A3D printing equipment process parameter debugging method, as shown in the flow of the process parameter debugging method shown in figure 1, comprises the following specific steps:
s1, selecting powder, drying and screening the powder before debugging to ensure the dryness and the fluidity of the powder;
s2, uniformly spreading the powder on the substrate 1, and preheating the substrate 1 to ensure the initial sintering effect of the laser;
s3, determining filling process parameters to enable equipment to be printable into finished products, wherein the mechanical strength reaches the level of a forged piece, and the steps comprise:
firstly, a single-pass test is carried out to determine the selection range values of the laser power and the laser scanning speed. Na parameter point values are set in a progressive manner by an equal difference value Ca in the laser power selection range, and Nb parameter points are set in a progressive manner by an equal difference value Cb in the scanning speed selection range. The two are combined in an orthogonal manner, and lines are printed on the substrate 1 in the order of combination. The laser power selection range is 150W-400W, and the equal difference value Ca is 10W; the scanning speed is selected to be in the range of 500 m/s-2000m/s, and the equal difference Cb is 100 m/s. For example, the laser power is set to 26 parameter points in a progressive manner with an equal difference value of 10W in the range of 150-400W, and the scanning speed is set to 16 parameter points in a progressive manner with an equal difference value of 100m/s in the range of 500-2000 m/s. The two are combined in an orthogonal manner, and lines are printed on the substrate in sequence according to the combination order.
Secondly, observing the substrate 1, selecting complete printing lines, and extracting corresponding combinations.
And measuring the width and depth of the printing line under different laser powers in turn by taking each scanning speed as a fixed quantity. To avoid wasting laser energy, when the printing line width is significantly larger than the spot diameter and the depth growth is slow, the combination after the minimum power value where this occurs is completely omitted, and the combination of power and scanning speed before this occurs is selected. The combination of laser scanning power and scanning speed for increasing the width and depth of the printing line is selected, so that the laser energy can be fully utilized, and the forming effect of the powder is ensured.
Fourthly, carrying out a single-layer scanning experiment and determining the selection range value of the laser scanning interval. Nc number of parameter point values are set in a progressive manner of the equal difference value Cc within the selection range of the laser scanning pitch, orthogonally combined with the above laser power-scanning speed combination, and the surface is printed on the substrate 1 in the combination order. The selection range of the scanning distance is 1mm-20mm, and the equal difference Cc is 1 mm. For example, the laser scanning pitch sets 20 parameter point values in a progressive manner with equal difference of 1mm within a selected range of 1mm-20mm, orthogonally combines with the above laser power-scanning speed combination, and prints the sides on the substrate in the combined order.
Observing the condition of the printed surface, and selecting the print data combination with flat and smooth surface.
Sixthly, carrying out block printing test and determining the selection range value of the layer thickness. And Nd parameter point values are set in a progressive mode of an equal difference value Cd within the selection range of the layer thickness, orthogonal combination is carried out on the parameter point values and the combination of the laser power, the scanning speed and the scanning distance, and cuboids with certain sizes are printed on the substrate according to the combination sequence. The selection range of the layer thickness is 0.02mm-0.2mm, and the equal difference Cd is 0.01 mm. For example, 19 parameter point values are set in a layer thickness of 0.02-0.2mm in increments of 0.01mm in equal difference, orthogonally combined with the above laser power-scanning speed-scanning pitch combination, and cuboids of 10mm × 10mm × 20mm in size are printed on the substrate in the order of combination.
And seventhly, cutting off the block body and measuring relative density. The combination of laser power-scanning speed-scanning distance-layer thickness represented by the block with the highest relative compactness is selected as the filling parameter of the powder material.
And S4, determining profile scanning parameters to ensure the roughness of the outer surface of the part.
Specifically, a block printing test is performed, and profile scanning parameters, namely, selection range values of an outer ring profile offset distance, profile scanning power and a profile scanning speed are determined. Ne parameter point values are set in a progressive manner by an equal difference value Ce within a selection range of the outer contour offset distance, Nf parameter point values are set in a progressive manner by an equal difference value Cf within an equal difference value range within the contour scanning power range, and Ng parameter point values are set in an increasing manner by an equal difference value Cg within a selection range of the offset scanning speed. And carrying out orthogonal combination on the three groups of data to carry out a block printing test. The surface quality of the block side is observed, the surface roughness is measured, and the group of data with the best surface roughness is selected as the profile scanning parameter. The selection range of the outer ring profile offset distance is 0.01mm-0.1mm, and the equal difference Ce of the outer ring profile offset distance is 0.01 mm; the selection range of the contour scanning power is 80W-200W, and the equal difference Cf of the contour scanning power is 10W; the selection range of the profile scanning speed is 500m/s-1500m/s, and the equal difference Cg of the profile scanning speed is 100 m/s. For example, 10 parameter point values are set in a progressive manner with an equal difference value of 0.01mm within a range of 0.01mm to 0.1mm for the contour offset distance, 13 parameter point values are set in a progressive manner with an equal difference value of 10W within a range of 80W to 200W for the contour scanning power, and 11 parameter point values are set in an increasing manner with an equal difference value of 100m/s within a range of 500m/s to 1500m/s for the offset scanning speed; and carrying out orthogonal combination on the three groups of data to carry out a block printing test. The surface quality of the block side is observed, the surface roughness is measured, and the group of data with the best surface roughness is selected as the profile scanning parameter.
S5, determining parameters of the support and the lower surface, ensuring the molding effect of the lower surface of the non-connected (and the substrate) and avoiding the curling deformation caused by overlarge internal stress. The lower surface refers to the lower surface 4 of the solid part 3, as shown in fig. 2.
Firstly, selecting a solid part which needs to be added with a support 2 and has an inclined plane to carry out a printing test, and determining support scanning power, support scanning speed, lower surface scanning power and lower surface scanning speed. Setting Nh parameter point values in a progressive mode of equal difference values Ch in the selection range of the supporting scanning power, setting Ni parameter point values in a progressive mode of equal difference values Ci in the selection range of the supporting scanning speed, setting Nj parameter point values in a progressive mode of equal difference values Cj in the selection range of the lower surface scanning power, and setting Nk parameter point values in a progressive mode of equal difference values Ck in the selection range of the lower surface scanning speed. And combining the support parameters and the lower surface parameters in an orthogonal mode respectively to perform a printing test. The selection range of the supporting scanning power is 100W-200W, and the equal difference Ch of the supporting scanning power is 10W; the selection range of the supporting scanning speed is 100m/s-2000m/s, and the equal difference Ci of the supporting scanning speed is 100 m/s; the selection range of the lower surface scanning power is 100W-200W, and the equal difference value Cj of the lower surface scanning power is 10W; the selection range of the scanning speed of the lower surface is 500m/s-2500m/s, and the equal difference Ck of the scanning speed of the lower surface is 100 m/s. For example, 10 parameter point values are set in an incremental manner with an equal difference of 10W at a support scanning power in a range of 100W-200W, 20 parameter point values are set in an incremental manner with an equal difference of 100m/s at a support scanning speed in a range of 100m/s-2000m/s, 20 parameter point values are set in an incremental manner with an equal difference of 10W at a lower surface scanning power in a range of 100W-200W, and 21 parameter point values are set in an incremental manner with an equal difference of 100m/s at a surface scanning speed in a range of 500m/s-2500 m/s. And combining the support parameters and the lower surface parameters in an orthogonal mode respectively to perform a printing test.
Secondly, in the printing process, if the printing plane is deformed at a position close to the inclined plane to cause the phenomenon of blocking of the scraper, the lower surface parameter combination is abandoned, and another group is changed to continue printing until the printing plane is not blocked. On the basis, the molding quality of the lower surface is observed, and the set of parameters with the best surface roughness is selected as the parameters of the lower surface.
And thirdly, observing the supported printing condition in the printing process. And if the support is not printed well, reprinting the support according to the parameter. After printing is completed, under the condition of ensuring the quality of the part, the easiness of removing the support is checked, and the parameter which is easiest to remove the support and ensures the quality of the part is selected as the support parameter.
The TC4 technological parameters debugged by the method can well meet the processing requirements of various parts with complex structures.
The invention takes the traditional 3D printing material process parameter debugging method as the basis, gradually decomposes the multivariable debugging process into the debugging process with less variables and multiple layers, has clear, simple and understandable thought, and is beneficial to the debugging before the production of various powder materials; on the basis of the traditional debugging method, the debugging method of the profile parameters, the support parameters and the lower surface parameters is added, so that the debugging system is further improved, the technological parameters of the metal material are more complete, and the processing performance is better; the method can be applied to various metal powder materials suitable for the SLM technology, and has wide application range and high success rate.
The 3D printing device process parameter debugging method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail above. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method of the present application and its core ideas; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
As used in the specification and claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, and a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the definitions of the appended claims.
It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the application as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is to be protected by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (6)
1. A3D printing equipment process parameter debugging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, paving the selected powder on a substrate, and preheating;
s2, determining filling process parameters;
s3, determining contour scanning parameters;
s4, determining support parameters and lower surface parameters;
the specific steps of S2 include:
s21, performing a single-pass test, and determining the first-stage selection range of the laser power and the laser scanning speed; the specific content comprises the following steps: setting Na parameter points in a progressive mode of an equal difference value Ca in the laser power selection range, setting Nb parameter points in a progressive mode of an equal difference value Cb in the laser scanning speed selection range, combining the Na parameter points and the Nb parameter points in an orthogonal mode, and sequentially printing lines on the substrate according to the combination sequence; selecting a combination of laser power and laser scanning speed corresponding to the complete printing line as a first-stage selection range;
s22, taking the scanning speed in the first-level selection range as a fixed quantity, sequentially measuring the width and the depth of the printing line under different laser powers, and extracting the combined data of the laser scanning speed and the laser power corresponding to the situation that the width and the depth of the printing line are increased to be used as the second-level selection range of the laser power and the laser scanning speed;
s23, performing a single-layer scanning experiment on the basis of the second-stage selection range of the laser power and the laser scanning speed, and determining the selection range value of the laser scanning interval; the method specifically comprises the following steps: setting Nc parameter point values in a progressive mode of an equal difference value Cc in the selection range of the laser scanning interval, orthogonally combining the Nc parameter point values with a second-level selection range of laser power and laser scanning speed, and printing the surface on the substrate according to a combination sequence; selecting the range of laser power, laser scanning speed and laser scanning interval corresponding to a printing surface with a smooth and flat surface as a selected range value;
s24, performing a block printing test on the basis of S23, and determining a selection range value of the layer thickness; the method specifically comprises the following steps: setting Nd parameter point values in a progressive mode of an equal difference value Cd within the selection range of the layer thickness, orthogonally combining the Nd parameter point values with the combination of the laser power, the laser scanning speed and the laser scanning interval obtained in S23, and printing a cuboid block body with a certain size on the substrate according to a combination sequence;
s25, measuring the relative density of the printed block, and selecting the combination of laser power, laser scanning speed, laser scanning distance and layer thickness corresponding to the block with the relative density meeting the requirement as the filling parameter of the powder material.
2. The 3D printing equipment process parameter debugging method according to claim 1, wherein the specific content of S3 includes: and carrying out a block printing experiment, and selecting the data of the outer ring profile offset distance, the profile scanning power and the profile scanning speed corresponding to the block with the surface roughness meeting the requirements as profile scanning parameters.
3. The 3D printing apparatus process parameter debugging method according to claim 1, wherein the specific step of S4 includes:
s41, determining a primary selection range of the support parameters and the lower surface parameters to print the solid part, wherein the solid part needs to be added with support and has an inclined surface;
and S42, extracting final parameter values of the support parameter and the lower surface parameter according to the printing effect.
4. The 3D printing apparatus process parameter debugging method of claim 3, wherein the support parameters comprise a support scan power and a support scan speed; the lower surface parameters include a lower surface scanning power and a lower surface scanning speed.
5. The 3D printing apparatus process parameter debugging method of claim 3, wherein in S42, a parameter value corresponding to the lower surface with the roughness meeting the requirement is selected as a final lower surface parameter value.
6. The 3D printing apparatus process parameter adjusting method according to claim 3, wherein in S42, on the premise of ensuring the printing quality of the solid part, a parameter value corresponding to the solid part from which the support is easily removed is selected as a final support parameter value.
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| CN111992716B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-06-21 | 上海材料研究所 | Selective laser melting process parameter development method |
| CN112548120B (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-05-18 | 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 | Method for additive manufacturing of a part |
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Application publication date: 20190329 Assignee: Aerospace additive technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Beijing Xinghang Electro-mechanical Equipment Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2021990000834 Denomination of invention: A debugging method for process parameters of 3D printing equipment Granted publication date: 20201127 License type: Common License Record date: 20211229 |
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