CN105945283B - Mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method - Google Patents

Mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105945283B
CN105945283B CN201610404088.2A CN201610404088A CN105945283B CN 105945283 B CN105945283 B CN 105945283B CN 201610404088 A CN201610404088 A CN 201610404088A CN 105945283 B CN105945283 B CN 105945283B
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powder bed
electron beam
control system
apparatus control
axis
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CN105945283A (en
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郭光耀
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Xi'an Zhirong Metal Printing System Co Ltd
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Xi'an Zhirong Metal Printing System Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
    • B22F12/47—Radiation means with translatory movement parallel to the deposition plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method, comprises the following steps：Data after the sliced layered shaping of Three-dimensional Entity Components illustraton of model are imported in apparatus control system；Rectangular coordinate system is established in powder bed working surface by the apparatus control system；By the apparatus control system and driving device the electron gun is made to move along a straight line in the horizontal direction along X-axis, the powder bed is made to be moved in the horizontal direction along Y-axis, and fusing is scanned to the individual-layer data tracing point of different zones successively until completing forming parts according to given order and technological parameter.Forming method provided by the invention realizes the deflection angle for reducing electron beam by adjusting the position of electron beam and scanning area, advantageously ensures that electron beam quality of beam, improves forming accuracy and formation of parts quality.

Description

Mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to material increasing fields, and in particular to a kind of mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method.
Background technology
Increases material manufacturing technology also known as 3D printing or RP technique.It is one kind based on digital model file, With metal powder, metal wire material or can adhesiveness plastic or other material, come constructed object by way of successively stacking accumulation Technology.Fast Forming Technique is widely used in the fields such as mold manufacturing, industrial design, is now increasingly used for some products It directly manufactures, particularly the application (such as hip joint or tooth or some airplane components) of some high values.
Metal parts method for quickly forming and manufacturing mainly has the Laser Melting Deposition based on synchronous powder feeding system directly to manufacture skill Art (Laser Melting Deposition, hereinafter referred to as LMD technologies), selective laser fusing (Selective Laser Melting, hereinafter referred to as SLM technologies), electron beam fuse increases material manufacturing technology (the Electron Beam based on automatic feeding Wire Melting, hereinafter referred to as EBWM technologies), based on powder bed be laid with selective laser melt increases material manufacturing technology (Selective Laser Melting, hereinafter referred to as SLM technologies), electron beam selective melting shape (Electron Beam Selective Melting, hereinafter referred to as EBSM technologies) the methods of.
Wherein, electron beam selective melting Rapid Manufacturing Technology (EBSM) refers to electron beam under deflection coil driving by advance The path progressive scan of planning, melts the metal powder of placed, layer upon layer, produces the metal parts of needs, technology tool It has the advantage that：
1) formation of parts dimensional accuracy is high, can not do any post processing or simply after surface treatment through simple and mechanical processing After form final use state, highly shortened product development cycle；
2) electron beam imperceptible can focus on, and beam spot diameter, can reach below 0.1um, and scanning burn-off rate is reachable 8000mm/s, forming speed are fast；
3) electron beam selective melting technology can preheat powder bed, and part forming process is made to be maintained at a higher temperature Degree, occurrence probability the defects of residual stress height, crackle, deformation caused by reducing part thermal stress.
However, existing electron beam selective melting forming technique is all to realize electron beam in certain area by deflection coil The fusing shaping of metal powder accurate scan.Electron beam is not to be exactly perpendicularly to working surface after deflection coil, but with Vertical direction forms an angle.With the increase of deflection of a beam of electrons angle, electron beam quality of beam declines to a great extent, and electromagnetic calibration is It can not ensure that quality of beam meets the needs of shaping.In addition, deflection of a beam of electrons angle increases powder bed shaped region edge Beam spot has certain deformation, causes melting pool shape and Energy distribution that deviation occurs, so as to cause formation of parts precision and forming quality Difference.In short, on the premise of the parts accuracy of manufacture and quality is ensured, cannot be produced by the scanning of electron beam electromagnetic deflection merely The parts of large-size.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve electron beam selective melting forming technique formed precision and Forming Quality difference ask Topic.
The purpose of the present invention is what is realized using following technical scheme.
A kind of mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method, comprises the following steps：Step S1：By 3D solid zero Data after the sliced layered shaping of part illustraton of model are imported in apparatus control system；Step S2：Pass through the apparatus control system Rectangular coordinate system is established in powder bed working surface, determines reference axis X, Y and coordinate origin O；Step S3：It is controlled by the equipment Powder bed surface electronic beam scanning region is divided into several equal sized grid types by system along X-axis and Y direction Rectangular area；Step S4：The individual-layer data tracing point that will be scanned is precalculated by the apparatus control system in step S2 Coordinate position data in the coordinate system established determines that the coordinate of the individual-layer data tracing point that will be scanned is belonging respectively to Which region in step S3；Step S5：Metal powder is laid on powder bed carrying platform by powdering equipment；Step S6：Pass through The apparatus control system and driving device make electron gun move along a straight line in the horizontal direction along X-axis, make the powder bed in level side It is moved to along Y-axis, fusing is scanned to the individual-layer data track of different zones successively according to given order and technological parameter； Step S7：Powder bed carrying platform declines certain altitude；Step S8：Step S4~S7 is repeated, until completing forming parts.
In one embodiment, in step s 6, the center that the central axis of the electron gun passes through the rectangular area Point.
In one embodiment, in the step S6, to whole working regions between each layer there or between different zones Or subregion carries out electronics beam scanning preheating, and part different parts is made to keep smaller temperature gradient.
In one embodiment, the forming process of the quick forming fabri-cation method carries out under vacuum.
Compared to the prior art, forming method provided by the invention is realized by adjusting the position of electron beam and scanning area Reduce the deflection angle of electron beam, advantageously ensure that electron beam quality of beam, improve forming accuracy and formation of parts quality.
Above description is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention, And can be practiced according to the content of specification, and in order to allow the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention can It is clearer and more comprehensible, it is special below to lift preferred embodiment, and coordinate attached drawing, detailed description are as follows.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the signal of mobile powder bed type electron beam selective melting quick forming fabri-cation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, the present invention is described more fully below with reference to relevant drawings.In attached drawing Give the better embodiment of the present invention.But the present invention can realize in many different forms, however it is not limited to herein Described embodiment.On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is that make to understand more the disclosure Add thorough and comprehensive.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article is with belonging to technical field of the invention The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Term used in the description of the invention herein is intended merely to description tool The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term as used herein " and/or " include one or more The arbitrary and all combination of relevant Listed Items.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is mobile powder bed type electron beam selective melting quick forming fabri-cation provided in an embodiment of the present invention The principle schematic of method.
Step S1：Data after the sliced layered shaping of Three-dimensional Entity Components illustraton of model are imported into apparatus control system (figure Not shown in) in.
Step S2：Rectangular coordinate system is established in powder bed working surface by apparatus control system, determines reference axis X, Y and seat Origin O is marked, as shown in Figure 1.
Step S3：By the computer of apparatus control system by the electron beam scanning area of powder bed working surface 200 along X-axis The rectangular area of several equal sized grid types is divided into Y direction.For example, from 11 1n areas ... of area ... n1 Area ... to nn areas has n × n region altogether.Rectangular area can be square, rectangle.
Step S4：The individual-layer data tracing point that being precalculated by apparatus control system will scan is established in step S2 Rectangular coordinate system in coordinate position data, the coordinate of individual-layer data tracing point for determining to scan is belonging respectively to step S3 In which region.For example, the coordinate for the individual-layer data tracing point that will be scanned is located at n1 areas.
Step S5：Metal powder is laid with to powder bed working surface by powdering equipment.
Step S6：Make electron gun in the horizontal direction along X-axis by apparatus control system and driving device (not shown) Linear motion, makes powder bed be moved in the horizontal direction along Y-axis, different zones is divided successively according to given order and technological parameter Layer data track is scanned fusing.
Specifically, electron gun is moved along two electron gun X-axis line slideway X-directions in the horizontal direction, powder edge of bed The Y direction movement in the horizontal direction of two powder bed Y-axis line slideways.
In the present embodiment, demixing scan track is circle.
Step S7：The carrying platform (not shown) of powder bed declines certain altitude, continues next layer of shaping.
Step S8：Step S4~S7 is repeated, until completing forming parts.
Preferably, the central axis of electron gun passes through the central point in region to be scanned, such as the central point in n1 areas.
Preferably, electronics beam scanning is carried out to whole working regions or subregion between each layer there or between different zones Preheating makes part different parts keep smaller temperature gradient.
Preferably, the forming process of entire quick forming fabri-cation method carries out under vacuumized conditions.
A kind of electron beam selective melting quick forming method of the present invention can effectively reduce the deflection angle of electron beam Degree, ensure that the beam spot shape of electron beam quality of beam and shaped region edge, is fused into so as to improve electronics beam scanning Melting pool shape and Energy distribution during shape.
Using forming method provided by the invention can manufactured parts size ratio do not possess powder bed and electron beam movement function The production of electron beam selective melting equipment big 3 times of accessory size or more, the manufacture size of part reaches infinitely great.In addition, this The measure that the forming method provided aids in scanning simultaneously preheating powder bed is invented, has had both the high ruler of electron beam powder compacting part The advantages of very little precision, high forming efficiency and high inside parts quality.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously Cannot the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention Protect scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：Step S1：It will Data after the sliced layered shaping of Three-dimensional Entity Components illustraton of model are imported in apparatus control system；Step S2：It is set by described Standby control system establishes rectangular coordinate system in powder bed working surface, determines reference axis X, Y and coordinate origin O；
    Step S3：Powder bed working surface electron beam scanning area is distinguished along X-axis and Y direction by the apparatus control system It is divided into the rectangular area of several equal sized grid types；
    Step S4：The individual-layer data tracing point that being precalculated by the apparatus control system will scan is established in step s 2 Rectangular coordinate system in coordinate position data, determine that the coordinate of the individual-layer data tracing point that will be scanned is belonging respectively to walk Which region in rapid S3；
    Step S5：Metal powder is laid with to powder bed working surface by powdering equipment；
    Step S6：By the apparatus control system and driving device electron gun is made to move along a straight line in the horizontal direction along X-axis, make institute Powder bed is stated to move along Y-axis in the horizontal direction, and according to given order and technological parameter successively to the individual-layer data of different zones Tracing point is scanned fusing；
    Step S7：Powder bed carrying platform declines certain altitude；
    Step S8：Step S4~S7 is repeated, until completing forming parts；
    In the step S6, electron beam is carried out to whole working regions or subregion between each layer there or between different zones Scanning preheating, makes part different parts keep smaller temperature gradient.
  2. 2. mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step S6 In, central point that the central axis of the electron gun passes through the rectangular area.
  3. 3. mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fast short-term training The forming process of type manufacturing method carries out under vacuumized conditions.
CN201610404088.2A 2016-06-08 2016-06-08 Mobile powder bed type electron beam quick forming fabri-cation method Active CN105945283B (en)

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CN106563805A (en) * 2016-10-18 2017-04-19 西安智熔金属打印系统有限公司 Additive manufacturing device and method
CN106825567B (en) * 2017-01-22 2018-12-11 清华大学 Electron beam selective melting and electron beam cut compound increasing material manufacturing method
CN106825569B (en) * 2017-03-02 2018-12-11 天津清研智束科技有限公司 Increasing material manufacturing method and increasing material manufacturing device with pre- heat function
CN106863796B (en) * 2017-04-12 2024-04-05 窦鹤鸿 Laser selective melting device, component and 3D printer
CN107755696A (en) * 2017-09-12 2018-03-06 西安智熔金属打印系统有限公司 Electron beam constituency pre-heating scan method
CN109622965B (en) * 2019-01-10 2021-07-16 西安智熔金属打印系统有限公司 Electron beam selective melting forming preheating scanning method
CN111215628B (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-11-24 西北有色金属研究院 Planning method for scanning path of 3D printing dot matrix material

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CN105034380A (en) * 2015-08-31 2015-11-11 苏州秉创科技有限公司 Color 3D (Three Dimensional) printer based on digitization micro jet process and shaping method based on color 3D printer

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CN104550950A (en) * 2014-11-24 2015-04-29 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 Laser scanning method for laser melting in selected area
CN104626585A (en) * 2015-01-27 2015-05-20 清华大学 Plane division method and plane division device used for SLA3D printer
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