CN105252145B - A kind of method and apparatus of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105252145B CN105252145B CN201510680929.8A CN201510680929A CN105252145B CN 105252145 B CN105252145 B CN 105252145B CN 201510680929 A CN201510680929 A CN 201510680929A CN 105252145 B CN105252145 B CN 105252145B
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- sheet metal
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- cutting
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P17/00—Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/12—Laminated parts
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and apparatus of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part, lift welding chamber, cutting bin and lift material storehouse are axially disposed with the bottom in sealing processing storehouse；Sealing processing storehouse is additionally provided with the material delivery mechanism controlled by industrial computer, the air compressor machine for providing suction to sucker that material delivery mechanism processes the telescopic mobile bar of storehouse madial wall including being located at sealing, is arranged on the sucker of telescopic mobile boom end and is arranged on outside sealing processing storehouse；This equipment cutting accuracy is high, and the parts size precision processed is within 5 microns；It is relatively low compared to metal powder material cost from sheet metal as moulding material；And will not cause the reduction of mechanical property because of material inside organization defect from metallic sheet stock, also it will not cause part deformation because of cumulative stress；Compared to the metal increases material manufacturing technology of powdery type, shaping efficiency improves more than 2 times, and the surface quality of workpieces molded is preferable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for material increasing field, more particularly to a kind of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part
And equipment.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing is commonly called as 3D printing again, is that the method successively added up using material by CAD design data manufactures entity
The technology of part, (machining) technology is removed relative to traditional material, is a kind of manufacture of " from bottom to top " material addition
Method.Compared to traditional manufacturing technology, increasing material manufacturing, which has, can be molded high, saving material of complicated shape part, formed precision etc.
Advantage.And metal increasing material manufacturing due to can directly manufacture compact structure, metallurgical binding high-precision metal part, become mesh
Preceding most popular manufacturing technology.
The moulding material of current metal increasing material manufacturing is mainly dusty material, according to different powder feeding patterns, is divided into preset
Formula powder feeding pattern and coaxial two kinds of pattern of dusting, wherein selective laser fusing and electron beam selective melting are exactly presetting system powder feeding mould
The representative technology of formula, laser near-net-shape is exactly the representative technology of coaxial pattern of dusting.The metal of this kind of dusty material increases material system
The technology of making can molding structure be fine and close, the metal parts of metallurgical binding, and some traditional cutting ways can be molded can not be into
The complicated shape part of type.
But there is also some following defects for the metal increases material manufacturing technology of dusty material：First, prealloy metal powder
The cost of powder material is higher；And each layer is required for melting by laser beam or electron beam scanning, the time of shaping is longer；Its
Secondary, the processing part scope of conventional metals printing is limited, and processing part scope main at present is in 250 × 250 × 250mm scopes
Within, it is limited in the straight forming of the relatively large part such as some Aero-Space, mould using upper；Finally, conventional metals 3D printing
The insurmountable problem of technology is that molding part internal stress is big, easily the defects such as nodularization, warpage and splashing occurs in forming process, makes
The metal parts surfaces versus rough that molds is deformed.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art to be manufactured there is provided a kind of superposition of sheet metal
The method and apparatus of complicated shape part.It is excellent that the present invention has that shaping efficiency is high, formed precision is high, material source is wide etc.
Point, can make up the deficiency of powder metalloid increasing material manufacturing.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part, including sealing processing storehouse, optical machining system and
Industrial computer 22, it is characterised in that：The bottom in the sealing processing storehouse is axially disposed with lift welding chamber 10, cutting bin 11
With lift material storehouse 12；Sealing processing storehouse is additionally provided with the material delivery mechanism controlled by industrial computer 22, the material conveyer
Structure includes the telescopic mobile bar 19 for being arranged on sealing processing storehouse madial wall, the suction for being arranged on the telescopic end of mobile bar 19
Disk 20 and the air compressor machine 21 for providing suction to sucker 20 being arranged on outside sealing processing storehouse；
The upper port position of the lift welding chamber 10, cutting bin 11 and lift material storehouse 12, the company of being respectively equipped with
Meet the absorption of workpieces mechanism of air compressor machine 21.
The sealing processing storehouse is provided with gas circulation filter 7, and gas circulation filter 7 is used to filter processed
The flue dust and impurity produced in journey.
The optical machining system includes optical fiber laser 1, beam expanding lens 2, galvanometer, the focus lamp 6 being sequentially connected；It is described to shake
Mirror is laser cutting galvanometer 4 or laser welding galvanometer 5.
The absorption of workpieces mechanism is suction pipe 16, and suction pipe 16 connects air compressor machine 21 by pipeline, passes through the absorption of suction pipe 16
Workpiece is fixed power.Air compressor machine 21 is to provide gas pressure for workpiece (material), and controls the intermittent opening and closing of air pressure.
Inert gas puff prot 19 is provided with inside the sealing processing storehouse, the connection of inert gas puff prot 19 is arranged on sealing
The inert gas holding vessel 8 processed outside storehouse.
The wavelength of optical fiber laser 1 is 1064nm, and 20~100W of laser power is adjustable, beam quality M2＜ 1.1.
The laser cutting galvanometer 4 incident light aperture is 30mm, and the response time is less than 1 microsecond, scanning range is 350 ×
350mm；The incident light aperture of laser welding galvanometer 5 be 20mm, the response time be less than 0.5 microsecond, scanning range be 250 ×
250mm.The focus lamp 6 is F- θ focus lamps.
The processing method of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part is as follows：
Step one：Three-dimensional modeling data processing
First, the vertical support bar that height is 2mm is added in sheet metal bottom, the connection of shaping substrate and thin plate is used as
Part, facilitates after process finishing and to cut down the part after shaping from shaping substrate；Then, add in the horizontal direction for thin plate
Plus three square positioning link bars, thin plate is accurately positioned in process, forming parts process is more consolidated；Most
Afterwards, the lamella thickness using shaping, as thickness, is 3 d part layering, then calculates each layer of outline data and crucial weldering
Contact position；
Step 2：Laser laminated processing
Sheet metal 17 is pushed up one layer by lift material storehouse 12, and sucker 20 holds the sheet metal 17, and by its
The top of cutting bin 11 is sent to, the edge of sheet metal 17 is adsorbed by suction pipe 16 and fixed, the metal dust of the generation of cutting
Blown away by inert gas puff prot 19；The control optical fiber laser 1 of industrial computer 22 sends continuous laser, is cut by beam expanding lens 2, laser
The control of galvanometer 4 and focus lamp 6 is cut, laser scanning cutting is carried out to sheet metal 17, the contour shape of this layer is cut out；Cutting
After end, the cutting clout 18 of sheet metal 17 falls into the bottom of cutting bin 11, obtains individual layer External Shape；Close cutting bin suction pipe
The individual layer External Shape of well cutting is sent in lift welding chamber 10 by suction, sucker 20, and suction pipe holds positioning link bar,
Optical fiber laser 1 switches to pulse mode, is clicked through using the key in the section of 5 pairs of individual layer External Shapes of laser welding galvanometer
Row welding, it is ensured that levels laminating is close；In laser weld process, indifferent gas is carried out to the machined surface of individual layer External Shape
Body is protected, and prevents machined surface from producing oxidation；Gas circulation purifier 7 filters out the flue dust and impurity produced in process；
After complete one layer of laser welding, shaping substrate declines one layer of height；So circulation, constantly superposition manufacture, until obtaining shaping zero
Terminate after part 15；
Step 3：Forming part post-processing step：
Support and the positioning link bar on forming part surface are removed, high pressure-temperature thermal diffusion welding is carried out to forming part；
Then forming part is heat-treated, discharges forming part internal residual stress.
The present invention has the following advantages and effect relative to prior art：
Lift welding chamber of the present invention, cutting bin and lift material storehouse are integrated in one；Sealing processing storehouse is additionally provided with
The material delivery mechanism controlled by industrial computer, the material delivery mechanism includes being arranged on the telescopic of sealing processing storehouse madial wall
Mobile bar, be arranged on the sucker of telescopic mobile boom end and be arranged on sealing processing storehouse outside be used for give sucker provide suction
The air compressor machine of power.
Gas circulation filter ensure that the gas in sealing processing storehouse is pure, will laser cutting and weldering in process
The impurity moments such as black flue dust, the material splashing of practicing midwifery raw siphon away, and are sealed by returning to clean gas after filter cleaning
Process in storehouse, it is ensured that the gas in sealing processing storehouse is pure.
Optical fiber laser of the present invention has higher precision and more preferable cutting effect compared to long wavelength laser.The laser can
To switch between continuous mode and pulse mode, it is applied not only to cut thin plate profile, is additionally operable between welding thin plate
Key point, wherein width of slit are less than 20 μm, and spot welding speed reaches 30 solder joints/s.
Present invention sealing processing storehouse is provided with the material delivery mechanism controlled by industrial computer, and its is scalable and in sealing processing
Moved freely inside storehouse.And in the upper port position of lift welding chamber, cutting bin and lift material storehouse, the company of being respectively equipped with
Meet the absorption of workpieces mechanism of air compressor machine.Ensure the stabilization of sheet metal in cutting process, make its underpart hanging, cut the gold produced
Category powder can in time be blown away by inert gas.Absorption of workpieces mechanism ensure that sheet metal connect storehouse, cutting process it is firm
It is brought into close contact, is accurately positioned, makes that tilting and sliding do not occur in process.
In summary.Technical measure is simple and easy to do, and cutting accuracy is high, and the parts size precision processed is micro- 5
Within rice；It is relatively low compared to metal powder material cost from sheet metal as moulding material；And select metallic sheet stock
The reduction of mechanical property will not be caused because of material inside organization defect (being such as mingled with), also will not cause part because of cumulative stress
Deformation；Compared to the metal increases material manufacturing technology of powdery type, shaping efficiency improves more than 2 times, the surface quality of workpieces molded compared with
It is good.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention.
Fig. 2 processes the top view in storehouse for present invention sealing.
Embodiment
The present invention is more specifically described in detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2.The equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part of the present invention, including sealing processing storehouse,
Optical machining system and industrial computer 22, it is characterised in that：The bottom in the sealing processing storehouse is axially disposed with lift weldering
Connect storehouse 10, cutting bin 11 and lift material storehouse 12；Sealing processing storehouse is additionally provided with the material conveyer controlled by industrial computer 22
Structure, the material delivery mechanism include be arranged on sealing processing storehouse madial wall telescopic mobile bar 19, be arranged on it is telescopic
The sucker 20 of the end of mobile bar 19 and the air compressor machine 21 for providing suction to sucker 20 being arranged on outside sealing processing storehouse；
The upper port position of the lift welding chamber 10, cutting bin 11 and lift material storehouse 12, the company of being respectively equipped with
Meet the absorption of workpieces mechanism of air compressor machine 21.
The sealing processing storehouse is provided with gas circulation filter 7, and gas circulation filter 7 is used to filter processed
The flue dust and impurity produced in journey.Gas circulation filter 7 be in order to ensure sealing processing storehouse in gas it is pure, it is processed
In journey will be cut by laser and welding produce black flue dust, material splash etc. impurity moment siphon away, and by filter cleaning after
Clean gas is returned in sealing processing storehouse.
The optical machining system includes optical fiber laser 1, beam expanding lens 2, galvanometer, the focus lamp 6 being sequentially connected；It is described to shake
Mirror is laser cutting galvanometer 4 or laser welding galvanometer 5.
The absorption of workpieces mechanism is suction pipe 16, and suction pipe 16 connects air compressor machine 21 by pipeline, passes through the absorption of suction pipe 16
Workpiece is fixed power.Air compressor machine 21 is to provide gas pressure for workpiece (material), and controls the intermittent opening and closing of air pressure.
Inert gas puff prot 19 is provided with inside the sealing processing storehouse, the connection of inert gas puff prot 19 is arranged on sealing
The inert gas holding vessel 8 processed outside storehouse.Inert gas holding vessel 8 is to provide inert gas shielding for equipment processing storehouse, is stored up
The inert gas deposited can be N2 or Ar, and the purity of inert gas is above 99.99%.
The wavelength of optical fiber laser 1 is 1064nm, and 20~100W of laser power is adjustable, beam quality M2＜ 1.1.Compare
Long wavelength laser has higher precision and more preferable cutting effect.The laser can enter between continuous mode and pulse mode
Row switching, is applied not only to cut thin plate profile, is additionally operable to weld the key point between thin plate, wherein width of slit is less than 20 μm,
Spot welding speed reaches 30 solder joints/s.
The laser cutting galvanometer 4 is using the Hurryscan30 models of scanlab companies, and incident light aperture is 30mm, is rung
It is less than 1 microsecond between seasonable, maximum scan scope is 350 × 350mm；The laser welding galvanometer 5 is using scanlab companies
Hurryscan20 models, incident light aperture be 20mm, the response time be less than 0.5 microsecond, maximum scan scope be 250 ×
250mm。
The focus lamp 6 is F- θ focus lamps, it is ensured that laser beam focus hot spot is always situated in processing plane, in light
Do not occur facula deviation in beam moving process.
The processing method of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part can be realized by following step：
Step one：Three-dimensional modeling data processing
First, the vertical support bar that height is 2mm is added in sheet metal bottom, the connection of shaping substrate and thin plate is used as
Part, facilitates after process finishing and to cut down the part after shaping from shaping substrate；Then, add in the horizontal direction for thin plate
Plus three square positioning link bars, thin plate is accurately positioned in process, forming parts process is more consolidated；Most
Afterwards, the lamella thickness using shaping, as thickness, is 3 d part layering, then calculates each layer of outline data and crucial weldering
Contact position；
Step 2：Laser laminated processing
Sheet metal 17 is pushed up one layer by lift material storehouse 12, and sucker 20 holds the sheet metal 17, and by its
The top of cutting bin 11 is sent to, the edge of sheet metal 17 is adsorbed by suction pipe 16 and fixed, the metal dust of the generation of cutting
Blown away in time by inert gas puff prot 19；The control optical fiber laser 1 of industrial computer 22 sends the continuous laser (laser of certain frequency
Beam 3)；By the control of beam expanding lens 2, laser cutting galvanometer 4 and focus lamp 6, laser scanning cutting is carried out to sheet metal 17, cut
Cut out the contour shape of this layer；After cutting terminates, the cutting clout 18 of sheet metal 17 falls into the bottom of cutting bin 11, obtains individual layer zero
Part profile；The suction of cutting bin suction pipe is closed, the individual layer External Shape of well cutting is sent to lift welding chamber 10 by sucker 20
In, suction pipe holds positioning link bar 23, it is ensured that be accurately positioned, and optical fiber laser 1 switches to pulse mode, using laser welding
Key point in the section of 5 pairs of individual layer External Shapes of galvanometer is welded, it is ensured that levels laminating is close；Laser welding is processed
During, inert gas shielding is carried out to the machined surface of individual layer External Shape, prevents machined surface from producing oxidation；Gas circulation is purified
Device 7 filters out the flue dust and impurity produced in process, it is ensured that gas is pure in processing storehouse；After complete one layer of laser welding,
Shaping substrate declines one layer of height；So circulation, constantly superposition manufacture, until obtaining terminating after forming part 15；
Step 3：Forming part post-processing step：
Support and the positioning link bar on forming part surface are removed, high pressure-temperature thermal diffusion welding is carried out to forming part,
Increase the consistency of part；Then forming part is heat-treated, discharges forming part internal residual stress, lifting shaping zero
Part comprehensive mechanical property.
The scope of forming part of the present invention can be cut by laser within 350 × 350 × 350mm scopes, but by changing
Mode, replaces with the driving of x-y axles linear electric motors by vibration mirror scanning type cutting, can cut out high-precision arbitrary size and (generally exist
Part single sheet profile 500mm), and control system is called in by data layer by layer, it can once cut multiple synusia profiles
Data, then position cutting profile, are scanned and welded from manipulator, realize a wide range of fast precise welding, layer by layer accumulation weldering
The forming part for obtaining finally, forming part size substantially exceeds the gold of current main flow more than 500 × 500 × 500mm scopes
Belong to 3D printing equipment part shaping scope.
As described above, the present invention can be better realized.
Embodiments of the present invention are simultaneously not restricted to the described embodiments, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention
With the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplify, should be equivalent substitute mode, be included in the present invention
Within protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part, including sealing processing storehouse, optical machining system and work
Control machine (22), it is characterised in that：The bottom in the sealing processing storehouse is axially disposed with lift welding chamber (10), cutting bin
And lift material storehouse (12) (11)；Sealing processing storehouse is additionally provided with the material delivery mechanism controlled by industrial computer (22), the material
Material transport mechanism includes being arranged on the telescopic mobile bar (19) of sealing processing storehouse madial wall, is arranged on telescopic mobile bar
(19) sucker (20) of end and the air compressor machine (21) for providing suction to sucker (20) being arranged on outside sealing processing storehouse；
The upper port position of the lift welding chamber (10), cutting bin (11) and lift material storehouse (12), is respectively equipped with
Connect the absorption of workpieces mechanism of air compressor machine (21).
2. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described close
Envelope processing storehouse is provided with gas circulation filter (7), and gas circulation filter (7) is used for what is produced in filtration process
Flue dust and impurity.
3. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The light
Learn optical fiber laser (1), beam expanding lens (2), galvanometer, focus lamp (6) that system of processing includes being sequentially connected；The galvanometer is laser
Cut galvanometer (4) or laser welding galvanometer (5).
4. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The work
Part adsorbing mechanism is suction pipe (16), and suction pipe (16) connects air compressor machine (21) by pipeline, by the absorption affinity of suction pipe (16) by work
Part is fixed, and air compressor machine (21) is to provide gas pressure for workpiece, and controls the intermittent opening and closing of air pressure.
5. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part according to any one of claim 1 to 4, its feature
It is：Inert gas puff prot (9) is provided with inside the sealing processing storehouse, inert gas puff prot (9) connection is arranged on sealing
The inert gas holding vessel (8) processed outside storehouse.
6. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The light
Fibre laser (1) wavelength is 1064nm, and 20~100W of laser power is adjustable, beam quality M2＜ 1.1.
7. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described to swash
Light cutting galvanometer (4) incident light aperture is 30mm, and the response time is less than 1 microsecond, and scanning range is 350 × 350mm；The laser
Welding galvanometer (5) incident light aperture is 20mm, and the response time is less than 0.5 microsecond, and scanning range is 250 × 250mm.
8. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described poly-
Burnt mirror (6) is F- θ focus lamps.
9. prepared using the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part any one of claim 1 to 8 complicated
The method of Shape Parts, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：Three-dimensional modeling data processing
First, the vertical support bar that height is 2mm is added in sheet metal bottom, shaping substrate and the connecting portion of thin plate is used as
Point, facilitate after process finishing and to cut down the part after shaping from shaping substrate；Then, added in the horizontal direction for thin plate
Three square positioning link bars, make thin plate to be accurately positioned in process, forming parts process is more consolidated；Most
Afterwards, the lamella thickness using shaping, as thickness, is 3 d part layering, then calculates each layer of outline data and crucial weldering
Contact position；
Step 2：Laser laminated processing
Sheet metal (17) is pushed up one layer by lift material storehouse (12), and sucker (20) holds the sheet metal (17), and
Send it to above cutting bin (11), the edge of sheet metal (17) is adsorbed by suction pipe (16) and fixed, the generation of cutting
Metal dust blown away by inert gas puff prot (9)；Industrial computer (22) control optical fiber laser (1) sends continuous laser, leads to
The control of beam expanding lens (2), laser cutting galvanometer (4) and focus lamp (6) is crossed, laser scanning cutting is carried out to sheet metal (17),
Cut out the contour shape of this layer；After cutting terminates, sheet metal (17) cutting clout (18) falls into cutting bin (11) bottom, obtains
To individual layer External Shape；The suction of cutting bin suction pipe is closed, the individual layer External Shape of well cutting is sent to lifting by sucker (20)
In formula welding chamber (10), suction pipe holds positioning link bar, and optical fiber laser (1) switches to pulse mode, using laser welding
Galvanometer (5) is welded to the key point in the section of the individual layer External Shape, it is ensured that levels laminating is close；Laser welding adds
During work, inert gas shielding is carried out to the machined surface of individual layer External Shape, prevents machined surface from producing oxidation；Gas circulation mistake
Filter device (7) filters out the flue dust and impurity produced in process；After complete one layer of laser welding, shaping substrate declines one layer
Highly；So circulation, constantly superposition manufacture, until terminating after obtaining forming part (15).
10. the equipment of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part prepares complicated shape part according to claim 9
Method, it is characterised in that including forming part post-processing step：
Support and the positioning link bar on forming part surface are removed, high pressure-temperature thermal diffusion welding is carried out to forming part；Then
Forming part is heat-treated, forming part internal residual stress is discharged.
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| CN201510680929.8A CN105252145B (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2015-10-19 | A kind of method and apparatus of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part |
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| CN201510680929.8A CN105252145B (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2015-10-19 | A kind of method and apparatus of sheet metal superposition manufacture complicated shape part |
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| CN103726049A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-16 | 武汉新瑞达激光工程有限责任公司 | Laser additive manufacturing method and device of metal parts |
| CN104588649A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-05-06 | 西安交通大学 | Process for directly forming metal part of cantilever structure through laser light |
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