CN203265634U - Substrate sample used for selecting parameters of metal parts manufactured through laser melting technology - Google Patents
Substrate sample used for selecting parameters of metal parts manufactured through laser melting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN203265634U CN203265634U CN2013202922156U CN201320292215U CN203265634U CN 203265634 U CN203265634 U CN 203265634U CN 2013202922156 U CN2013202922156 U CN 2013202922156U CN 201320292215 U CN201320292215 U CN 201320292215U CN 203265634 U CN203265634 U CN 203265634U
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Abstract
Provided is a substrate sample used for selecting parameters of metal parts manufactured through a laser melting technology. The substrate sample comprises a metal substrate, wherein a layer of metal powder is paved on the metal substrate, the thickness of the metal powder is 0.01mm-0.06mm, a scanning line formed by scanning a laser on the metal powder is divided into a substrate lower part dissolved under the surface of the metal substrate and a substrate upper part exposed to the surface of the metal substrate, and the coefficient of the thickness ratio of the substrate upper part and the substrate lower part is 2-3. By the adoption of a series of technical tests, corresponding detection tests are combined, so that the optimal parameter range of laser melting forming of different metal powder materials is determined, and the situation of independent selection in the current industry is normalized. Therefore, the parameter selection problem of the metal parts formed by the selective laser melting technology is solved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to energy and reclaims and utilize technical field, especially relates to the substrate sample that a kind of laser fusion technology is made metal parts parameter choice for use.
Background technology
Selective laser melting (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) forming technique is that the 3D that development in recent years is got up prints new technology.At first with manufactured part proE or UG digital model file (most STL form) input computer, carry out slicing treatment through program along part a direction, then it utilize laser to part section carry out selective scanning.This process can according to integral principle, be layering directly with fusion of metal powder, finally is piled into required parts.Therefore, this technology also is classified as the growth manufacturing technology.
At present, this technology has been used for the direct manufacturing of the extraordinary parts of Aero-Space and personalized medicine graft (as bone, tooth etc.).But also can combine with other forming technology, the various special parts of composite manufacturing.Be easy to because equipment adopts the high-power high-energy density laser that metal dust absorbs, can be shaped all kinds of refractory metals and compound for the shaping that solves high-melting-point, high rigidity, brittle materials provides solution, have been opened up extensively its application simultaneously.
Along with the rapid progress of laser instrument manufacturing technology and technique, adopt laser as the correlation technique of manufacturing process also at development.The particularly marketization of the maturation of high power laser manufacturing technology and corresponding laser instrument has greatly promoted the development of SLM technology.Especially the manufacturing efficient of SLM technology has obtained increasing substantially, and makes the also expansion to some extent of material kind of parts.
Although the SLM technology is applied in more areas, but with regard to SLM technology itself, in the middle of Fabrication parameter, at least laser power, laser scanning speed, laser scanning spacing are determining the input status of laser energy, and under the effect of high power laser, the selection of above-mentioned parameter can be carried out in comparatively wide scope, and must be in conjunction with metal powder material different fusing point and heat-transfer character, the seam state after fusion of metal powder particularly, cause difficulty therefore for the choice and optimization of forming technology, and then affected forming quality.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to design the system of selection that a kind of novel laser fusion technology is made the metal parts parameter, addresses the above problem.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is as follows:
A kind of laser fusion technology is made the system of selection of metal parts parameter, comprises that step is as follows:
The first step is laid the layer of metal powder on the metal substrate of preform part, thickness range is 0.01mm-0.06mm; The particle size range 10 μ m-60 μ m of described metal dust;
Second step utilizes three-dimensional mapping software to make the cuboid figure, and its cross section is rectangle;
The 3rd step, set initial technological parameter, wherein, and laser scanning spacing＞1mm, laser power＞100W, the laser scanning speed scope is 400mm/s-1000mm/s; Metal dust with on the described metal substrate of described initial technological parameter scanning carries out the rectangular scanning experiment, makes fusion of metal powder, forms one group of scan line;
The 4th step, the parameter of the laser scanning speed in the selection Fabrication parameter;
The 5th step, the laser power in the selection Fabrication parameter and the parameter of laser scanning spacing;
The 6th step, adopt above-mentioned selected Fabrication parameter to form experiment, the coupon of shaping cuboid, the volume size is at 1cm
3The left and right;
The 7th step, adopt the method for line cutting that described coupon is cut down, and adopt its defective of XRD test of flaw detection, then adopt Archimedes's draining method of testing to check its density;
When its density does not reach 100%, improving laser power, or reduce laser scanning speed and laser scanning spacing, then repeat the above-mentioned method of inspection;
When its density reaches 100%, terminating operation.
Preferably, in the 4th step, select the parameter of the laser scanning speed in Fabrication parameter, concrete grammar is as follows:
A first adopts and visually observes described scan line, when described scan line generation non-continuous event, reduces laser scanning speed, until visually observe less than described non-continuous event;
B adopts enlarging instrument to carry out multiplication factor and observes, the described non-continuous event of careful differentiation; Until the width of described scan line is consistent along its length, error is in ± 0.001 scope; Determine the laser scanning speed of laser scanning speed corresponding under this parameter for adopting in this shaping of metal powders.
Preferably, described scan line generation non-continuous event refers to, and is uneven along length of scanning line direction thickness.
Preferably, adopt enlarging instrument to carry out multiplication factor and observe, specifically refer to adopt the further multiplication factor of optical metallographic microscope to observe.
Preferably, in the 5th step, the laser power in the selection Fabrication parameter and the parameter of laser scanning spacing, concrete grammar is as follows:
A, take the aforementioned paving bisque that has determined thick with laser scanning speed as one of Fabrication parameter, the described laser power of the step-size change take scope as 20W-50W becomes several groups, proceeds the experiment of described rectangular scanning, the laser scanning spacing is still 1mm, forms new scan line;
B, the related described metal substrate of several groups of good described new scan lines is made cross section electron microscope sample with being shaped;
C observes described new scan line and the seam degree of depth of described metal substrate and the height of scan line protuberance;
When the ratio of the seam degree of depth and bump height is between 2-3, determine that this interval laser power is set point value;
Half determined value as described laser scanning spacing take this laser power lower tracer width.
Preferably, in the situation that satisfy other conditions, select as far as possible less laser power.
A kind of laser fusion technology is made the substrate sample of metal parts parameter choice for use, comprises metal substrate, is equipped with the layer of metal powder on described metal substrate, and thickness range is 0.01mm-0.06mm; Laser scanning is divided into the substrate bottom part of dissolving under described metallic substrate surfaces and is exposed to substrate top part on described metallic substrate surfaces at formed scan line on described metal dust, and the thickness ratio coefficient between described substrate top part and described substrate bottom part is 2-3.
Preferably, the particle size range 10 μ m-60 μ m of described metal dust.
Preferably, the thickness ratio coefficient between described substrate top part and described substrate bottom part is 2.5.
The so-called seam degree of depth of the utility model refers to that scan line is at metal substrate bottom thickness; The height of so-called scan line protuberance refers to that scan line is in the metal substrate upper height.
Select and optimization problem for the parameter that solves selective laser melting technology Prototyping Metal Parts, the utility model has provided a kind of parameter selection and optimization method based on the laser fusion Prototyping Metal Parts in conjunction with experiment.
The utility model realizes that the technical scheme that purpose of design adopts is, a kind of laser fusion technology is made the selection new method of metal parts parameter, and the method is shaped to metal powder material scanning fusing by laser instrument, galvanometer system and supporting computer control software program.When shaping related to metal dust, the utility model adopted actual SLM formation system to utilize the paving powder system to carry out metal dust on the form metal substrate and lays in advance, and in then employing system, existing scanning imaging system carries out line sweep and block structure scanning.The block cross section is mainly square, extract cross section information by controlling software in scanning process, the control of computer, laser instrument successively scan according to the cross section information of part model, every layer of solid metal powder is under laser scanning after melt-forming, repaving pad one deck solid metal powder is that next laser scanning is prepared, and successively scanning is until complete whole forming process.
After the corresponding end that is shaped, will scan shaped portion and make test samples, carry out necessary detection by means of electron microscope and XRD defectoscope, assess for the shaping situation according to certain standard.The block part that is shaped finally also need adopt Archimedes's water discharge method to carry out density for sample and detect, and then determines final Optimal Parameters combination.
When shaping related to metal dust, the utility model adopted actual SLM formation system to utilize the paving powder system to carry out metal dust on the form metal substrate and lays in advance, and in then employing system, existing scanning imaging system carries out line sweep and block structure scanning.The block cross section is mainly square, extract cross section information by controlling software in scanning process, the control of computer, laser instrument successively scan according to the cross section information of part model, every layer of solid metal powder is under laser scanning after melt-forming, repaving pad one deck solid metal powder is that next laser scanning is prepared, and successively scanning is until complete whole forming process.It is characterized in that: adopt the computer control galvanometer system, thereby make laser complete scanning according to the scanning pattern of appointment, the division of scanning area is to complete by computer control software and supporting routine processes, and laser energy, effect interval and number of times are all to complete control work by computer system.
The utility model is determined the laser scanning speed of shaping of metal powders by the continuity degree of scan line.
The technical scheme that adopts is, carry out the entity forming of gainer by laser instrument, galvanometer and supporting computer control software program, comprise that scan line and 3D solid are shaped, and by optical metallographic microscope, electronic scanner microscope and XRD and Archimedes's draining measurement means, the quality description amount relevant to above-mentioned shaping tested, and then adjust and optimize Fabrication parameter, finally reach the metal parts of making full density.The beneficial effects of the utility model are to adopt a series of technical experiment, and in conjunction with corresponding test experience, determine the optimal parameter scope that different metal dusty material laser fusion is shaped, the situation that current this type of industry of standardizing is done things in his own way.
The beneficial effects of the utility model can be summarized as follows:
1, the utility model adopts a series of technical experiment, and in conjunction with corresponding test experience, determines the optimal parameter scope that different metal dusty material laser fusion is shaped, the situation that current this type of industry of standardizing is done things in his own way.
2, the utility model is shaped to metal powder material scanning fusing by laser instrument, galvanometer system and supporting computer control software program.The technological parameters such as the laser power in the middle of progressively determining by a series of technology experiments, laser scanning speed, laser scanning spacing.Thereby solve the problem of parameter selection of selective laser melting technology Prototyping Metal Parts, the utility model has provided a kind of parameter based on the laser fusion Prototyping Metal Parts in conjunction with experiment and has selected new method.
3, the utility model process is simple, and is workable, and implementation cost is cheap.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the utility model makes fusion of metal powder form the schematic diagram of scan line on metal substrate;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the related metal substrate making of several groups of scan lines cross section electron microscope sample that it is good that the utility model will be shaped.
The specific embodiment
Clearer for technical problem, technical scheme and beneficial effect that the utility model is solved, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explaining the utility model, and be not used in restriction the utility model.
A kind of laser fusion technology is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 made the system of selection of metal parts parameter, comprises that step is as follows:
The first step is laid the layer of metal powder on the metal substrate of preform part, thickness range is 0.01mm-0.06mm; The particle size range 10 μ m-60 μ m of described metal dust;
Second step utilizes three-dimensional mapping software to make the cuboid figure, and its cross section is rectangle;
The 3rd step, set initial technological parameter, wherein, and laser scanning spacing＞1mm, laser power＞100W, the laser scanning speed scope is 400mm/s-1000mm/s; Metal dust with on the described metal substrate of described initial technological parameter scanning carries out the rectangular scanning experiment, makes fusion of metal powder, forms one group of scan line;
The 4th step, the parameter of the laser scanning speed in the selection Fabrication parameter;
The 5th step, the laser power in the selection Fabrication parameter and the parameter of laser scanning spacing;
The 6th step, adopt above-mentioned selected Fabrication parameter to form experiment, the coupon of shaping cuboid, the volume size is at 1cm
3The left and right;
The 7th step, adopt the method for line cutting that described coupon is cut down, and adopt its defective of XRD test of flaw detection, then adopt Archimedes's draining method of testing to check its density;
When its density does not reach 100%, improving laser power, or reduce laser scanning speed and laser scanning spacing, then repeat the above-mentioned method of inspection;
When its density reaches 100%, terminating operation.
In a preferred embodiment, in the 4th step, select the parameter of the laser scanning speed in Fabrication parameter, concrete grammar is as follows:
A first adopts and visually observes described scan line, when described scan line generation non-continuous event, reduces laser scanning speed, until visually observe less than described non-continuous event;
B adopts enlarging instrument to carry out multiplication factor and observes, the described non-continuous event of careful differentiation; Until the width of described scan line is consistent along its length, error is in ± 0.001 scope; Determine the laser scanning speed of laser scanning speed corresponding under this parameter for adopting in this shaping of metal powders.
Described scan line generation non-continuous event refers to, and is uneven along length of scanning line direction thickness.
Adopt enlarging instrument to carry out multiplication factor and observe, specifically refer to adopt the further multiplication factor of optical metallographic microscope to observe.
In the 5th step, the laser power in the selection Fabrication parameter and the parameter of laser scanning spacing, concrete grammar is as follows:
A, take the aforementioned paving bisque that has determined thick with laser scanning speed as one of Fabrication parameter, the described laser power of the step-size change take scope as 20W-50W becomes several groups, proceeds the experiment of described rectangular scanning, the laser scanning spacing is still 1mm, forms new scan line;
B, the related described metal substrate of several groups of good described new scan lines is made cross section electron microscope sample with being shaped;
C observes described new scan line and the seam degree of depth of described metal substrate and the height of scan line protuberance;
When the ratio of the seam degree of depth and bump height is between 2-3, determine that this interval laser power is set point value;
Half determined value as described laser scanning spacing take this laser power lower tracer width.
In the embodiment that is more preferably, in the 5th step, in the situation that satisfy other conditions, select as far as possible less laser power.
A kind of laser fusion technology is made the substrate sample of metal parts parameter choice for use, comprises metal substrate, is equipped with the layer of metal powder on described metal substrate, and thickness range is 0.01mm-0.06mm; Laser scanning is divided into the substrate bottom part of dissolving under described metallic substrate surfaces and is exposed to substrate top part on described metallic substrate surfaces at formed scan line on described metal dust, and the thickness ratio coefficient between described substrate top part and described substrate bottom part is 2-3.
In a preferred embodiment, the particle size range 10 μ m-60 μ m of described metal dust.
In the embodiment that is more preferably, the thickness ratio coefficient between described substrate top part and described substrate bottom part is 2.5.
The utility model is made the equipment of metallic element mainly for metal dust pre-deposition formula laser fusion, equipment mainly is configured to laser instrument, galvanometer system, mechanism system and supporting computer control software program.The forming process of part is: the required metal dust of place mat forming metal product in forming cavity at first, process the cross section information of extracting institute's forming metal product by computer, the control of computer, laser instrument successively carry out scanning moulding according to the sectional view of model, every layer of metal dust is under laser scanning after melt-forming, re-laying lower one deck metal dust is that next laser scanning is prepared, and successively scanning is until complete whole forming process.
Above scanning pattern for the serial section zone is for can utilize the described all kinds of curves of mathematical method.The laser instrument that adopts is optical fiber laser, YAG laser instrument etc., and its optical maser wavelength is shorter, is easy to absorb into metal dust.The corresponding galvanometer of above-mentioned laser instrument is controlled its light path, and galvanometer is arranged on the top of formation system.
Below in conjunction with embodiment of the present utility model, illustrate implementation of the present utility model.The wherein class laser instrument that the utility model adopts is optical fiber laser, optical maser wavelength is 1.06 μ m, spot diameter can be fine to below 30 μ m, and this wavelength laser is easy to as metal dust absorbs, and below in conjunction with example, the utility model is described in further detail.
In certain preferred embodiment:
At first lay the layer of metal powder on the metal substrate of preform part, metal dust particle size range 10 μ m-60 μ m, the metal dust thickness range is 0.01mm-0.06mm.Utilize three-dimensional mapping software to make the cuboid figure, its cross section is rectangle.Then setting laser sweep span＞1mm, laser power＞100W, the laser scanning speed scope is 400mm/s-1000mm/s.With the metal dust on above-mentioned initial technological parameter scanning metal substrate, result must make fusion of metal powder, forms one group of scan line (as shown in Figure 1).
At first select the parameter of the laser scanning speed in Fabrication parameter, concrete grammar is as follows:
The scan line that forms under one group of laser parameter effect, at first adopt and visually observe, if scan line generation non-continuous event (uneven along length of scanning line direction thickness), need to reduce laser scanning speed, visually observe in the situation less than difference, should adopt the further multiplication factor of optical metallographic microscope to observe, careful differentiation non-continuous event.Until scanning line width is consistent along its length, error is in ± 0.001 scope.Determine the laser scanning speed of laser scanning speed corresponding under this parameter for adopting in this shaping of metal powders.
Then select laser power and laser scanning spacing parameter in Fabrication parameter, concrete grammar is as follows:
After determining laser scanning speed, take the paving bisque that determines thick with laser scanning speed as one of Fabrication parameter, take certain step-length (the step-length scope is as 20W-50W) change laser power (＞100W) become several groups, proceed the rectangular scanning experiment, the laser scanning spacing is still 1mm.The related metal substrate of several groups of scan lines that is shaped good is made cross section electron microscope sample, as shown in Figure 2, observe the laser fusion metal dust and become the seam degree of depth (metal substrate bottom thickness) of scan line and metal substrate and the height (metal substrate upper height) that scan line swells, when the ratio of the seam degree of depth and bump height is between 2-3, determine that this interval laser power is set point value.And take energy savings as principle, select as far as possible less laser power.And take half determined value as the laser scanning spacing of this laser power lower tracer width.
At last, adopt above-mentioned selected Fabrication parameter to form experiment, shaping cuboid coupon, the volume size is in the 1cm3 left and right.Adopt the method for line cutting that coupon is cut down after being shaped, and adopt its defective of XRD test of flaw detection, then adopt Archimedes's draining method of testing to check its density.When its density does not reach 100%, for improving laser power or reduction laser scanning speed and laser scanning spacing, repeat the above-mentioned method of inspection, until reaching, the density of coupon is close to 100%.
More than by the detailed description of concrete and preferred embodiment the utility model; but those skilled in the art should be understood that; the utility model is not limited to the above embodiment; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle; any modification of doing, be equal to replacement etc., within all should being included in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (3)
1. a laser fusion technology is made the substrate sample of metal parts parameter choice for use, and it is characterized in that: comprise metal substrate, be equipped with the layer of metal powder on described metal substrate, thickness range is 0.01mm-0.06mm; Laser scanning is divided into the substrate bottom part of dissolving under described metallic substrate surfaces and is exposed to substrate top part on described metallic substrate surfaces at formed scan line on described metal dust, and the thickness ratio coefficient between described substrate top part and described substrate bottom part is 2-3.
2. substrate sample according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the particle size range 10 μ m-60 μ m of described metal dust.
3. substrate sample according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thickness ratio coefficient between described substrate top part and described substrate bottom part is 2.5.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103962556A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-08-06 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Pure titanium powder forming method based on selected area laser melting technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103962556A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-08-06 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Pure titanium powder forming method based on selected area laser melting technology |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Owner name: HEILONGJIANG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: HARBIN DEYU JIANXING SCIENCE + TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20140711 |
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| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| C53 | Correction of patent for invention or patent application | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Xiao Shengbing Inventor after: Wu Tong Inventor after: Zhao Weiling Inventor after: Liu Jinhui Inventor after: Qian Bo Inventor before: Liu Jinhui Inventor before: Qian Bo Inventor before: Xiao Shengbing Inventor before: Wu Tong |
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| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 150076 HARBIN, HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE TO: 150022 HARBIN, HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: LIU JINHUI QIAN BO XIAO SHENGBING WU TONG TO: XIAO SHENGBING WU TONG ZHAO WEILING LIU JINHUI QIAN BO |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20140711 Address after: 150022 Songbei, Heilongjiang, Pu Pu Road, No. 2468, No. Patentee after: Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology Address before: The new rural small Daoli District Beitun village 150076 Heilongjiang city of Harbin Province Patentee before: Harbin Deyujianxing Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20131106 Termination date: 20140527 |