CN110742210A - Fish hemorrhagic disease prevention and treatment feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fish hemorrhagic disease prevention and treatment feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fish hemorrhagic disease prevention and control feed, a preparation method and an application thereof. Practice proves that the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease has good fish growth, does not generate the condition of hemorrhagic disease infection or can be controlled and solved in time after hemorrhagic disease occurs, and meanwhile, the feed does not adopt medicine components, does not generate medicine residue and has low cost; comprehensively, economic losses of farmers caused by hemorrhagic disease can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a fish culture technology, and particularly relates to a feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The fish hemorrhagic disease is epidemic from the middle of the 80's of the 20 th century and spread in various freshwater aquaculture fields in China. The disease can harm various fishes, common freshwater fishes almost all suffer from the disease, and the morbidity is usually 60-100%. The disease occurrence condition occurs in pond culture, pond culture or reservoir culture, the yield can be reduced by more than 20-50%, and the economic loss is huge.
The fish hemorrhagic disease can be divided into 3 types according to the difference of bleeding parts, namely, the fish hemorrhagic disease is of a red muscle type, the body surface of a diseased fish has no obvious hemorrhagic symptoms or only shows slight punctate bleeding, but the muscle is obviously hyperemic, the muscle of the whole body is red, and meanwhile, the gill-silk gill flap has serious blood loss, white gill appears, sometimes accompanied by ascites, the intestinal tract has no food, hyperemia and non-erosion, and the disease has luster, and is generally common in smaller grass carp species; red fin and red gill cover type, the gill cover, fin base, vertex of head, oral cavity, orbit and other parts of the diseased fish are obviously hyperemic, sometimes hyperemic phenomenon or massive hemorrhage exists under the scales, but muscle hyperemia is not obvious or local punctiform hemorrhage is common in grass carp species above the scales; the intestinal inflammation type is not obvious in congestion of the body surface and muscles of diseased fish, but the intestinal tract is seriously congested, the whole or part of the intestinal tract is bright red, and the mesentery, fat and swim bladder walls are sometimes somewhat congested. These three types of symptoms cannot be separated clearly, and many of them occur simultaneously and are mixed together.
The fish hemorrhagic disease begins to outbreak when the water temperature is above 20 ℃, the outbreak of the grass carp hemorrhagic disease also presents an obvious outbreak sequence of the regions due to the climate difference of the regions, the disease is firstly discovered in Guangdong province every year, sporadic cases generally begin from 2 months, and the outbreak peak is in 5 months; the middle region begins to appear in the middle and late ten days of the general 4 months. The disease disappears in high temperature season, and the water temperature will appear after falling in autumn.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the feed for preventing and treating the fish hemorrhagic disease, and the preparation method and the application thereof, which can prevent and treat the fish hemorrhagic disease.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease comprises animal feed, plant feed, oil, vitamins and minerals.
The preparation method of the feed for preventing and treating the fish hemorrhagic disease comprises the following steps of mixing animal feed, plant feed, grease, vitamins and minerals to obtain the feed for preventing and treating the fish hemorrhagic disease.
Preferably, the plant feed is treated by zymophyte, so that the prevention and control effect on hemorrhagic disease is improved; the fermentation bacteria comprise one or more of candida tropicalis, beer yeast, clostridium butyricum, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus niger, and the specific fermentation process is selected according to different conventional strains.
According to the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease, the mass percent of the animal feed is 25-50%, the mass percent of the grease is 10-30%, and preferably, the mass percent of the animal feed is 35-45%, and the mass percent of the grease is 18-25%. The creativity of the feed lies in the formula combination of animal feed and grease, the dosage of plant feed, vitamins and mineral substances is conventional technology, and the feed of the invention aims at herbivorous fish or carnivorous fish and carnivorous fish to increase the proportion of animal protein feed; preferably, the vitamin is 0.5-1.5%, the mineral is 1-5%, and the balance is vegetable feed.
The animal feed comprises animal viscera powder, lard residue, chicken powder, meat and bone powder and fish powder, preferably, in the feed for preventing and treating hemorrhagic disease of fishes, the mass sum of the animal viscera powder, the lard residue and the chicken powder is more than or equal to 10 percent; the oil comprises phospholipid, terrestrial animal oil, fish oil and soybean oil, and preferably, in the feed for preventing and treating the hemorrhagic disease of the fish, the phospholipid is more than or equal to 3 percent and the terrestrial animal oil is more than or equal to 2 percent according to the mass percentage.
The invention discloses application of the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease in preparation of a fish hemorrhagic disease preventing and treating drug.
The invention overcomes the technical bias that only Chinese herbal medicines can solve the fish hemorrhagic disease in the prior art, adopts the feed combination with the adjusted proportion to effectively realize the prevention and the treatment of the fish hemorrhagic disease, further improves the prevention and the treatment effect by combining a fermentation method, and obtains unexpected technical effects.
Practice proves that the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease has good fish growth, does not generate the condition of hemorrhagic disease infection or can be controlled and solved in time after hemorrhagic disease occurs, and meanwhile, the feed does not adopt medicine components, does not generate medicine residue and has low cost; comprehensively, economic losses of farmers caused by hemorrhagic disease can be effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a diseased micropterus salmoides.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the feed for preventing and treating the fish hemorrhagic disease comprises the following step of mixing animal feed, plant feed, grease, vitamins and mineral substances to obtain the feed for preventing and treating the fish hemorrhagic disease.
Further, the plant feed is fermented and then mixed with the animal feed, the grease, the vitamins and the minerals to obtain the feed for preventing and treating the hemorrhagic disease of the fish.
In the invention, the animal feed comprises animal internal organ powder, lard residue, chicken powder, meat and bone powder and fish powder, and preferably the animal feed comprises the animal internal organ powder, the lard residue, the chicken powder, the meat and bone powder and the fish powder; the oil and fat comprises phospholipid, terrestrial animal oil, fish oil, and soybean oil, preferably phospholipid, terrestrial animal oil, fish oil, and soybean oil, and the terrestrial animal oil comprises lard and beef tallow.
In the embodiment of the invention, the conventional fish culture method in the field is adopted before or after the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease is fed. The raw materials related to the invention are all purchased conventionally, for example, the specific raw materials in table 1 such as animal feed, grease, plant feed, vitamins, minerals and the like are all conventional fish culture feed, and the creativity of the invention is not in preparation of new raw materials but in the composition proportion of the existing raw materials.
Example one
The feed for preventing and treating the fish hemorrhagic disease is prepared by mixing animal feed, plant feed, grease, vitamins and mineral substances, and the specific formula is shown in table 1 (the numerical values are parts by mass), wherein the feed II and the feed III adopt fermented plant feed, and the feed I, the feed IV, the feed V and the feed VI adopt unfermented plant feed.
Adding activated zymophyte into the mixture of plant feed powder and sterile water, fermenting at a constant temperature to obtain fermented plant feed, and mixing with other components of the feed to prepare pellet feed; wherein the inoculation amount of the strain is 3.5 percent of the mass of the vegetable feed. Specifically, in the second feed, the plant feed is fermented for 3 days at 37 ℃ by bacillus subtilis (conventional strain); in the third feed, the plant feed is fermented for 3 days at 30 ℃ by aspergillus niger (conventional strains).
Model experiment
By applying inducement, the micropterus salmoides successfully induced bleeding symptoms within 2 days (as shown in figure 1), and the modeling was successful, eight groups (a control group, a feed group, a.
The control group was fed with the current commercial feed normally, and the other groups were fed with the feed of example one by the normal feeding method.
The bleeding disease of the feed group is slightly improved on 8 th day after the modeling is successful, but the bleeding symptom is not disappeared all the time, and the death of the micropterus salmoides appears on 12 th day; the bleeding disease of the second group of feed is obviously improved on the 3 rd day after the modeling is successful, and the bleeding symptom disappears on the 4 th day; the bleeding disease of the three groups of feeds on the 3 rd day after the modeling is successful is obviously improved, and the bleeding symptom disappears on the 5 th day; the bleeding disease of the fourth group of feed and the fifth group of feed is obviously improved after the modeling is successful on the 2 nd day, and the bleeding disease symptom disappears on the 3 rd day; the bleeding disease of the six groups of feeds is slightly improved on the 3 rd day after the modeling is successful, the bleeding disease is obviously improved on the 5 th day, and the bleeding symptom disappears on the 8 th day.
The same modeling method is adopted to obtain the bleeding disease models of grass carp, crucian carp and yellow catfish, the same feeding method (feed III) is adopted, the bleeding disease of grass carp (100 g), crucian carp (40g) and yellow catfish (20g) is obviously improved on days 2, 3 and 3 respectively, and the bleeding symptoms disappear on days 3, 5 and 5 respectively.
In the same way, the disease of the micropterus salmoides in the control group is obviously aggravated, death is carried out from day 2 to day 5, 31 death accounts for 69 percent in three repeated tests (45 fish) within 30 days, the feed intake of the rest fishes is reduced, and the growth is decelerated. Grass carp, crucian carp and pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the control group begin to die on the 5 th day, the 4 th day and the 4 th day respectively, and the cumulative mortality rate in 30 days is respectively 20%, 31% and 38%.
Example two Pond grass carp experiment
The grass carps of two ages in 5 months and 5 days in 2018 in a 20 mu pond suffer from leukemia, and dead fish but not serious (12 tails of the grass carps die every day); feeding a third feed (example I, the feeding method is a conventional method) at 6 days after 5 months, wherein the disease condition is effectively controlled (no fish die any more) at 8 days after 5 months for 10 days, sampling the fish without bleeding symptoms after 10 days (15 days after 5 months) (the cure rate is 100 percent), and then recovering the conventional feed; after that, the feeding method is adopted immediately once the fry has the hemorrhagic disease, the fry has no hemorrhagic disease after being sold on the market, and the fish has good physique.
Example experiment of three-pond crucian carp
A certain 28 mu crucian pond shows leukemia in 2018, 5 and 6 months, and approximately 300 crucian carps die every day (130 g/tail); feeding four feeds starting at 5 months and 7 days (example I, the feeding method is a conventional method), continuously feeding for 20 days, effectively controlling the disease condition (no fish death any more) at 5 months and 12 days, sampling the fish without bleeding symptoms after 20 days (the cure rate is 100%), and then recovering the conventional feeding; after that, the feeding method is adopted immediately once the fry has the hemorrhagic disease, the fry has no hemorrhagic disease after being sold on the market, and the fish has good physique.
Example four Pond Black carp experiment
About 30 black carps (2 kg/tail) die in a 13 mu black carp pond due to hemorrhage in 26 days in 4 and 8 months in 2018; feeding a third feed (example I, the feeding method is a conventional method) at 27 days 4 months for 3 consecutive days, wherein the disease condition is effectively controlled (no more fish die) at 28 days 4 months, and after 3 days, the fish with basically no bleeding symptoms (the cure rate is 100%) is recovered from the conventional feeding; and then, immediately adopting the feeding method once the fry have hemorrhagic disease, until the fry are caught and the hemorrhagic disease does not appear, and the fish has good physique.
Example five Pond grass carp experiment
Feeding a second feed (example one, the feeding method is a conventional method) for 10 days in 18 mu of pond starting at 30 days 4-2019, and then returning to the conventional feeding; the fish without bleeding symptom (prevention rate is 100%) in 30 days after 5 months, and compared with the fish with the same period of 2018, the fish with bleeding disease and death by conventional feeding is shown.
Example six California Perch experiments
About 200 weever juveniles (100 g/tail) in 6 mu of weever pond of the California in 5 and 2 months in 2018 die on the day of hemorrhagic disease; feeding five feeds starting in 3 days in 5 months (example I, the feeding method is a conventional method), continuously feeding for 3 days, effectively controlling the disease in 6 days in 5 months (no fish die any more), sampling the fish without bleeding symptom in 10 days in 5 months (the cure rate is 100%), and then recovering the conventional feeding; and then, immediately adopting the feeding method once the fry have hemorrhagic disease, until the fry are caught and the hemorrhagic disease does not appear, and the fish has good physique.
The feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease is also a key season for preventing and treating hemorrhagic disease when the feed intake of fish is increased suddenly, and the hemorrhagic disease can be prevented in the bud by adopting the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease.
Claims (10)
1. The feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease comprises animal feed, plant feed, oil, vitamins and minerals.
2. The feed for preventing and treating hemorrhagic disease in fish of claim 1, wherein the plant feed is treated with a fermentation starter.
3. The feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease according to claim 1, wherein the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease is obtained by mixing animal feed, plant feed, oil, vitamins and minerals.
4. The feed for preventing and treating hemorrhagic disease of fish according to claim 1, wherein the mass percent of the animal feed is 25 to 50 percent, and the mass percent of the grease is 10 to 30 percent.
5. The feed for preventing and treating hemorrhagic disease in fish according to claim 1, wherein the amount of vitamins is 0.5 to 1.5% and the amount of minerals is 1 to 5%.
6. The feed for preventing and treating hemorrhagic disease of fish according to claim 1, wherein the animal feed comprises animal internal organ meal, lard residue, chicken meal, meat and bone meal, fish meal; the oil and fat includes phospholipid, terrestrial animal oil, fish oil, and soybean oil.
7. The feed for preventing and treating hemorrhagic disease of fish according to claim 6, wherein the sum of the mass of the animal viscera powder, the mass of the lard residue and the mass of the chicken meat powder is more than or equal to 10 percent; phospholipid is more than or equal to 3 percent, and terrestrial animal oil is more than or equal to 2 percent.
8. The use of the feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease according to claim 1 in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease.
9. The method for preparing a feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease as defined in claim 1, comprising the step of mixing an animal feed, a plant feed, oil, vitamins and minerals to obtain a feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease.
10. The method for preparing a feed for preventing and treating fish hemorrhagic disease as defined in claim 9, wherein the vegetable feed is treated with a fermentation broth.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911109361.9A CN110742210A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Fish hemorrhagic disease prevention and treatment feed and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN201911109361.9A CN110742210A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Fish hemorrhagic disease prevention and treatment feed and preparation method and application thereof |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1692796A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2005-11-09 | 苏州大学 | Health-care type fodder for black carp |
| CN1751588A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2006-03-29 | 上海水产大学 | Health-care type fish-bait for crucian |
| CN102370101A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-03-14 | 淮安华威饲料发展有限公司 | Feed for preventing hemorrhage of grass carp under high-density feeding condition |
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- 2019-11-13 CN CN201911109361.9A patent/CN110742210A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1692796A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2005-11-09 | 苏州大学 | Health-care type fodder for black carp |
| CN1751588A (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2006-03-29 | 上海水产大学 | Health-care type fish-bait for crucian |
| CN102370101A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-03-14 | 淮安华威饲料发展有限公司 | Feed for preventing hemorrhage of grass carp under high-density feeding condition |
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