CN110741902B - Simple seedling culture method for royal lotus - Google Patents
Simple seedling culture method for royal lotus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110741902B CN110741902B CN201911192627.0A CN201911192627A CN110741902B CN 110741902 B CN110741902 B CN 110741902B CN 201911192627 A CN201911192627 A CN 201911192627A CN 110741902 B CN110741902 B CN 110741902B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple seedling raising method of royal jelly, which comprises the following steps: 1) and accelerating germination of seeds. The method comprises the steps of equipment preparation, germination accelerating time, seed selection and treatment, germination accelerating chamber assembly, germination accelerating water temperature control and the like; 2) and (5) a cup seedling stage. Comprises planting container and matrix preparation, seedling cup loading, cup seedling management and the like; 3) and (5) a pot seedling stage. Comprises pot changing by cup, pot seedling management, pest and disease damage management and the like. The invention solves the problems of complicated seedling raising procedure and higher facility requirement of equipment in the subtropical zone of the royal jelly. The method is easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate and quick in effect, can save the seedling raising cost and improve the seedling raising and seedling rate, can easily realize simple seedling raising of the royal jelly in subtropical regions, and has good popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ornamental plant seedling propagation. More particularly, the invention relates to a simple seedling raising method of royal jelly.
Background
The royal jelly is a general name of a plant of the genus royal jelly (Victoria) of the family Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeaceae), and belongs to perennial root aquatic plants. The royal lotus genus has two primitive species of amazonian royal jelly (Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) j.c. sowerby) native to the tropical amazonic river basin of south america and kruenza royal jelly (Victoria cruziana a.d. orb.) native to the tropical balazonic river basin of subtropic. The queen wood flowers were cultivated by crossing them in 1961 in the garden of Log wood (Victoria 'Longwood Hybrid').
The royal jelly has the most beautiful, large and unique round leaves in the world, the flowers are beautiful, fragrant and delicate, the initially blossoming flowers are white and can gradually become deep red along with the continuation of the blooming process, the leaf viewing period can reach 150 days, and the flower viewing period can reach 90 days, so that the royal jelly is one of essential landscaping materials in modern garden waterscape and is also a necessary precious flower in urban flower exhibition. Now it has been introduced all over the world, and in 1958, China starts to introduce and cultivate, and through the efforts of gardeners and researchers, the extraordinary aquatic plants can be appreciated from south to north nowadays.
However, even though royal jelly has high ornamental value, it cannot overwinter in the subtropical zone and the northern area of China, and can only be cultivated annually under natural conditions, and seeding, seedling raising, transplanting and the like are required annually. The seedling raising technology has certain particularity due to obvious climate difference with the original habitat, and seedling raising needs to be carried out under certain manual control environment. The problems of large investment of seedling raising facilities, strict control of environmental conditions, inconvenience in seedling transportation, low survival rate after long-distance transportation and the like are generally existed. These adverse factors limit the commercialized production of seedlings of royal jelly and the large-scale application of royal jelly seedlings in gardens, and royal jelly can be seen only in the vegetable gardens or large parks in large cities in China at present. Therefore, the simple seedling raising method for searching the royal jelly in the non-tropical area is very important and urgent for popularizing the garden application of the royal jelly.
Through patent net inquiry, the limitation and the drawback of current technical scheme are comparatively obvious, need certain equipment, and the procedure of growing seedlings is also comparatively loaded down with trivial details. For example, patent application No. 200810122671.X discloses a method for accelerating germination and raising seedlings of Amazon royal jelly seeds, but mentions that an artificial supplementary lighting technology and a water circulation and oxygenation technology are needed; patent application No. 201710619939.X discloses a seedling raising method for improving the emergence rate and the growth speed of a water plant, namely, royal jelly, but a light source needs to be supplemented, an oxygenator needs to be added, the procedure is complex, and the equipment requirement is high; patent application No. 200410060625.3 provides a method for rapidly propagating royal jelly, but the method requires certain plant tissue culture operation technique and equipment.
Therefore, 2 original seeds (amazon royal lotus and kruez royal lotus) of royal lotus are taken as research objects, and based on the published prior art scheme, a simple seedling raising method is explored to save the seedling raising cost and improve the seedling rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple seedling raising method for the royal jelly, which solves the problems of complicated seedling raising procedures and higher requirements on equipment and facilities of the royal jelly in subtropical regions, is simple and easy to implement, is simple and convenient to operate, takes effect quickly, can save the seedling raising cost and improve the seedling raising survival rate, can easily realize simple seedling raising of the royal jelly in the subtropical regions, and has good popularization.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a simple method for growing seedlings of royal jelly, comprising the steps of:
step 1): accelerating germination of seeds, wherein the time is 60-90 days before the outdoor transplanting date, firstly selecting seeds, removing seed hole covers at seed umbilicus positions to expose inner seed coats, then heating the seeds in water bath in an assembled germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, setting the temperature to be 31-34 ℃, sealing and covering an upper opening of the germination accelerating chamber through a transparent plastic film, and submerging the seeds by 5cm above the water level in the germination accelerating chamber;
step 2): and (3) a cup seedling stage, preparing: preparing a disposable plastic aviation cup, and placing the pond sludge subjected to insolation in the disposable plastic aviation cup as a matrix; and (4) cup feeding: after the 2 nd needle-shaped leaf appears on the seed after the germination acceleration, transplanting the seedling into an aviation cup, placing the transplanted seedling into a germination acceleration chamber, and opening two openings with the size of 1 multiplied by 2cm on a plastic film; management: controlling the water temperature at 31-34 ℃ when the seedlings have needle-shaped leaves from No. 2 to No. 3; starting from the 4 th leaf, reducing the water temperature by 1 ℃ every 1-2 days, reducing the water temperature to 28 ℃ for stabilization, opening the plastic film above the germination accelerating chamber between 11:00 and 14:00 every day, ventilating for 5-10 minutes, and covering again; controlling the water level to be 12-15cm above the submerged seeds; fertilizing after the 4 th leaf appears, wherein 0.25-0.5g of compound fertilizer (about 5-10 grains) per cup is fertilized for 1 time every 7-10 days;
step 3): and (3) in a pot seedling stage, changing pots: in the 7 th or 8 th slice, the pot seedlings are changed, the transplanted pot seedlings are placed in a greenhouse or a water pool of a plastic greenhouse or are continuously kept in a germination accelerating room, the low temperature in the greenhouse or the greenhouse at night is more than 15 ℃, and the temperature in the daytime is more than 25 ℃; management: when the indoor temperature is higher than 35 ℃, opening the plastic film for ventilation; ventilating for 60-120 min at indoor temperature of 25-35 deg.C and daily time of 11:00-14: 00; ventilating for 10-20 min at a temperature of below 25 deg.C and a daily temperature of 11:00-14: 00; controlling the water level to be 25-40cm above the submerged seeds, ensuring the leaves to float on the water surface, and gradually increasing the water level; fertilizing is started 5-7 days after transplanting, 1-2g of compound fertilizer (about 20-40 grains) is applied in each pot, and fertilizing is performed for 1 time every 7-10 days later.
Preferably, the germinating cabinet is arranged in a greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse or a closed balcony which can be insulated at night when the sun shines in the daytime.
Preferably, a heating rod is arranged in the germination accelerating chamber for heating, a support is fixed in the germination accelerating chamber, a culture dish or an aviation cup and the like are placed on the support, and seeds are placed on the culture dish for accelerating germination.
Preferably, the mass percent of each component of the compound fertilizer is not less than 15 percent, namely N + P2O5+K2O≥45％。
Preferably, in the stage of cup seedling, the composite fertilizer is applied into soil along the cup wall in 2-3 directions during fertilization, and the depth is more than 3 cm; the fertilizer is not in the same position, namely different positions are switched during each fertilization.
Preferably, in the pot seedling stage, the compound fertilizer is applied into soil along the pot wall in 3-4 directions with the depth of more than 5cm during fertilization; the fertilizer is not in the same position, namely different positions are switched during each fertilization.
Preferably, during the seedling raising period, after the damage of the snails and the hydropipes medinalis larvae below the leaves is found, artificial removal treatment is carried out in time.
Preferably, the seedlings are transplanted into aviation cups, specifically seeds are mashed to about 2/3, and the roots are covered with soil.
Preferably, the pot is replaced by the cup seedling, specifically, a planting hole is dug out by hand in the flowerpot and is slightly larger than the volume of the aviation cup, the aviation cup is removed, the seedling and the mud are placed in the planting hole together, the mud is returned, and the compaction is slightly performed.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1) the equipment investment is less. Compared with the prior published technical proposal, the utility model reduces the equipment investment, such as a climatic chamber, an artificial light supplement lamp and an artificial oxygen charging device;
2) the basin replacing link is reduced. During the whole seedling raising period, only one pot changing work is carried out, namely, during the 7 th to 8 th leaf period, the potted seedlings are changed from cup seedlings, so that the seedling raising procedure is reduced to the greatest extent, the seedling raising cost is reduced, the seedling death caused by the pot changing work is reduced, the seedling reviving time is reduced, and the quick growth of the seedlings is facilitated;
3) and the space is saved. The culture dish accelerates germination, cup seedlings and small pot seedlings, can save space, and can even utilize a balcony or a sorting box to finish the breeding of the royal jelly seedlings, thereby greatly reducing the seedling cost.
4) The seedling rate is improved. The seedling rate of the royal jelly reaches more than 50 percent.
The invention provides a simple seedling raising method for royal jelly, which solves the problems of complicated seedling raising procedures and higher equipment and facility requirements of royal jelly in subtropical regions. The technical difficulty of the invention lies in the most economic and effective control of the growth environment conditions during germination acceleration, cup seedling and pot seedling. The method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate and quick in effect, can save the seedling raising cost and improve the seedling raising and seedling rate, can easily achieve the purpose of raising seedlings of the royal jelly seeds, and has good popularization.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of seed cap treatment of a royal jelly seed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the germination chamber assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of changing the pot for cup seedlings;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the royal jelly seeds before and after the seed hole cover is removed;
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing heating at the stage of pregermination;
FIG. 6 is a first photograph of a transplanted cup seedling of royal jelly;
FIG. 7 is a photograph II of the transplanted cup seedlings of royal jelly;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of a queen bee basin seedling after the cup seedling is changed.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the device comprises an arrangement box, 2, a plastic film, 3, a culture dish, 4, a support, 5, royal jelly seeds, 6 and a heating rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
All the embodiments of the invention are respectively carried out in greenhouse of Wuhan plant garden special for aquatic plants in 2018 for 3-6 months and 2019 for 4-7 months. Two kinds of royal jelly seeds of amazon and kruez are selected for the test.
In the scheme of the invention, as shown in figure 2, the germination accelerating room comprises an arrangement box 1 which is a sealed box body with an opening on the upper surface, a heating rod 6 is arranged at the bottom of the arrangement box and used for heating water in the arrangement box 1 and maintaining the set temperature unchanged, a plurality of supports 4 are further arranged at the bottom of the arrangement box 1, culture dishes 3 are arranged on the supports 4, royal jelly seeds 5 are arranged on the supports, and the opening on the arrangement box 1 is sealed through a transparent plastic film 2.
Example 1
Step 1): seed germination acceleration
Preparing: assembly in a germination room is carried out in 2018, 3, 20 days, and seed treatment is carried out in 3, 21 days. Selecting full, hard and bright mature seeds, and removing the seed covers at the hilum with a sharp knife to expose the inner seed coat, as shown in fig. 1. 100 seeds of the Royal crassipes (Fr.) kurz, and 100 seeds of the Amazon royal jelly (Fr.) kurz. The queen bee seeds before and after treatment are shown in fig. 4, the treated queen bee seeds are shown on the left side of fig. 4, and the queen bee seeds before treatment are shown on the right side of fig. 4. The time of the process can be arranged to push forward for about 60-90 days on the outdoor transplanting date, the air temperature is too low to cause the phenomena of dead seedlings and even death when the outdoor transplanting is too early, and the seeds cannot mature when the outdoor transplanting is too late. For example, in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the seedling culture work is started from the middle and last 3 months to the middle and last 4 months.
Accelerating germination: the temperature of the heating rod is set at 33 ℃, when the water temperature is raised to a set greenhouse, the treated seeds are placed in a culture dish of a germination accelerating room for 3 months and 21 days, water is added until the culture dish is submerged for about 5cm, and a plastic film covers the upper part of the sorting box to form a closed space, as shown in figure 5.
Step 2): stage of cup seedling
Preparing: the disposable plastic aviation cup is 7cm in upper caliber and 8cm in height, and high-quality pond sludge after insolation is placed in the aviation cup as a matrix.
And (4) cup feeding: and (3) transplanting the seedlings to a disposable plastic aviation cup for seedling culture in time after the 2 nd needle-shaped leaf appears from 2 days after 4 months. The seeds were placed in approximately 2/3 g of mud and the roots were covered with soil. The transplanted cup seedlings are placed in a germination accelerating room, and the opening treatment is carried out on the upper part of the plastic film at 2 positions, wherein the size of the opening treatment is about 1 multiplied by 2cm, as shown in figure 6.
Management: controlling the water temperature at 33 ℃ from the 2 nd to the 3 rd tablets; from the 4 th leaf, the water temperature is lowered by 1 ℃ every 2 days until the temperature is lowered to 28 ℃ and stabilized. In the daily period of 11:00-14:00, the transparent plastic film above the germinating cabinet is opened, and the germinating cabinet is covered again after ventilation for 5-10 minutes. The water level is controlled to be 12-15 cm. Fertilizing after the 4 th leaf appears, wherein each cup of 0.25-0.5g of compound fertilizer (about 5-10 granules) is not less than 15 percent of each component by mass percent, namely N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 45 percent; when in fertilization, the compound fertilizer is applied into soil along the cup wall in 2-3 directions, and the depth is more than 3 cm; fertilizing for 1 time every 7-10 days. Note that the position was switched every time fertilization was performed. As shown in fig. 7.
Step 3): stage of pot seedling
Changing the basin: and (4) from 5/11 days, and changing the pots of the cup seedlings in 7 th or 8 th. Digging out planting holes in the flowerpot by hand, slightly larger than the volume of the aviation cup, removing the aviation cup, putting the seedlings and the mud into the planting holes, returning the mud, and slightly compacting, as shown in figure 3. And (5) placing the transplanted pot seedlings in a germination accelerating room as shown in figure 8.
Management: strengthening ventilation management, and opening the plastic film for ventilation when the indoor temperature is higher than 35 ℃; ventilating for 60-120 min at indoor temperature of 25-35 deg.C and daily time of 11:00-14: 00; the temperature is lower than 25 ℃, the daily temperature is between 11:00 and 14:00, and the ventilation is carried out for 10-20 minutes. The water level is controlled to be 25-40cm, so that the leaves are ensured to float on the water surface, and the water level is gradually increased. Fertilizing is started 5-7 days after transplanting, each pot contains 1-2g of compound fertilizer (about 20-40 granules), the mass percent of each component of the compound fertilizer is not less than 15%, namely N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 45 percent; when in fertilization, the compound fertilizer is applied into soil along the pot wall in 3-4 directions, and the depth is more than 5 cm; fertilizing for 1 time every 7-10 days. Note that the position was switched every time fertilization was performed.
And (3) pest and disease management: during seedling raising, the plant diseases and insect pests are less, only the damage of the snails below the leaves and the larvae of the hydropiper walker needs to be noticed, and timely manual removal and treatment are needed after discovery.
Through the technical measures, outdoor transplantation is carried out on 6 months, 4 days to 6 months and 29 days in 2018, 53 Kluzziwang lotus seeds and 50 Amazon royal lotus seeds are transplanted together.
Comparative example 1
And in 20 days in 3 months and in 20 days in 2018, selecting 100 full seeds, performing a contrast test, placing the seeds in planting pots of a water pool in a greenhouse, sowing 1 seed in each pot, controlling the water level to be 5-10cm away from the soil surface, and naturally germinating.
15 seedlings of the King's Kluzzier and 11 seedlings of the Amazon's King are transplanted outdoors in the open air in 27 days after 7 months.
Example 2 (year of time different from that of example 1)
The same nursery protocol as in example 1 was carried out in 2019, months 4-7. And 4, 4 and 2 days in 2019, assembling in a germination accelerating room, and performing seed treatment and heating germination accelerating on 4 and 4 days in 4. 100 seeds of the Royal crassipes (Fr.) kurz, and 100 seeds of the Amazon royal jelly (Fr.) kurz. And (4) from 16 days after 4 months, transplanting the seedlings to a disposable plastic aviation cup in time after the 2 nd needle-shaped leaf appears, and growing the seedlings. And (5) from 5 months and 20 days, changing the pots of the cup seedlings successively, and placing the transplanted pot seedlings in a germination accelerating room.
Through the technical measures, open-air transplanting is carried out in 2019 from 6 months, 14 days to 7 months and 2 days, and 57 plants of the Roxburgh agapanthus and 51 plants of the Amazon agapanthus are transplanted together.
Comparative example 2
And 4, 2 days in 2019, selecting 100 full seeds, performing a contrast test, placing the seeds in planting pots of a water pool in a greenhouse, sowing 1 seed in each pot, controlling the water level to be 5-10cm away from the soil surface, and naturally germinating.
The 9 Cruze royal jelly seedlings and the 10 Amazon royal jelly seedlings are transplanted outdoors in the open air in 8 months and 1 day.
Example 3 (and example 1, no seed hole cover rejection)
On the basis of example 1, no seed cap removing treatment was performed for 21 days after 3 months, and the germination accelerating process was performed directly, and the rest of the operation was the same as in example 1. 100 seeds of the Royal crassipes (Fr.) kurz, and 100 seeds of the Amazon royal jelly (Fr.) kurz. The cup seedling stage starts from 5 days 4 months, and the pot seedling stage starts from 15 days 5 months.
In the above embodiment, the open-air transplantation is carried out in 2018, 6 months, 15 days to 6 months, 30 days, and 29 plants of the Roxburgh ia crassipes and 23 plants of the Amazon royal jelly are transplanted together.
Example 4 (different germination temperature compared with example 1)
Step 1): in the stage of accelerating germination of seeds, the temperature of a heating rod is set at 26 ℃, and the seeds are accelerated to germinate in 3 months and 21 days; 100 pieces of Royal Cruzzilian seeds and 100 pieces of Amazon Royal seed, and the rest of the operations are the same as the example 1;
step 2): in the stage of cup seedling, the cup feeding process is started from 4 months and 4 days, the water temperature is always 26 ℃ during management, and the rest operation is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
step 3): and in the stage of pot seedling, the pot changing process is started in 11 days after 5 months, the water temperature is always 26 ℃ during management, and the rest operation is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
In the above examples, 35 Kluzziwania plants and 26 Amazon plants were transplanted in the open air from 6 months to 5 months to 1 month in 2018.
Example 5 (different germination temperature compared with example 1)
Step 1): in the stage of accelerating germination of seeds, the temperature of a heating rod is set at 30 ℃, and the seeds are accelerated to germinate in 3 months and 21 days; 100 pieces of Royal Cruzzilian seeds and 100 pieces of Amazon Royal seed, and the rest of the operations are the same as the example 1;
step 2): in the stage of cup seedling, the cup feeding process is started from 4 months and 3 days, the water temperature is always 30 ℃ during management, and the rest operation is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
step 3): and in the stage of pot seedling, the pot changing process is started in 5 months and 10 days, the water temperature is always 30 ℃ during management, and the rest operation is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
In the above examples, the plant was transplanted in the open air from 6 months to 5 days to 7 months and 1 day in 2018, and 41 Cruze royal jelly and 30 Amazon royal jelly were transplanted together.
Example 6 (different fertilization compared to example 1)
On the basis of example 1, fertilization was different, and the rest of the operation was the same as example 1. The difference of fertilization is the following 3 points: 1) in the stage of cup seedling and pot seedling, the fertilization mode is uniformly spread on the soil surface; 2) 0.5-1g of compound fertilizer (about 10-20 grains) per cup in the cup seedling stage, and 2-4g of compound fertilizer (about 40-80 grains) per pot in the pot seedling stage; 3) and fertilizing for 1 time every 5 days after the cup seedlings and the pot seedlings are transplanted for 5-7 days. 100 seeds of the Royal crassipes (Fr.) kurz, and 100 seeds of the Amazon royal jelly (Fr.) kurz.
In the above example, the cup seedling stage starts from 4 months and 2 days, and the pot seedling stage starts from 5 months and 10 days. Transplanting in open air at 1 st 6 th-20 th 6 th month in 2018, and transplanting 38 Cruzziwang lotus and 32 Amazon royal lotus together.
Example 7 (comparison with example 1, the germinating cabinet was not covered with a transparent plastic film)
Step 1): the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the germination accelerating box was not covered with a transparent plastic film. 100 Royal cruzi seeds and 100 Amazon Royal seed;
step 2): the cup seedling stage starts from 4 months and 6 days, and the rest of the operation is the same as that of the example 1;
step 3): the pot seedling stage was started from 5 months and 15 days, and the rest of the operation was the same as in example 1.
In the above embodiment, the plant was transplanted in the open air from 6 months 15 days to 6 months 30 days in 2018, and 23 plants of Roxburgh agapanthus and 19 plants of Amazon agapanthus were transplanted together.
Example 8 (different ventilation management compared to example 1)
On the basis of example 1, ventilation management at the pot seedling stage was different, and the rest of the operation was the same as in example 1. Specifically, in the stage of pot seedling, when the indoor temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the transparent plastic film is opened for ventilation for 60-120 minutes; ventilating for 30 minutes at the indoor temperature of 25-35 ℃ and between 11:00 and 14:00 every day; the temperature is lower than 25 ℃, and ventilation is not carried out.
In the above example, the cup seedling stage starts from 4 months and 2 days, and the pot seedling stage starts from 5 months and 13 days. Transplanting in open air at 1 st 6 th-26 th 6 th month in 2018, and transplanting 29 Kluzziwang lotus and 22 Amazon royal lotus.
The seed number, the white exposure number, the cup seedling number, the pot seedling number, the seedling formation number, the seedling rate and the like of each example and comparative example in 2018 and 2019 are counted and shown in table 1 in detail.
TABLE 1
Tabulated statistics were conducted for all of the above examples and comparative examples, and the results are shown in table 1. It can be seen that the seedling rate of the royal jelly seedling raising mode carried out by adopting the technical scheme is more than 50 percent, and the effect is obvious. As can be seen from the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1 and 2, the technical scheme of the invention can realize good seedling raising effect, can achieve ideal effect for two continuous years, and has universality and good popularization.
Example 3 the well cap treatment was tested. Comparing example 1 with example 3, the royal jelly seed dew is reduced by about 30% and the seedling rate is reduced by 20% -30% in example 3. Obviously, the seed hole cover treatment method has more advantages, and the seedling raising method for removing the seed hole cover can increase the white exposure rate of the seeds and reduce the time for the seeds to germinate in the early stage by about 3 to 7 days.
Examples 4 and 5 were tested for temperature setting treatment. Comparing example 1 with example 4 and example 5, the seedling rate of the royal jelly seeds of example 4 and example 5 is reduced by about 15-30%. The conventional germination accelerating temperature is 26-30 ℃ and is not more than 31 ℃. The accidental research of the technical scheme of the invention shows that the white exposure rate is improved and the germination accelerating time is reduced by 1-3 days under the condition that the germination accelerating temperature is 31-34 ℃, but the temperature is gradually reduced by 1 degree every 2 days after the germination accelerating temperature is added into a cup, and the water temperature is kept constant when the temperature is reduced to 26-28 ℃. Through the embodiment 5, it can be seen that the seedling rate is lower than that of the technical scheme of the application even if the temperature reaches 30 ℃.
Example 6 tests were conducted for nutrient management. Comparing example 1 and example 6, example 6 the royal jelly seed dewing, cup seedling did not differ significantly from example 1, but decreased by about 10% -15% at pot and seedling. Obviously, the nutrient management method has more advantages, and can ensure the growth and seedling of the royal jelly particularly in the later period. The fertilizer can not be added in the white-exposed stage, and the fertilizer can not be added too early for the young seedlings, so the seedlings are easy to burn; too late, the nutrition cannot be followed up and the seedling may be formed. The invention has very accurate fertilization time and fertilization amount, and simultaneously adopts a fertilization mode to penetrate into soil along the wall of the planter, thereby improving the fertilization efficiency and the fertilizer utilization rate. Fertilization was started after the appearance of the 4 th leaf as in example 1, 0.25-0.5g of compound fertilizer (about 5-10 grains) per cup; fertilizing is started on the 5 th to 7 th days after the transplanting of the pot seedlings, and 1g to 2g of compound fertilizer (about 20 grains to 40 grains) is applied to each pot; when in fertilization, the compound fertilizer is applied into soil along the pot wall in 3-4 directions; fertilization was performed 1 time every 7-10 days after the first fertilization at each stage. Note that the position was switched every time fertilization was performed.
Example 7 tests were carried out on the germination chamber transparent plastic film cover treatment. Comparing example 1 and example 7, example 7 shows about 20% lower seedling emergence period, about 10% lower seedling cup and pot seedling period, and about 30% lower seedling rate than example 1, which shows the advantage of the cultivation method of the present invention. The transparent plastic film covering treatment can ensure the continuous and stable growth environment of the royal jelly lotus and is more beneficial to the seedling growth of the royal jelly lotus. Especially in the stage of exposing white seeds and cup seedling, such as day and night in early spring and when the temperature difference is large in all weather, the most important function is to ensure that the temperature of the leaves is consistent with the water temperature.
Example 8 tests were conducted on ventilation management. By adopting the ventilation management of the technical scheme of the invention, better seedling raising effect can be obtained. In the ventilation management mode of the embodiment 8, royal jelly leaf rotten is easily caused, and the royal jelly leaf rotten management method is characterized in that a rotten point appears on a leaf, the rotten part is gradually enlarged, and the whole leaf is rotten and digested to a water body; the stem of the leaf is rotten and the leaf falls off. When no new leaves are produced, the whole plant is easy to die. In the pot seedling stage, ventilation management is enhanced, and the survival rate of the royal jelly can be improved, so that the technical scheme selects a time period with the highest positive sunlight of 11:00-14:00 for ventilation, and the best cultivation condition can be provided for the royal jelly. The indoor temperature can be reduced to a certain degree by ventilation, different ventilation management modes are selected according to different indoor temperatures, through comparative example 1 and example 8, the ventilation effect of example 1 is obviously superior to that of example 8, and the growth of the plant in the seedling stage of the royal jelly is promoted.
In conclusion, the white exposure rate, the cup seedling rate, the pot seedling rate and the seedling rate of the royal jelly seedlings are all obviously higher than those of other control treatment modes by adopting the seedling culture mode of the technical scheme. Therefore, the invention provides a simple seedling raising method for the royal jelly, and solves the problems of complicated seedling raising procedures and higher equipment and facility requirements of the royal jelly in subtropical regions. The method is simple and easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate and quick in effect, can save the seedling raising cost and improve the seedling raising and seedling rate, can easily realize simple seedling raising of the royal jelly in subtropical regions, and has good popularization.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A simple seedling raising method for royal jelly is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): accelerating germination of seeds, wherein the time is 60-90 days before the outdoor transplanting date, firstly selecting seeds, removing seed hole covers at seed umbilicus positions to expose inner seed coats, then heating the seeds in water bath in an assembled germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, setting the temperature to be 31-34 ℃, sealing and covering an upper opening of the germination accelerating chamber through a transparent plastic film, and submerging the seeds by 5cm above the water level in the germination accelerating chamber;
step 2): and (3) a cup seedling stage, preparing: preparing a disposable plastic aviation cup, and placing the pond sludge subjected to insolation in the disposable plastic aviation cup as a matrix; and (4) cup feeding: after the 2 nd needle-shaped leaf appears on the seed after the germination acceleration, transplanting the seedling into an aviation cup, placing the transplanted seedling into a germination acceleration chamber, and opening two openings with the size of 1 multiplied by 2cm on a plastic film; management: controlling the water temperature at 31-34 ℃ when the seedlings have needle-shaped leaves from No. 2 to No. 3; starting from the 4 th leaf, reducing the water temperature by 1 ℃ every 1-2 days, reducing the water temperature to 28 ℃ for stabilization, opening the plastic film above the germination accelerating chamber between 11:00 and 14:00 every day, ventilating for 5-10 minutes, and covering again; controlling the water level to be 12-15cm above the submerged seeds; fertilizing after the 4 th leaf appears, wherein 0.25-0.5g of compound fertilizer is applied to each cup, and fertilizing for 1 time every 7-10 days later;
step 3): and (3) in a pot seedling stage, changing pots: in the 7 th or 8 th slice, the pot seedlings are changed, the transplanted pot seedlings are placed in a greenhouse or a water pool of a plastic greenhouse or are continuously kept in a germination accelerating room, the low temperature in the greenhouse or the greenhouse at night is more than 15 ℃, and the temperature in the daytime is more than 25 ℃; management: when the indoor temperature is higher than 35 ℃, opening the plastic film for ventilation; ventilating for 60-120 min at indoor temperature of 25-35 deg.C and daily time of 11:00-14: 00; ventilating for 10-20 min at a temperature of below 25 deg.C and a daily temperature of 11:00-14: 00; controlling the water level to be 25-40cm above the submerged seeds, ensuring the leaves to float on the water surface, and gradually increasing the water level; fertilizing is started 5-7 days after transplanting, 1-2g of compound fertilizer is applied in each pot, and fertilizing is performed for 1 time every 7-10 days later.
2. A simple seedling raising method of royal jelly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the germinating cabinet is placed in a greenhouse or plastic greenhouse or a closed balcony which can be insulated at night by sunlight irradiation in the daytime.
3. A simple seedling method of royal jelly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heating rod is arranged in the germinating chamber for heating, the bracket is fixed in the germinating chamber, the culture dish or aviation cup is arranged on the bracket, and the seeds are arranged on the culture dish for germinating.
4. The simple seedling raising method of royal jelly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the mass percentage of each component of the compound fertilizer is not less than 15%, namely N + P2O5+K2O≥45％。
5. The simple seedling raising method of the royal jelly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the cup seedling stage, the compound fertilizer is applied into the soil along the cup wall in 2-3 directions with the depth of more than 3cm during the fertilization; the fertilizer is not in the same position, namely different positions are switched during each fertilization.
6. The simple seedling raising method of royal jelly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the stage of pot seedling, the compound fertilizer is applied into soil along the pot wall in 3-4 directions with a depth of more than 5 cm; the fertilizer is not in the same position, namely different positions are switched during each fertilization.
7. The simple seedling raising method of royal jelly according to claim 1, characterized in that in the seedling raising period, after the damage of the larvae of the spiroid and hydropiper medinalis under the leaves is found, artificial removal treatment is carried out in time.
8. The simple seedling raising method of royal jelly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedlings are transplanted into aviation cups, specifically, seeds are put into mud 2/3, and the roots are covered with mud.
9. The simple seedling raising method of royal jelly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pot changing of the cup seedling is carried out by digging a planting hole slightly larger than the volume of the aviation cup by hand in the flowerpot, removing the aviation cup, putting the seedling together with mud into the planting hole, returning mud and slightly compacting.
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| CN101305672A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2008-11-19 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Amazon royal waterplatter seed sprouting and raising method |
| CN107197690A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-09-26 | 重庆水生网生态农业发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve water plant Wang Lian emergence rates and the method for culturing seedlings of the speed of growth |
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| CN101305672A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2008-11-19 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Amazon royal waterplatter seed sprouting and raising method |
| CN107197690A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-09-26 | 重庆水生网生态农业发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve water plant Wang Lian emergence rates and the method for culturing seedlings of the speed of growth |
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