CN110735336A - Thermal transfer printing process for terylene - Google Patents
Thermal transfer printing process for terylene Download PDFInfo
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- CN110735336A CN110735336A CN201911137777.1A CN201911137777A CN110735336A CN 110735336 A CN110735336 A CN 110735336A CN 201911137777 A CN201911137777 A CN 201911137777A CN 110735336 A CN110735336 A CN 110735336A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/34—Material containing ester groups
- D06P3/52—Polyesters
- D06P3/54—Polyesters using dispersed dyestuffs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
- D06P1/642—Compounds containing nitrogen
- D06P1/649—Compounds containing carbonamide, thiocarbonamide or guanyl groups
- D06P1/6491—(Thio)urea or (cyclic) derivatives
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/82—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres
- D06P3/8204—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature
- D06P3/8223—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and ester groups
- D06P3/8238—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and ester groups using different kinds of dye
- D06P3/8252—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and ester groups using different kinds of dye using dispersed and reactive dyes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/02—After-treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal transfer printing process of terylene, which meets the requirements of the production process by a printing base cloth raw material, a thermal transfer printing machine, a printing auxiliary agent, a printing dye, transfer paper, a dryer and a high-temperature high-pressure steaming box.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of terylene printing, in particular to a thermal transfer printing process of terylene.
Background
Polyester fiber, commonly known as "polyester", is a synthetic fiber obtained by spinning polyester formed by polycondensation of organic dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, referred to as PET fiber for short, and belongs to a high molecular compound, invented in 1941, which is the th major variety of the current synthetic fiber, and the polyester fiber has the greatest advantages of good crease resistance and shape retention, high strength and elastic recovery capability, fastness, durability, crease resistance, easy ironing, and no hair sticking;
the thermal transfer printing refers to the transfer printing of clothing thermal transfer printing generally divided into hot melt type transfer printing and thermal sublimation, and the hot melt type transfer printing is commonly used for all-cotton products, and the shortcoming is that the gas permeability of feeling is poor. Offset printing, gravure printing, silk screen printing and data printing; the production process of the terylene is also finished by thermal transfer printing
Therefore, based on the above research, the existing thermal transfer printing process for terylene has many defects, the existing thermal transfer printing process for terylene can cause the dispersion condition on the surface due to the too fast loss of water in the cloth, the temperature of the cloth of the transfer printing of terylene can not be controlled reasonably well, so that the cloth is easy to have more inferior products in the production process, the cost loss and the resource waste are caused, meanwhile, the drying part in the production process can not be controlled reasonably, the specific time of the traditional process is dull, the high-quality drying operation can not be better achieved for the cloth with different quality, and the quality of the transfer printing process is reduced, so the production process above needs to be improved, and the production requirement is met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal transfer printing process of terylene to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the thermal transfer printing process of terylene needs to pass through a printing base fabric raw material, a thermal transfer printing machine, a printing auxiliary agent, a printing dye, transfer paper, a dryer and a high-temperature high-pressure steaming box, and reaches the requirement of the production process, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following five steps:
, selecting bleached and unbleached light-colored fabrics as the printing base fabric raw materials, and arranging the selected printing base fabric raw materials in a heat transfer printing machine;
step two: the printing base fabric raw material is arranged in a thermal transfer printing machine, then printing dye and transfer paper are arranged on the thermal transfer printing machine, and the thermal transfer printing machine prints the printing base fabric raw material through thermal transfer;
step three: printing the printing auxiliary agent on the printing base fabric raw material, wherein the printing auxiliary agent can be divided into urea, an oxidant and an acid or an acid releasing agent, and the printing auxiliary agent can be selected according to the printing requirement;
step four: the selective dryer is used for carrying out rapid drying operation on the printed base fabric raw material after printing is finished, the drying heat is controlled to be 80-90% of that of the dryer, and the drying time is controlled to be 4-6 minutes;
step five: the printing base fabric raw material dried by the dryer is arranged in a high-temperature high-pressure steaming box, and the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box quickly fixes the color of the printed base fabric raw material through high-temperature high-pressure evaporation.
, adding 3-7% of printing assistant if urea is selected, 0.4-1.1% of oxidant if oxidant is selected, controlling pH at 4.5-5.8, 0.6-1.2% of acid or acid releasing agent if acid or acid releasing agent is selected, and adding water to synthesize 1001%.
, when the thermal transfer printing machine is in transfer printing operation, the printing temperature is kept between 201 ℃ and 240 ℃, when the temperature is too low, the transfer effect of the transfer printing is not facilitated, the ring dyeing phenomenon that the fiber has a white core can be generated, and when the temperature is too high, the condition that the hand feeling of the fabric is rough and hard can be caused, and even the condition that the fabric is deformed can be caused.
, selecting moderate temperature same color (hot melting temperature above 170 ℃) or high temperature color fixing (hot melting temperature above 195 ℃) dye as the printing dye , not using low temperature color fixing dye , having the same sublimation temperature of as the disperse dye used for printing on fabric, and requiring low sensitivity to fixing conditions, which is an important condition for ensuring printing reproducibility.
, the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box is arranged in a closed steaming box at 1.36X105To 1.75X105Pa; and the temperature is controlled to be 125-135 ℃, and the steaming time is 25-32 min.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the production flow of the thermal transfer printing process of the terylene is obviously improved, the printed terylene cloth achieves good printing effect by improving the auxiliary agent aiming at the terylene cloth with different textures, the printing quality of the terylene cloth is ensured, compared with the traditional single nature selection, the overall quality of the printing process is better ensured, the condition that the overall deformation occurs due to the too fast overall moisture loss of the printed cloth is avoided or reduced, or the condition that the drying heat is too high to cause the dispersion of color paste is avoided by improving the drying temperature and the drying time of the printed cloth, the color degree on the printed cloth is ensured, meanwhile, the trace moisture existing in the printed cloth can be lost along with the subsequent processing procedures, so the overall printing process cannot be influenced by the moisture existing in the printed cloth, meanwhile, the heat is reduced, the consumption of electric power and energy is reduced, and the economic benefit is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal transfer printing production process of terylene according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transfer printing effect of the polyester fabric at different temperatures according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", " end", "another end", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like, are used to mean, for example, "connected," which may be fixed or detachable, or connected physically, mechanically, electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediary, or communicating between two elements.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides an embodiment: the thermal transfer printing process of terylene needs to pass through a printing base fabric raw material, a thermal transfer printing machine, a printing auxiliary agent, a printing dye, transfer paper, a dryer and a high-temperature high-pressure steaming box, and reaches the requirement of the production process, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following five steps:
, selecting bleached and unbleached light-colored fabrics as the printing base fabric raw materials, and arranging the selected printing base fabric raw materials in a heat transfer printing machine;
secondly, arranging the printing base fabric raw material into a thermal transfer printing machine, then arranging printing dye and transfer paper on the thermal transfer printing machine, printing the printing base fabric raw material on the thermal transfer printing machine through thermal transfer, and leading -like transfer printing factories to have no pretreatment equipment, so that the polyester fabric needs to be subjected to pretreatment processes such as machine washing, bleaching (dyeing), setting, softening and the like before printing, and meanwhile, the polyester fabric cannot be printed with light-color patterns by using dark-color fabrics;
step three: printing auxiliary agents on the printing base fabric raw materials, wherein the printing auxiliary agents can be divided into urea, an oxidant and an acid or acid releasing agent, the printing auxiliary agents can be selected according to printing requirements, and polyester cloth composed of different components needs to be subjected to auxiliary operation through corresponding auxiliary agents, so that the printing state can be better achieved;
step four: the selective dryer is used for carrying out rapid drying operation on the printed base fabric raw material after printing is finished, the drying heat is controlled to be 80-90% of that of the dryer, and the drying time is controlled to be 4-6 minutes;
step five: the printing base fabric raw material dried by the dryer is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box, the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box quickly fixes the color of the printed base fabric raw material through high-temperature high-pressure evaporation, the degree of overheating of steam is not high and is close to saturation, the moisture absorption of fiber and color paste is more, the transfer of disperse dye in the fiber is facilitated, the sizing agent is easy to wash away during washing, the movement of molecular chain segments of a fiber amorphous region is aggravated when the terylene is at 130 ℃ and under the moisture-containing condition, and the diffusion of the disperse dye in the fiber is facilitated.
, adding 3-7% of printing assistant if urea is selected, accelerating the adsorption and diffusion of the fiber to the dye during the evaporation of urea, preventing the oxidation color change of some disperse dyes containing amino, 0.4-1.1% of dispersing dyes containing nitro or azo groups from being reduced and changing color during the evaporation if oxidant is selected, and 0.6-1.2% of pH value for preventing the dye from hydrolysis and reductive decomposition if acid or acid releasing agent is selected, and adding water to synthesize 1001%.
, when the thermal transfer printing machine is in transfer printing operation, the printing temperature is kept between 201 ℃ and 240 ℃, when the temperature is too low and below about 180 ℃, the transfer effect of the transfer printing is not facilitated, when the temperature is about 190 ℃, the ring dyeing phenomenon that the fiber has a white core can be generated, when the temperature is too high, the condition that the hand feeling of the fabric is rough and hard can be caused when the temperature is about 240 ℃, and even the condition that the fabric is deformed can be caused when the temperature is about 250 ℃.
, selecting a medium-temperature same-color (hot melting temperature is more than 170 ℃) or high-temperature color fixing (hot melting temperature is more than 195 ℃) dye as the printing dye , selecting a low-temperature color fixing dye which is not suitable for use, wherein the sublimation temperature of the disperse dye used for printing on the fabric is , and the sensitivity to the fixing condition is required to be low, which is an important condition for ensuring the printing reproducibility.
, high-temperature high-pressure steaming box is arranged in the closed steaming box at 1.36X105To 1.75X105Pa; the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box has the advantages of effectively guaranteeing high-pressure color fixation of the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box on cloth, controlling the temperature to be 125-135 ℃, reducing the dispersion of printed cloth, and realizing the color fixation effect due to 25-32 min of steaming.
Example 2
Direct printing with reactive dyes
The main production process of printing on the polyester/cotton cloth is the printing of disperse dye and reactive dye with the same pulp, the process design can be times of fixation or secondary fixation treatment, and the process is generally called as a disperse-reactive process.
A printing workshop with a high-temperature steamer adopts fixation processes, so that the production period can be shortened, and the process flow can be simplified.
Printing → drying → high-temperature steaming (175-188 ℃, 6-7.5 minutes) → open washing → drying → after finishing.
The dye is alkali-resistant (sodium bicarbonate) disperse dye and reactive dye with strong reactivity, the alkali agent for fixation is reduced as much as possible, and the disperse dye sensitive to alkali is not suitable for use, because the alkali color paste is easy to generate color change, such as deep blue HGL (S-2GL), the color is changed from blue to gray, and the color is withered and dark through evaporation treatment.
The cotton cloth printing and dyeing mill usually utilizes an original steamer and adds hot melting equipment to carry out secondary hot setting treatment, so that the obtained color is bright and various fastness is excellent.
The process flow comprises the following steps:
printing → drying → hot melting (190-200 ℃, 1 minute) → steaming (100-102 ℃, 5 minutes) → open washing → drying → after finishing.
Secondly, color paste prescription:
chlorotriazine (type K), fluorochloropyrimidine (type F), vinylsulfone (type KN)
Reactive dyes: x, x
Hot water: proper amount of the right amount
Urea (half the amount of rotary screen printing): 60 g, 60 g
Anti-staining salt S: 5 to 10 g, 5 to 10 g
Sodium alginate paste: 700 g, 700 g
Alkali-resistant disperse dyes: y, y
Baking soda: 8 to 10 g, 5 to 8 g
10-20 g of sodium formate or sodium trichloroacetate
Total amount: 1000 g, 1000 g
(1) Selecting high-temperature color-fixing K-type (or M-type) reactive dye, dissolving in boiling water, such as urea, cooling to 40 ℃, scattering the disperse dye, taking dye-resisting salt S as a reduction inhibitor, adding the reduction inhibitor into the sodium alginate raw paste in advance, adding baking soda finally, fully blending for standby application, mixing the low-viscosity sodium alginate raw paste with the emulsifying paste, and being beneficial to improving the printing effect and the washability.
(2) When the fluorochloropyrimidine type reactive dye (foreign product Drimaren R or Levafix PN) is selected, the using amount of the baking soda can be reduced to the minimum, and the good color supply can be obtained under the condition that the pH value of the color paste is 7.5-8.2. When trisodium phosphate (0.23 g/kg of raw paste) is added into the sodium alginate raw paste as a water softener, the consumption of sodium bicarbonate in the color paste can be reduced or even eliminated.
(3) When the ethylene KN type reactive dye (foreign commodities Remazol, Diaira or Sumifix) is selected, baking soda is not added to ensure the stability of the color paste; the two-step process can be changed, and the color fixation can be realized by alkali rolling after the hot baking.
(4) The disperse dye that the hot melt fixation was handled should select the better variety of sublimation fastness for use to when the printing fabric was passing through the hot melt case, the dye dry heat sublimation stained the waste that leads to the cloth to the dacron.
(5) The urea in the color paste is a reaction medium of the reactive dye and the cotton fiber and has the function of preventing the cotton fiber from being baked and yellowed, but the use amount of the urea is too much, so that the disperse dye can seriously stain the cotton, and the use amount of the urea needs to be controlled well.
(6) The dosage of the printing color paste alkaline agent is correspondingly reduced compared with that of cotton cloth printing, and the color light of the disperse dye is not influenced while the normal color development of the active dye is considered.
Thirdly, post-treatment: the post-treatment of the polyester/cotton printed cloth is to raise the fixation rate of dye and prevent the unfixed dye from staining the white ground during water washing, and because of the difference in the staining degree of the disperse dyes of different colors to cotton, some disperse dyes are treated with weak alkali to raise the open washing effect.
It will thus be seen that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive in any respect point of view, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. The thermal transfer printing process of terylene needs to pass through a printing base fabric raw material, a thermal transfer printing machine, a printing auxiliary agent, a printing dye, transfer paper, a dryer and a high-temperature high-pressure steaming box, and reaches the requirement of the production process, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following five steps:
, selecting bleached and unbleached light-colored fabrics as the printing base fabric raw materials, and arranging the selected printing base fabric raw materials in a heat transfer printing machine;
step two: the printing base fabric raw material is arranged in a thermal transfer printing machine, then printing dye and transfer paper are arranged on the thermal transfer printing machine, and the thermal transfer printing machine prints the printing base fabric raw material through thermal transfer;
step three: printing the printing auxiliary agent on the printing base fabric raw material, wherein the printing auxiliary agent can be divided into urea, an oxidant and an acid or an acid releasing agent, and the printing auxiliary agent can be selected according to the printing requirement;
step four: the selective dryer is used for carrying out rapid drying operation on the printed base fabric raw material after printing is finished, the drying heat is controlled to be 80-90% of that of the dryer, and the drying time is controlled to be 4-6 minutes;
step five: the printing base fabric raw material dried by the dryer is arranged in a high-temperature high-pressure steaming box, and the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box quickly fixes the color of the printed base fabric raw material through high-temperature high-pressure evaporation.
2. The thermal transfer printing process of terylene according to claim 1, characterized in that: if the printing auxiliary agent is urea, 3-7% of the printing auxiliary agent can be added; if oxidant is selected, 0.4-1.1% can be added, and pH value is controlled at 4.5-5.8; if acid or acid releasing agent is selected, 0.6-1.2% can be added; meanwhile, water is added to synthesize 1001 percent.
3. The thermal transfer printing process of terylene according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the thermal transfer printing machine is used for transfer printing operation, the printing temperature is kept between 201 ℃ and 240 ℃, when the temperature is too low, the transfer effect of the transfer printing is not facilitated, the ring dyeing phenomenon that fibers have white cores can be generated, and when the temperature is too high, the condition that the hand feeling of the fabric is rough and hard can be caused, and even the condition that the fabric is deformed can be caused.
4. The thermal transfer printing process of terylene according to claim 1, wherein the printing dye is preferably selected from middle-temperature type same-color (hot melting temperature above 175 ℃) or high-temperature type fixed-color (hot melting temperature above 190 ℃) dye, the low-temperature type fixed-color dye is not preferably used, the sublimation temperature of the disperse dye used for printing on fabric is , and the sensitivity to the fixing condition is required to be low, which is an important condition for ensuring the printing reproducibility.
5. The thermal transfer printing process of terylene according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-temperature high-pressure steaming box is arranged in a closed steaming box at 1.36X105To 1.75X105Pa; and the temperature is controlled to be 125-135 ℃, and the steaming time is 25-32 min.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1432678A (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2003-07-30 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所士兵系统研究中心 | Digaibing fabric and its dyeing and printing method |
| CN104278575A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-14 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of functional biodegradable polyester fiber patterned woollen blanket |
| CN104562741A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-29 | 青岛三秀新科技复合面料有限公司 | Polyester direct printing technology |
| CN106592087A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-04-26 | 山东中奥毯业有限公司 | Preparation method of polyester blanket |
| CN107227630A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-10-03 | 江苏银桥纺织科技有限公司 | A kind of printing technology of dacron |
-
2019
- 2019-11-04 CN CN201911137777.1A patent/CN110735336A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1432678A (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2003-07-30 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所士兵系统研究中心 | Digaibing fabric and its dyeing and printing method |
| CN104562741A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-29 | 青岛三秀新科技复合面料有限公司 | Polyester direct printing technology |
| CN104278575A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-14 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of functional biodegradable polyester fiber patterned woollen blanket |
| CN106592087A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-04-26 | 山东中奥毯业有限公司 | Preparation method of polyester blanket |
| CN107227630A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-10-03 | 江苏银桥纺织科技有限公司 | A kind of printing technology of dacron |
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| Title |
|---|
| L.W.C.迈尔斯等: "涤棉混纺织物的染整", vol. 1, 纺织工业出版社, pages: 101 - 505 * |
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